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T3P chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN Khoa bgc Xa hoi ^ a Nhan van Tap 30 So 4 (2014) 25 34 Vu''''ng pho voi cam xuc tieu cue cua hoc sinh trung hoc co so Ngu} en Thi Minh Hang* Trudng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc Xa hpi vd Nhdn[.]
T3P chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN: Khoa bgc Xa hoi ^ a Nhan van Tap 30 So (2014) 25-34 Vu'ng voi cam xuc tieu cue cua hoc sinh trung hoc co so Ngu} en Thi Minh Hang* Trudng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc Xa hpi vd Nhdn van, 336 Nguyin Trdi Thanh Xudn Ha Npi, Viii Nam Nlian 04 tbdng 12 nam 2014 Chinh sua nga\ 12tiiang 12 nam 2014; Oi^nban dang 20 thang 12 nam 2014 Tom tat: Nghien cuu iing vdi t^m xiic tieu cue cua hgc sinh trung hge co sd ebo diay hgc sinh CO xu hudng iing pbo tap trung vao nhan thiic thuong xuyen hon so voi ling pbo lap trung vao hdnh vi va cam xuc Hgc sinh co roi nhieu cam xiic tfaudng xuyen umg pbo tieu cue hem so vdi hpc sinh khong cd roi nhieu cam xiic Mgt so yeu to co anh huong dang ke den cdch thiic ling vdi cam xiie tieu cue cua hgc sinh trung hge co sd, la so tbi'ch ca nhan cua cae em thdi gian va tan suat tam sir vdi eha me Tir khoa Cng cam xiie tieu cue roi nhieu cam xiic bgc sinh trang hgc co so l.Ddtvandl Hgc sinh trung hge co sd (THCS) Id tudi vj thdnh niln dang d giai doan phdt trien ma cdc nhd tam ly hge ggi la glal dogn khiing hodng Cde em ggp rat nhieu khd khdn: vl hgc tgp; ve cac quan he hgc dudng, quan he xa hdi; vl tam ly cd nhan ma dd khd nang lam chiJ cdm xiic ciia ban than la mot khd khdn rdt ddc trung d lua tudi Nhiing nghiin cuu gan day cho tha\ bdi cdnh kinh tl - xa hdl vdn hda biln ddi nhanh vd phiic tap hien nay, nhung khd khan vdn ddc trtmg cho lua tudi hgc sinh THCS lai cdng them phue tgp Trong dd, sy hd trg tam ly eho hpc sinh tir phia xa hdi, nha trudng va gia dinh cd phdn it ddn di DT.: 84-945688896 Email: minhhangnt a gmail.t nhleu nguyen nhan Thue te dd lam cho khdng it hgc sinh liia tudi vj thdnh niln mdc cac rdi nhilu tdm ly, dd cd rdi nhieu edm xiic (lo au, stress, thu minh, ne tranh xa hgi sg giao tilp, sg di hgc vd ndng hon cd the la trdm cam) Nlu nhu cdc rdi nhieu hdnh vi dl nhan biet, dd dugc quan tdm hon thi cdc rdi nhieu cam xiic lai khd nhan biet hon, dd it nhdn dugc sy quan tdm ciia cha me, thay cd Khdng it hgc sinh mac eac rdi nhieu edm xiic keo ddi mot thdi gian dai khdng cd each iing phd hieu qua cung nhu khdng nhan dugc sy hd trg tdm ly tir phia gja dinh, nhd tnrdng va xd hgi dd tim den cdc each thirc gidi quyet tiiu cyc nhu ty sat hodc bi rdi loan tam thdn, nhe hon thi chdt lugng cugc sdng giam sut, kit qua hgc tgp kem Nghien cuu cua chung tdi cd muc dich phat hifn nhung each ung phd vdi cam xiic tiiu eye dang cd d hpc sinh THCS hieu qua ciia nhimg N T.M Hdng / Tgp chi Khoa lipc DHQGHN: Khoa hgc Xd hpi vd Nhdn vdn Tpp 30 So (2014) 25-34 cdch ling phd dd vd de xuat nhiing each thuc img phd phii hgp vdi dac diem tam sinh ly cua cde em Khdi nifm Theo Lazarus va Folkman [1], ung phd la sy thay ddi nhdn thiic va no lyc ciia cd nhan nhdm phan ung lai vdl hodn canh bdng ngudn lyc hodc vugt