Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM sS 65 nam 2014 THU''''C TRANG SIJ''''DUNG BAI TAP TINH HUONG D £ DAY H O C SINH HQC 10 d MpT s o TRÛ CJNG TRUNG HQC PHO THONG J/^\ THANH P H O H O CHI MINH PHAN THI THU H|£N'''' TO[.]
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM sS 65 nam 2014 THU'C TRANG SIJ'DUNG BAI TAP TINH HUONG D £ DAY H O C S I N H HQC 10 d MpT s o TRU^CJNG TRUNG HQC PHO THONG J/^\ T H A N H P H O H O CHI MINH PHAN THI THU H|£N' TOM TAT Dieu Ira ve thai vd phuang phdp hgc tap mon Sinh hgc 10 ciia 378 HS lap 10 a truimg trung hgc Ihong (THPT) cho Ihdy da sd hgc sinh (HS) khdng himg thu hoc mdn Sinh hgc HS deu gidi Ihich nguyen nhdn Id kien thuc khd, Iricu tugng HS chu hgc thudc long Bieu tra ve Ihuc Irgng sir dung phuang phdp dgy hgc (PPDH) vd bdi l tinh huong (BTTH) dgy hoc Sinh hgc 10 a Irudng THPT ddi vdi 30 gido vien (G dgy mon Sinh hoc cho Ihdy viec sir dung PPDH tich cue da duac chu y nhung hieu qud chua cao, ddc biet doi vdi PPDH bdng BTTH Irong dgy hgc Sinh hgc 10 vdn cdn nhieu hgn che: quan niem cua GVve cdc vdn de sir dung BTTH Irong dgy hoc chua duac day Tic khda: thuc trang, bai tap tinh hudng, Sinh hgc 10, trung hgc phd thdng, phuong phap day hpc ABSTRACT Current situation of using situational exercises to teach Biology grade 16 In some high schools in Ho Chi Minh City Investigation of altitude and learning method for Biology grade 10 of 378 student high schools shows thai most of the students are noi interested in biology The students that the knowledge is difficult and abstract They mostly have to memorize Investigation current situation of using methods and situational exercises for biology grade 10 in schools with 30 teachers shows that active methodology has atti-acled allenlion but i quite effective, especially with using situational exercises in Biology grade 10 Keywords: current situation, situational exercises, Biology grade 10, high school, methodology Mddau Sinh hgc la mot radn khoa hpc gin vdi cac kiln thirc thuc tiln Trong nhimg nam gan day, Sinh hpc cang phat triln manh me, dae biet la sir phat triln ciia cdng nghe sinh hoc va img dung cua cdng nghe sinh hpc vao thuc tiln Vi vay, dl hpc sinh tiep can nhanh chdng vdi cac tri thuc Sinh hpc thi viec ren luyen nang lire tu hpc cho hgc sinh (HS) la rit cin thilt Mpt nhirng bien phap cd the giai quylt tdt nhiem vu neu tren la su dung BTTH de day hgc kien thitc BTTH dugc sir dung tit ca cac khau ciia qua trinh day hgc, tir khau nghien eiru tai lieu mdi, cung co hoan thien cho den kiem tra danh gia kien thuc ciia HS Sir dung BTTH dl cung cip mdt lugng kien thue mdi, dl eung cl ThS, Trtrdng Oai hpc Sir pham TPHCM 106 T?p chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Phan Thi Thu Hiin khac sau kiln thuc haac kilm tra mire dg nim vimg kien thiic Sir dung BTTH trgng giang day cdn ren luyen cho HS nhiJng thao tac tu nhu phan tich, tdng hgp, khai quat hda, trim tugng hda, van dung cac kien thuc dd vao ddi sdng va thuc tiln san xuit Day hpc theo phuang phap sir dung BTTH giiip cho HS cd thi linh hdi hri thiic vimg vang han, tao himg thu hpc tap