qua ngudn lyc ciia bdn thdn "Nhiing no luc thay ddi hanh vi vd nhgn thuc nhdm kiem sodt ddi hdl tir phia ben ngodi hodc bin trong, vugt qud khd ndng ciia ngudi" O ddy, chiing tdi quan nifm img phd Id edeh thiic duong dau vd gidi quylt nhihig tinh hudng khd khdn, nhiJng tinh huong "cd vdn de" md trudc dd cd nhan chira cd kinh nghifm vdl nd Ung phd vdi cam xiic tieu cyc cua hgc sinh trung hgc eo sd Id each tbiic cdc em Idm giam di hodc lam mdt dl cdc bilu hifn cdm xiie tiiu cue, bat thudng, khd chiu ciia ban than Chiing tdi xdc dinh cac each ung phd ciia hgc sinh THCS nhu sau: Phuong difn 1: cd ba cde each thirc ung phd la ling phd tap trung vdo nhan thirc, iing phd t^p trung vdo cdm xiic va iing phd tap trung vdo hanh vi Phucmg dien 2: xet ve tinh hifu qud cung cd ba cdch thuc iing phd nhu sau: *lfngphd lich cyc: day la logl iing phd cd thi gidm nh? hodc Idm mdt dl nhChig cam xiic tiiu cyc Cdc nhd tdm ly hgc eho rdng ndy sinh cdm xiic tieu cyc, edeh iing cd hifu qud Id: a) nhdn difn chinh xdc nhimg cam xiic minh dang cd bdng each quan sat va ldng nghe tdm hdn minh b) tim hilu bdn thdn nhimg cdm xiic dd cung nhu nguyen nhan sinh chiing each thiic phdng ngiia va duong ddu; c) chap nhgn nhirng cam xiic tieu cue minh dang cd, khong che ddu, khdng dien gidi nd theo each thiic sai leeh md duong dau vdi nd; d) cd chien luge hanh vi hilu qud de thay ddi thdi quen, loai bo hanh vl khdng hilu qua va hinh hdnh vi hifu qua hon.DTBociicuc(hodc TBQfdieuc) duge quy gdn nhu sau : - Tir - dudi 1,8: khdng bao gid ung phd tich cyc - Tir 1,8 - dudi 2,6: it iing phd tich cyc - Tir 2,6 - dudi 3,4: thinh thodng iing phd tich cycCmiic trung binh) - Tir 3,4 - dudi 4,2: khd thudng xuyin iing ph6 tich cue - Tu 4,2 - 5,0: rdt thudng xuyin ung phd tich cyc *&ngphd tieu cue- Ngugc lal vdi iing phd tich cue, ting phd tiiu eye Id ehu the: a) khdng nhdn difn duge chinh xdc cdm xiic tieu cyc ciia ban than ma thudng c6 xu hudng budng xudi theo edm xiic; b) khdng tim hilu bdn thdn cde cdm xiie tiiu eye dd ciing nhu nguyen nhan sinh chiing, each thiic phdng ngira va khdng dam duong dau vdi cac cdm xiic ciia minh; c) khdng chap nhan nhQ'ng cdm xiie tieu cue minh dang cd, cd xu hudng che ddu Id di hode dien gldl no theo each fhiic sai lech, loi cho ben ngodi hodc ngugc Igi cam thay cd tdi 161; d) khdng cd chien luge hanh vi hieu qua de thay ddi ihdi quen, logi bd hanh vi khdng hieu qua va khdng hinh thdnh dugc hdnh vi hilu qud hon.DTB„eucK (hoac TBCneunicdugc quy gdn nhu sau: - Tir 1,0 - dudi 1,8: rdt thudng xuyin ung phd tieu circ DTB: diem trung binh; TBC: trung binh chung N.T.M- HSng Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Khoa hoc Xd hdi vdNhdn van Tgp 30 Sd 412014) 25-34 - Tii 1.8 - dinjl 2,6: khd thudng xuyai iit^ jrfid tieu cue - Tii 2,6 - dudi 3,4: diinh thodng ling phd tieu cue - Tii 3,4 - dudi 4.2: it kbi ui^ ididtieucue - Tir 4,2 - 5,0: Hdu nhu khw^ bao gid iing photieucue * Ung Irung ttnh: nhirng edch ling phd ndy thudng mang tinb nudc ddi, cd the mang lal hifu qua, cd thi khdng phu thudc vao tiing cd nhan, timg hodn cdnh/tinh hudng cu the Kbacb the vd phuong phap D^ieo ciro Khach thi nghiin cuu bao gdm 466 hge sinh THCS d hai phd la Ha Ngi vd Hdi Phdng, dd cd 256 hgc sinh Hd Ndi (54,9%), 210 hgc sinh Hdi Phong (45,1%); cd 218(46,8%) hoc sinh namva 248 (53.1%) hgc sinh nir Sd lugng vd ty If bgc sinh cdc khdi ldp Idn lugt Id: khdi 6: 99 em (21.3%); khdi 7: 108 em (23.2%); khdi 8: 140 em (30%); khoi 9: 119 em (25,5%) Cdc phirong ph^ nghien ciru chinh la thang va phdng van sau Chiing tdi da xay dyng thang each thiie iing phd vdi rdi nhilu cam xiic vdi tieu tiiang sau: irng phd bdng nhdn thiic, iing phd bdng cdm xuc, ting phd bdng hdnh vi Ddng thai, each ling phd cua hpc sinh cung dugc phdn tich theo phuong difn tich cue, tieu cue hay trung tinh Ket qud kiem dinh Cronbaeh s Alpha ebo thdy todn bp thang cd tin cdy bdng 0,89 Ngodi ra, de sdng lgc bpc sinh ed roi nhieu cam xiic chiing tdi da xdy dung thang khdc gom tieu thang sau: a) thang thu minh, b) thang than philn co the, c) thang lo au - tram cam, thang dm dnh cudng buc Chi sd Cronbaeh s Alpha ciia thang dona\ Id 0.88 Kit qua nghien cun Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thdy, nhin chung hpc sinh chua cd nhung each iing phd phii hgp vdi cdc cam xdc tieu cue (DTB = 2,65) O miic nay, bpc sinh nhgn thiic tuong ddi da>' dii ve van de ciia minh, ti^ nhien chua chua hieu can ke vl nguyen nhan sinh van de dd, ddi cdn chua chap nhan vdn de ciia minh vd thudng cd chiln luge iing phd bdng nhan thiie Id chu ylu Cdch thirc iJmg phd ciia cde em d miie trung binh nhimg tifm can vol miic it hilu qua Dieu cho thdy doi cac em ung phd theo thdi quen khdng tlrat hifu qua hodc khdng cd chiln luge iing phd r6 rang Chiing ta se phdn tich sdu hon cdch ung phd cua hpc sinh THCS tren ba phuong dien: iing phd tap trung vdo nhan thiic iing phd tap trung vao cdm xiic vd ung phd tap trung vao hanh vi Ket qua thu dugc nhu sau: - Ui^ phd tgp trung vao nhan thtic: DTB = 3,1 - LTng phd tap duiig vdo cdm xiic: DTB = 2,4 - LTng phd tap trung vdo hdnh vi: DTB = 2.5 Nhu vgy, xu hudng chm^ d hgc sinh THCS Id ling phd tap trung vdo nhan thuc, ung phd tap trung vao hdnh vi it ro rang hon va tap trung vao cam xiic khdng phdi Id cdch thtic quen thupc ciia cde em Ket qua cd khdc bift so vdi kit qud nghiin cuuciia Phan Thi Mai Huong [2] va Dd Thi Le H5ng [3] Theo dd, \i nien iing phd tap trung vao hdnh vi la chu ylu Trong dd, theo kit qua nghien cuu cua Ddo Thi Oanh [4] thi bpc sinh thilu nien chua bilt each duong ddu hieu qua vol cdc xiic cam tiiu cyc vd ehua hinh mot phong each duong ddu nhdt dinh vcri xiic cdm tieu cue Sau day, chiing ta se phan tich cu thi tiing xu hudng ung phd vol cam xuc tieu cue eua hgc smh THCS W T \f Hdng I Tgp chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN Khoa hoc Xa hpi vd Nhdn van Tgp 30 Sd (2014) 25-34 Bang I Ung tap trung vao nhan thiic cua hgc sinh THCS Cde each ung phd I Chap nhan nhiing van de minh dang co NghT ring mgi van dl se qua Coi van dl ciia minh chi la tgm Ihdi NghT rdng cung c6 the mdc nhihig cam xiic tieu cue ndy nen day Id hifn tugng binii thudng Thay doi nhan thiic ciia ban than vl nguyen nhan gay cam xiic kho chiu Co gang thay doi each nhin ciia minh ve the gidi xung quanh dg khdng mac cac cam xiic tieu cue TBCnnichcuc Nghi ngd nhung vdn dl minh dang eo Coi nhu minh khong c6 