tdt hon Sil dung BTTH la bien phap quan trgng dl td chirc HS tu luc nghien cuu sach giao khoa (SGK) Thuc te day hgc Sinh hgc 10 d trudng phd thdng hien vin cdn mang nang tinh chat thdng bag, tai hien Ddng thdi nhu ciu va ddng co hgc tjp cua HS ddi vdi mdn Sinh hgc 10 chua diing din, nen HS hpc t^p mdt each thu dgng, gd ep, Dg dd, GV can phai cd PPDH tich cue hon, dat HS trudc mdi tinh hudng hgc tap cd vin dl dl eac em chu ddng tham gia vao hoat ddng hpc tap cd hieu qua hon Qua tim hilu, chiing tdi nhan thay: day hpc bing tinh huong da duge nghien cuu va van dung nhilu ddi vdi CiSc mdn hpc khae, rieng ddi vdi radn Sinh hpc 10 vin cdn han chi va cin dugc quan tam nhieu hon nira, Vi vay, bai bao nhim cung cip cac din chiing va sd lieu dilu h-a dl ed nhimg nhjn djnh khach quan hon vl thuc trang sir dung BTTH day hpc Sinh hgc 10 d mdt sd trudng THPT tai TP Hd Chi Minh Ket qua nghien cmj Chung tdi da tiln hanh dilu tra, khao sat bing phiiu hdi tren 378 HS lap 10 va 30 GV d^y Sinh hgc thudc Sd Giao due va Dao tao TP Hd Chi Minh dl xac dinh chit lugng day va hpc Tir dd, tim nguyen nhan han chi, chit lugng day va hpc Cae kit qua duge chiing tdi xii li bing phin mIn; Microsoft Excel 2013 2.1 Ket qud diiu tra vi mong muon vdy thiec hoc tap mon Sinh hgc 10 2.1.1 Ve thdi mong muon hgc tap mdn Sinh hgc 10 cua HS Kit qua thu dupe a bang nhu sau: Bdng Ket qud dieu tra ve mong mudn hoc tap mdn Sinh hgc 10 Rat thich Thich Trong gid day, GV thuylt trinh tir diu din cudi Gid giang co tranh, anh, may ehilu, minh hoa 0,79 69,84 1,32 24,34 Khong thich 97,89 5,82 Gid giang cin cd cau hoi, bai tap gay himg thii hpc tap 47,09 40,48 12,43 • Gid giang can phai dugc nhieu ban tham gia xay dung bai, bao ve y kien cua minh 73,55 19,31 7,14 Viec hoc bo mon Sinh hpc 14,81 18,25 66,94 Viec kiem tra danh gia hien cua giao vien 17,72 25,66 56,62 STT I N$i dung dieu tra 107 Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM S6 65 nam 2014 Tir kit qua thu dugc d bang cho thay, mong mudn ciia HS ddi vdi gid day cua giao vien la: Phai cd minh hga bing cae phuang tien true quan (94,18%), cd cae bai tap, cau hdi dl tag hiing thu (87,57%) va cin cho HS thao luan dl xay dung bai (92,8%) Cac em hoan toan khdng thich giao vign len Idp thuylt trinh tir diu den cudi (97,89%) Trong cac tiet hgc hien nay, giao vien chua dap ling dugc nhimg yeu cau tren ciia HS nen da cd tdi 66,94% HS khdng thich hgc bd mdn Sinh hpc Ke ca khau kiem tra danh gia cua giao vien chi cd 43,38% la ddng tinh, cd din 56,62% td khdng thich Qua phan tich tren cho thay, cac yeu eau cua HS la chinh dang Tuy nhien, hien tai gido vien qua trinh day hgc chua dap ling dugc cac yeu ciu cua HS, day eung cd the la mdt nhirng nguyen nhan lam cho HS khdng thich hgc mdn Sinh hpc, 2.1.2 Vey thirc hgc tap man Sinh hgc 10 Chiing toi ciing da tien hanh dieu tra cac phuang phap hpc tap bg mdn Sinh hgc cua HS hien ma HS da su dung Ket qua dugc trinh bay d bang Bdng Ket qud dieu tra ve y thirc hgc tap mdn Sinh hgc 10 cua HS STT N^i dung dieu tra Di chudn bi trudc cho mgt bdi hgc mdn Sinh hgc, em thudng lam nhimg viec gi dudi day? - Hpc bai cu, trd ldi cdc cau hdi va bai tap dupe GV giao ve nha - Hpc bai cu nhung chi hpc thupe long mpt each may moc - Doe trudc bai mdi, ghi lai nhftng thic mIc de hdi GV gid hpc Khi GVkiim tra bdi cii, em thudng lam gi? - Nghe ban trd ldi de nhan xet vd ddnh gia bd sung y ki^n - Xem lai bai de doi phd neu bi GV gpi len bang Trong gid hgc, GV dua cdu hdi hoac bdi tap, em thudng lam gi? - Suy nghT each tra ldi cau hdi, bai tap - Nghe su tra ldi hoac giai bai tap cua ban - Chd GV tra ldi hoae gidi bai tap Ket qua 42,33 % 51,85 % 5,82 % 82,54 % 17,46% 12,1 % 14,88 % 73,02 % Kit qua dieu tra thu dugc d bang cho thiy: Cdng tac chuan hi d nha cua HS: + Viec dn tap bai cil va hoan cac ndi dung cua GV giao cho trudc din lop chi dat 42,33% Mdt sd HS dugc dilu tra chg ring: viec hgc bai chi mang tinh chit hgc thugc long nham ddi phd GV, ma chua thuc sir tu giac de biln kien thitc tir sach giao khoa kiln thirc cua ban than, chilm tdi 51,85% sd HS dugc dilu tra + S6 HS chiu khd dgc bai mdi, ghi lai cac thic mic de hdi GV gid hpc chi chilm 5,82% tdng sd HS dugc dilu tra 108 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Phan Thi Thu Hien Cac kit qua tren cho thly, HS y thirc hpc tap bd mdn chua tdt, cd the each day cua giao vien, cac yeu clu cua giao vien chua that cu the, chua mang tinh cap bach ddi vdi HS trudc d^n lap Y thuc hpc tap d tren lap: + HS da chu y tap trung suy nghT npi dung cau hdi giao vien dat de tra ldi hoac bd sung y kien chi^m tdi 82,54% sd HS duac dieu tra + Trong gid hpc da suy nghT cau tra ldi ciia ban 12,01%, xem xet cau kdt luan cua giao vien ddi vdi tra ldi cua ban 73,02% 2.2 Kit qud dieu tra ve thuc trgng su dung BTTH dgy hgc Sinh hgc 10 & trudng THPT cua gido vien Chung tdi da dieu tra bang phleu hdi ket hop vdi phdng van true tiSp 30 giao vien d Sd Giao due va Dao tao TPHCM Ket qua dupe trinh bay d bang Bang Kit qud dieu tra ve thuc trgng sir dung PPDH vd BTTH dgy hgc Sinh hgc 10 d trudng THPT Cau hdi dilu tra Ti le (%) Cau Trung tam cua day hgc bang BTTH la gi? A Xay dung va sir dung tinh hudng cd van de* 50,00 B, Giai quyet van de 13,33 C, Chi dao hoat ddng hgc t$p cua GV 6,67 D Chu dpng, tich cue giai quyet van de ciia HS 30,00 Cau Ban chat cua day hoc bSng BTTH la gi? A Tao nen mgt chudi nhirng tinh hudng cd van de, chuyen HS vao tinh hudng cd van de* 83,33 B Td chiic hoat ddng cho HS, kich thich HS tich cue, tir luc giai quylt van de* 16,67 C Neu vin dl D Giai quylt vin de Cau Dae tru-ng cua day hoc bSng BTTH la gi? A Tinh hudng cd vin de* B Chia qua trinh thuc hien giai quylt vin dl nhimg bude cd tinh muc dich chuyen biet* 33,33 C Bao gdm nhieu hinh thirc td chirc da dang, dudi sir hudng dan cua giao vien* 50,00 109 Tap chi KHOA HQC BHSP TPHCM Sd 65 ndm 2014 Ck\x hoi dieu tra D Neu vln de va giat quyet van de Ti 1? {%) 16,67 Cau Khi xay dirag tinh huong c6 van de, GV dijra tren nhirng nguyen tac va quy trinh nhir the nao? A Khdng cd nguven tic vd quy trinh nao, chi dua vao noi dung bai day dua tinh hudng cd van de theo kinh nghiem 33,33 B Khi day bai mdi se sinh tinh hudng cd vln &i rdi dua cho HS giai quyet van de 33,33 C Can cu vao