vdn dl gi NghT rang hoan canh khach quan gay 10 Nghi rang ban than minh dang phai chiu nhiJng cam xue tieu cue nhu vay I I Coi d6 la "nghifp", la tgi loi ma minh phai tra 12 Coi day la benh khong the chua khoi TBCnttieucuc TBC„, Muc dp Rat thuang xuyen 18 J 16.2 5,6 5,9 {%) Kha thircmg xuyen 14,6 11,9 7,7 8,1 Thinh thoang It Khong bao 21,8 23,8 18,3 16,7 26,1 30,1 26,4 26,6 19,3 18,0 42,0 42.7 2,9 2,8 2.1 2.1 21,1 28,7 34,2 2,3 2,6 DTB giof 7,0 9,0 12,3 12,8 25,8 23,5 25,6 10,8 10,7 21,3 26,9 30,3 2.5 7,0 10.8 7,8 5,6 6,5 6,1 6.7 7.7 18.0 13,3 17,0 12,6 27,9 24,5 30,6 22,5 40,6 45,3 37,9 51,6 3,9 3,9 3.8 4,1 2,2 2,2 8,5 16,6 70,5 4,5 6,2 5,5 13 23,2 52,1 3,6 8,7 7,7 17,2 25,1 41,3 3,1 Ghi ehii: Dd ddi diem d nhitng item the hifn irng phd tieu cyc Bdng sd lifu trin cho thay, mdc du d tat ca cac cdch iing phd tich cyc deu cd mgt ty II hgc sinh nhdt dinh lya chgn, nhiin ty if d cdc mye thudng xuyen vd kha thudng xuyin cdn thap Chdng hgn "c/iap nhgn nhung vdn di minh dang co" la mgt cdch iing phd tich cyc bdi chi ngudi ta chap nhan bdn thdn dang ed van de v l tdm ly - cdm xiic thi hg mdi tim k i l m nhiing cdch thuc phii hgp d l gidi quyet van de ^ a minh Cd 18,2% hgc sinh rdt Ihudng xuyin va 14,6% hpc sinh khd thirdng xuyen lam nhu vgy g§p cac cam xuc tieu cyc Trong tig cd d i n 26,1 % va 19,3% hgc sinh it va Ididng bao gid Idm theo edeh cac each ung xii tich cue khdc ty If hgc sinh lya chgn eac phucmg dn ciing tuong ty nhu vdy Nhin tdng t h i thi CO 10,8% hgc sinh rdt thudng x u y i n iing phd tich cyc, cung vdi s6 lugng hgc sinh gan nliu vgy (10,7%) irng phd tich cue d mire dO khd thudng xuyin; cd , % hpc sinh thinh thodng ling phd lieh cyc, 26,9% hoc sinh it ling phd tich eye va , % hge sinh khdng bao gid ling phd tich cyc Nhu vdy, ty If hgc sinh it va khdng bao gid iing phd tich cyc van eao hon ty If hgc sinh rat thirdng xuyen vd khd thuong xuyen iing phd tich eye (21,5% so vol .\ T.M Hdng ' Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN Khog hoc Xa hpi vd Nhdn vdn Tgp 30 Sd (2014) 25-34 57,2%) DTBm,dK:„ Id 2.5 cho biit hgc sinh iing phd theo ede each thiic tich cue chi d muc thinh thoang ma thoi ty If Idn lugt la 25,1% vd 41,3% DTB„„cucuc Id 3,6 cho thdy, hgc sinh it iing phd tap trung vdo nhiing nhdn thiic tieu eye Chiing tdi cung tim hilu xem hgc sinh su dung cdc each iing phd tieu cue d miic dp ndo Cac nhd tdm ly hgc eho rang, ta gdp khd khdn hay van de tam ly tbi nhiing iing phd tieu cyc thudng Id: nghi ngd, phii nhan vdn de, ldng trdnh vdn de, dd ldi cho khdeh quan, bupc tdi ban than, dd loi eho sd phdn, tin ring khdng the gidi quyet van de NhOng nhgn thiic tiiu cue nhu vdy ciia cd nhdn cdn trd qud trinh chap nhan vd tim giai phdp de giai quyet/hoa gidi vdn dl eiia hg Nhu vdy, vl mat nhan thiic cd ede cam xuc tiiu eye thi hgc smh iing phd tich cyc d miic thinh thodng, \'ay, cac em ciing it irng phd tiiu cyc nhu nghi ngd, phii nhdn vdn dk, ne trdnh van de hay dd Idi eho bdn than vd nhiing ngudi xung quanh Kit qud nghiin cim thi hifn bdng ebo thay cd 6,2% hgc sinh rdi thirdng xuyen ung phd tiiu cyc, 5,5% khd thuang xuyin vd 13% hgc sinh thinh thodng lam nhu vdy Tuy vay, ty If hgc sinh /'/ vd khong bao gia cd nhdn thirc tiiu cue nbu vdy vdn chilm da sd vol Nhan thiic va cdm xiic la hai hifn tugng tdm ly khdng tbi tdch rdi nhau, ngugc Iai, chiing cd mdi quan hf nhan qua vol Neu nhan thiie tich cyc se tgo nhiing cdm xiic tich cue vd nhilu trudng hgp thi nguge lai ciing diing, nghia la, cdm xiic tich cyc thi tao nhan thiic tich cue Tuong ty nhu vay vdl nhgn thiic vd cdm xiic tiiu cyc Vgy hgc sinh THCS nghien cun ciia chiing tdi dd iing phd bdng cam xiic nhu thi ndo cac em gdp cac cam xiic tieu cyc? Bang O'ng tap trung vao cam x Miic dg (%) Rdt Kha thudng thuong xuyen xuyen T\r theo doi cam xiic ben Irong 10,4 11,5 Ghi nh§I ky ve cam xiic de nhan sy thay doi 9,6 6,5 Gap chuyen gia Iam ly de giai loa cam xiic 1.8 1,8 Bgc lg cam xtic ben ngodi 9,7 8,6 Cam thay co 16i vl tinh ti^g cam xiic cua minh 7,2 5,4 TBC„ 7,8 6,8 Cac each img Thinh thoang ttkhi 18.7 11,4 4.7 14,4 15,8 13,0 24,8 14,1 TJ 32,0 30,2 21,7 Khong DTB 58,4 84,5 35,3 41,4 50,8 2,0 1,3 2,3 3,9 2,4 Ghi chii: DS doi diem d item ung phd tieu cue Chi cd Idn lugt la 7.8% va 6,8% hgc sinh THCS ling phd tap trung vdo edm xiic mire rdt thudng xuyen vd khd thudng xuyin Ty If bpc sinh iing phd tgp trung vao cdm xiic d cdc miic dg sau nhu thinh thodng va it tdng ddn vdi ty If Idn lugt Id 13%, 21.7% Ddc bift, cd hon mgt nura (50,8%) hgc sinh khdng bao gid ling phd tap tnmg vdo cam xiic Kit qud Id phii hgp vdl ddc diem tdm - sinh ly cua hgc sinh d tudi thieu nien Dde diem tam sinh ly ndi bdt ciia tudi ndy la tran ddy ndng lugng, hogt dgng thudng noi trgi hon so vdi ngdn ngO, xu hudng hudng ngoai lan at hon so vdi xu budng hudng ndi Trong do, nhung iing xii nhu ivr theo ddi cdm xuc ben trong, ghi nhdt ky vi cdm xuc di nhdn sye thay ddi, la nhung hanh vi ddi hdi su ldng dgng, tinh tl ma cdn cd su trdi nghifm vd kinh nghifm sdng khd nhilu - nhihig .V T M Hdng Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN Khoa hgcXa hgi va Nhgn vdn Tgp 30 Sd (2014) 25-34 dieu chua the cd dugc d liia tudi hgc sinh THCS Ngoai ra, nh&ng ung xir khdc nhu gap gd chuyen gia tdm ly di gidi tda cdm jruccung khd xa vdi ddi vol da sd hgc sinh ma d trudng hgc ciia cde em vdn chua cd nhd tdm ly, dd, co hdi de gdp go cde nhd tam ly bin ngodi khdng hi de co dugc Bdc Id cam xiie ben ngoai ciing khdng phai Id each phii hgp nen hoc sinh khdng thudng xuyin img phd theo cdch Cac so lifu bdng ciing cho thdy hgc sinh THCS khdng thudng xuyen img phd bdng cam xiic so vdi iing phd bang nhdn thiic (TBCcx = 2,4 so vdi TBC„ = 3,1)^ Kit qua kilm dinh cho thdy cd sy khdc bift ed y nghia giua irng phd bdng nhan thiic vd iing phd bdng cam xuc (p-value < 0,05) Nhu vdy, ling phd tgp trung vao cdm xiic khdng phdi la each irng phd thudng gap d hgc sinh THCS Vdy, lifu cdch img phd tap trung vao hanh vi cd phd bien hon so vdi iing tdp trung vao cam xiic hay khdng? Chiing ta bdy phdn tich ket qua phan sau day Bang Ung tap trung vao hdnh vi Cac each iing phd Tim hieu ve nhifng bieu hifn cua minh qua sach bao, mfng Tim hieu thong tin ve nhihig bieu hien cua minh qua ban be Tim hieu thong tin ve nhimg bieu hi|n cua minh qua thiy/co giao Tim hieu thong tin ve nhung bieu hien cua minh qua nguoi than Chia se vSn d§ cua minh voi cha me Chia se vdi nhifng nguoi than l(hac tiong gia dinh Chia se vdi ban be Tim higu kinh nghiem \h each giai quyet van de ciia minh Ggi di?n den c4c ducmg day tu van tam ly 10 G|p chuySn gia tam ly 11 Chia se vdi b?n than ciing gioi 12 Chia se vdi ban than khac gidi 13 Tham gia hoat dgng vui Choi, giai Iri, mua sim 14 Tham gia cac hoat dpng tu thien 15 Di chCia, di nha thd cau nguyen 16 Di ciing bai, xem bdi 17 Khong lam gi ca TBCi, Mire (%) Rat Khd Ihudng thuong xuyen xuyen 6,7 8,1 Thinh thoang It Khong bao gio DTB 16,6 25,1 43,5 2,1 4,2 8,0 23,8 34,5 28,5 2,3 3.4 6,5 14,0 33,9 42,2 2,0 6,5 13,7' 22.9 27,6 29,3 2,4 16.1 8,7 22,6 28,7 23,9 2,6 8,8 8,1 24,5 27,4 31,2 2,4 19,1 10,3 19,1 14,4 23,7 19,1 23,1 29,9 15,0 26,3 3,0 2,5 2,9 1,8 18,2 5,8 27,1 3,4 1.8 12,8 5,4 16,3 5,6 4,7 23,1 8,3 21,7 7,4 7,2 24,7 20,5 19,7 80,7 84,5 21,2 60,0 15,2 1,4 1,3 2,6 1,8 3,2 13,7 12.4 4.0 7,6 9,9 6,7 9,0 2.2 4,9 8.8 20,0 18,4 5,8 10,8 16,8 29,4 29,2 17,1 19,7 23,9 30,2 31,0 70,9 57,0 40,6 2,4 2,4 4,1 4,1 2,5 Ghi chii: Da doi diem d nhihig item iing photiSucue ^ TBCnt: diem trang binh chung vl nhJin thiie; TBCcx: diem trung binh chung vl cam xiic ' IP"^*\ T.M Hdng/Tgp chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN Khoa Iioc Xd hpi vd Nhan van Tap 30 S6 (2014) 25-34 Nhflmg hdnh vl irng phd vdl cam xiic tieu cyc dugc hgc sinh THCS thyc hifn thudng xuyen nhdt Id tham gia boat ddng vui choi, gidi tri, mua sdm (27,1%), chia sl vdi ban be (19,1%), chia se voi bgn thdn ciing gidi (18,2%), chia se van de ciia minh vdi cha me (16,1%) Thii ty uu tien ciia cdc hdnh vi iing phd ndi tren phii hgp vdi ddc diem tam ly ciia Ilia tudi thilu nien la ham thich boat ddng, nhu cau kit ndi vdi ban Idn va cha me la ddi tugng giao tiep xIp sau ban be Kit qua nghien ciiu thi hifn bdng ciing cho thdy hgc sinh rdt it tim kiem su hd trg tir bin ngodi cd van dl vl cam xiic Chdng hgn, d miic rdt thudng xuyin vd khd thudng xuyen chi ed 4,2% vd 8,0% hgc sinh tim hilu thdng tin ve nhimg bilu bifn ciia minh qua bgn be, 3,4% vd 6.5% tim hilu thdng tin vl nhiing bleu hifn ciia minh qua thdy/c6 gido 6,5% vd 13,7% tim hilu thdng tin vl nhOng bilu bien ciia minh qua ngudi than, Dilu ndy phdn dnh miic dp kit nil va chia se cdm xiic ciia thieu nien vdi nhung ngudl xung quanh rdt ban ehe Day ed thi Id mgt nguy co dan din rdi nhieu cdm xiic hode lam cho cdc van dl edm xiic md cae em dangcd trd nen trdm trpng hon Nhu vdy, ty le ede em thudng xuyen thye hifn nhihig iing phd hdnh vi tich eye khdng cao, Idii dd cd khd nhilu hanh vi tich cyc nhung cd ty le hge sinh cho Id khdng bao gid Idm nhu vgy lai rdt cao Chdng hgn, cd 84,5% va 80.7% hgc sinh khdng bao gid gdp chuyen gia tdm ly hay ggi dien din dudng ddy tu vdn tdm ly de chia se cam xiic tiiu eye Dilu phii hgp vdi bdi cdnh xa hgi hifn nay, theo dd, vifc tilp cgn vdi eac dich vu trg giiip tdm ly eon chua phd biln, dae bift, d hai dja ban ma chiing tdi nghien ciiu la Hdi Phdng vd Ninh Binh tham chi cdn khdng cd nhimg djch vy ndy Vi thi, cac em khdng bao gid lam viee la hodn toan dl hilu O tudi hpc sinh THCS, nhu cdu ve ban khac gidi chua thuc sy Idn nin cac em cfing it chia se cdc van de cdm xiic ciia minh vdi bgn khdc gidi (60% hgc sinh khdng bao gid lam vifc ndy) Nhiing hdnh vi tieh cyc khac nhu tim hieu van de ciia minh qua sdch bdo/mang internet hay qua ban be thay/cd gido, chia se van de cua minh vdi cha me, cung cd m^t so lugng kha Idn cac em khdng bao gid thyc hien Tuy vdy, nhung hanh vl dugc xem la tieu cue (khdng mang lal hilu qua) nhu di cung bai, xem bdi hay khdng lam gi ca cung cd mdt Xy le Idn cdc em khdng bao gid thyc hiln (Idn lugt Id 70,9% vd 57%) Nhin chung, xet theo miie dO thi ty le cac em thyc hifn cac hanh vi ung phd d cdc phuong an r4t thudng xuyin va khd thudng xuyen la rdt it (Idn lu0 la 9,9% vd 8,8%), tj If tang ddn d ede phuong dn thinh thoang (16,8%) vd it (23,9%) Ddc bift, cd din 40,6% hgc sinh duge hdi khdng bao gid thyc hifn cdc hanh vl tich eye de iing phd vdi cdm xiic tiiu cyc ciia minh Dilm TBChvld 2,5 cho thay iing phd tap trung vdo hdnh vi ciia hgc sinh THCS chi d miic d^ it - ddy khong phdi Id cdch md hpc sinh thudng thyc hifn cd cam xiic tieu cyc Tuy vgy, nhiing hanh vi ung phd ndi tren thi tham gia cdc hogt ddng vui choi, gidi tri; chia se vdl ban be, chia se vol ban than ciing gidi vd chia se vdi cha me la nhiing hanh vl cac em thyc hifn vdi tdn suat thinh thoang (DTB tir 2,6 -3,2) Kit qua nghien ciiu cho thdy cd sy tuong quan thudn tuong ddi rd giiia iing phd tap tnmg -\ T.M Hdng/ Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN Khoa hoc Xa hpi va Nhdn vdn Tgp 30 Sd (2014) 25-34 vao cdm xiic va iing phd tap trung vao hdnh vi ciia hgc sinh THCS (r = 0,468) Dilu cd nghTa la cam xuc cCia hgc sinh cdng tich cue tbi hdnh vi ciia cac em ciing tich cue va ngugc lai Cd sy khdc bilt ung phd giiia hgc sinh nam va hgc sinh nii hay khdng? Kit qua kiem dinh cho thdy cd sy khdc bift cd y nghia ling phd tich cyc d hoc sinh nam vd hpc sinh nii Theo dd, hpc sinh nii cd iing phd tich cyc hon hgc sinh nam (Sig = 0,002 < p = 0,05) Khdng cd sy khac bift gidi tinh cd y nghTa d kieu irng phd tiiu cyc vd iing phd trung tinh (pvalue > 0,05) Ngodi ra, d cd kilu iing phd: tap trung vdo nhdn thiic, tap trung vdo cam xiic va tgp trung vdo hdnh vl thi hoc sinh nO: ciing ling phd tdt hon hpc sinh nam (p-value < 0,05) Khdng ghi nhan dugc sy khac bift cd y nghTa iing phd ciia hgc sinh theo dja ban nghiin ciiu (p-value > 0,05) Trong nghien cim chiing tdi eung dilu tra va phan logi nhdm hpc sinh cd rdi nhleu cam xuc vd khdng cd roi nhieu cam xiic Vay nin, mgt cdu hdi dugc ddt Id: hgc sinh cd rdi nhilu cam xiic va hgc sinh khdng cd r6i nhilu cam xiic cd cdch iing phd tuong ddng hay khdc nhau? Kit qud phdn tich sd lieu cho biet hpc sinh cd miic dO lo au d miic cao vd rat cao (38%) cd diem TBC iing phd tiiu cyc d miic khd thudng xuyen(TBC tir 1,8 - 2,6) so vdi diem TBC iing phd tiiu eye ciia nhdm hgc sinh khdng cd rdi nhleu chi ndm khoang thinh thodng ling phd tiiu cue (TBC tir > 2,6 - 3,4) Sy khdc bift Id cd y nghia (p-value In (TBC«icao dao ddng tir 2.6 3,3)^ Trong dd.dilm TBC iing phd tiiu eye ciia nhdm hgc sinh khdng bi Io au - tram cam, lo au - trdm earn nhe va rdt nhechi d miic it kbi, tifm edn vdi miic hau nhu khdng gid iing phd tieu cyc (TBCadntie = 4,1)* Thdm chi, nhdm hgc sinh hi lo au - tram cam rat ndng thi ludn Iudn iing phd tiiu cue (TBC„eucuc 1,0) Sy khdc biet cd y nghTa thdng kl (Sig = 0,000 < p = 0,05) Ve mdt ly thuyit, nhihig van de cdm xiic se gidm di bode khdng xuat hien neu chung ta cd Idi sdng vd nhung sd thich lanh mgnh bdi sd thich Idnh manh dugc xem Id mOt nhihig each thiic iing phd tdt vdl edm xiie tiiu cyc Trong nghiin cihi nay, ehiing toi dd tien hanh kilm tra xem lifu nhiing hpc sinh cd nhiing sd thich ndo dd cd it cd nhChig cam xiic tiiu cue hay khdng Kit qud thu dugc cho thay, ty If hgc sinh cd cdc sd thich nhu sau (bleu dd I) Kit qud dilu tra cho thay ed 49,2% hgc sinh c6 cdc sd thich khac nhau, 50,8% so hgc sinh cdn lai khdng cd d thich ndo ed Trong sd hge sinh cd sd thich thi ty If hge sinh thich dm nhae la Idn nhdt (62,8%), tilp din la choi game (53.2%), thi thao (52,3%), tdn gdu cung ban be (51,8%), mua sdm (38,6%) vd nghf thudt (36,7%) Ngodi ra, hpc sinh liet ke mgt sd sd thich khdc nhu xem ti vi, dl choi, dpc sach, di du Iich, lam banh, khilu vii, thilt kl thdi trang, tham gia cdc boat ddng tinh nguyfn, So sdnh ty If hpc sinh mac lo du d hai nhdm hgc sinh ed sd thich vd khdng cd sd thich cho thay khdng cd sy khdc bift dang kl ndo TBCadeao dilm trung binh chung lo au va tram cam a miic cao •" TBCadnhe dilm trung binh chung lo du va trdm cam d mirc nh? .v T.M Hdng, Tttp chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN Khoa ItpcXd hoi va Midii van Tap 30 Sd 4f20i4t 25-34 70 -62.8 53.2- 52.3 38.6 Amnhgc Choi game Tbi thao Tin gau cung b?n b^ J6^7_ 11 Mua sdm Nghf thugt Hoatflfng tinh nguyfn Bieu I Sd thich cua hgc sinh (%) Tuy nhien, so sanh ty If hai nhdm hgc sinh d trie nghifm trdm cdm cho thdy, nhom hgc sinh cd sd thich ghi nhdn dugc 9,6% sd hgc sinh cd cac bilu hifn trdm cdm tii miic trung binh trd len, dd, ty 11 d nhdm bpc sinh khdng cd sd thich Id 10,8% Xet ve timg loai sd thich cho didy tdn tgi sy khdc bift cd y nghTa giQa nhdm hgc sinh sau ddy: Nhdm cd sd thich am nhae thudng xuyin ling phd tich cyc hcmso vdi nhdm khong cd sd thich (DTB Idn lugt la 2.34 va 2.14; Sig = 0,010 < p = 0,05) Ngodi ra, hge sinh cd sd thich la dm nhgc cd xu hudng iing phd tgp trung vao hdnh vi hon so vdi hgc sinh khdng co sd thich (DTB Idn lugt la 2.49 vd 2,31; Sig = 0.016 < p = 0.05) Bin cgnh dd, cd bdng chirng cho thdy nhdm hgc sinh cd choi mot loai nhae cu nao cd iing phd tgp trung vdo hanh vi hon nhdm hgc sinh khdng choi mdt logl nhae cu ndo (DTB Idn lugt id 2,73 va 2,37; Sig = 0,000 < p = 0,05) va cdc em ciing iing phd tich cyc hon (DTB Idn lugt Id 2,55 vd 2,22; Sig = 0,03 < p = 0,05) Nhdm hgc sinh cd sd thich mua sdm irng phd tich cyc hon so vdi nhdm hgc sinh khdng cd sd thich (DTB Idn lugt la 2,38 va 2,19; Sig = 0,014 < p = 0,05) Hgc sinh cd sd thich ndy ciing thudng xuyen iing phd tap trung vao hanh vi hon so vdi nhdm hgc sinh khdng cd sd thich (DTB Idn lugt Id 2,54 vd 2,35; Sig = 0,090,05) Ngodi ra, d cd kilu iing phd: tap trung vdo nhdn thiic, tap trung vdo cam xiic va tgp trung vdo hdnh vl thi hoc sinh nO: ciing ling phd tdt hon hpc sinh nam... 2,4 - LTng phd tap trung vdo hdnh vi: DTB = 2.5 Nhu vgy, xu hudng chm^ d hgc sinh THCS Id ling phd tap trung vdo nhan thuc, ung phd tap trung vao hdnh vi it ro rang hon va tap trung vao cam xiic