npi dung kiSn thurc eua bai dl xay dung tinh hudng soan bai* 13,34 D Can cu vao muc dieh cua ddi mdi PPDH* 20,00 Cau Khi van dung day hoc bang BTTH thay, co thu-tmg tien hanh nhir the nao? A Theo bude (dat van de, giai quyet van de, ket luan)* 86,67 B Khong theo bude nao, ma tien hanh theo cac bude len lop cua giao dn truyen thdng 3,33 C Khdng van dung vi khdng hieu the nao ia day hpc bang BTTH D Van dung nhung rat lung tiing vi khong biet xay dung tinh hudng cd van de nhu the nao cho diing va phu hpp 10,00 Chiing tdi tien hanh dilu tra bing phiiu hdi vdi van de theo kieu trie nghiem khach quan, ket hgp vdi phdng van true tiep cung nhu du mdt sd gid len Idp cua 30 giao vien cua trudng trung hpc phd thdng thudc Sd Giao due va Dao tao TPHCM kit qua thu dugc d bang Ket qua cho thiy: 50% giao vien nhan thiic diing trung tam ciia day hpc bang BTTH la can xay dung va sit dung cac tinh hudng cho radi bai hpc 83,33%o nim dugc ban chit va dae trung cua day hpc bing BTTH Tuy nhien, dugc hdi vl nguyen tac va quy trinh xay dung BTTH thi chi cd 33,33% giao vien nhan thiic dupe, Khi dugc hdi ve cac bude van dung day hgc bang BTTH d£i cd 86,67% giao vien da tra ldi dung, Tdm lai, cd the thay rang giao vien da nam dugc vai trd, nguyen tac, cac bude cd ban ciia viec xay dung va sir dung BTTH day hgc Tuy nhien, dir gid chiing tdi nhan thiy hieu qua sir dung BTTH vao day hgc cdn thip, y dd sir dung BTTH vao day hgc chua that ro rang, cu the 110 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM ^A"" Thi Thu Hien Kit luan Qua dilu tra vl sir mnng mudn hpc tap mdn Sinh hpc 10 ciia 378 HS Idp 10 d Trudng Trung hpc Thuc hanh - Trudng Dai hgc Su pham TPHCM, Trudng THPT Nguyin Hiin, Trudng THPT Luong Thi Vinh cho thay HS dlu cd mong mudn giao vien phai thay dli phuang phap day viec cau hdi, bdt thdi gian thuyet giang, tang cudng cho HS suy nghi ca nhan, hoat ddng nhdm de tranh luan, trao ddi Y thirc hpc tap cua HS kem nguyen nhan la giao vien chua tao cho HS each hpc, each suy nghi giai quyet van de Dieu tra ve thuc trang su dung BTTH day hpc Sinh hpc 10 d trudng THPT ddi vdi 30 GV day mdn Sinh hpc tai trudng THPT; Mac Dinh Chi, Gia Dinh, Nguyen Hiin, Phan Dang Luu va Luong The Vinh thudc Sd Giao due va Dao tao TPHCM cho thay viec sir dung phuong phap day hgc tich cue da dugc chu y nhung hieu qua chua cao, dae biet ddi vdi phuang phap day hgc bang BTTH trgng day hgc Sinh hgc 10 van cdn nhilu han che; quan niem cua GV ve cac van de sii dung BTTH trgng day hgc chua dugc diy dii Viec ap dung BTTH day hgc cdn thap, chua cd sir quan tam nhilu din viec xay dung cac BTTH cd chat lugng de nang cao chat lugng hgc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Dinh Chinh (1995), Bdi tap Tmh hudng qudn ll gido due, Nxb.Giao due Ha Ndi Nguyen Thi Doan (1994), "Van dung phucmg phap tinh hulng giang day dai hpc", Tgp chi Dgi hgc vd Gido due chuyen nghiep, (sd 5) Dinh Tuin Dung (2002), "Ddi mdi phuong phap day hpc theo tinh hudng", Ki yiu hgi Ihdo ndng cao chdt lugng ddo tgg todn qudc Ldn thir m " - '•'-' Phan Dire Duy (1999), Sir,^m>^^'-~ > vien ki ndng dgy HS ' gia Ha Npi Trin Van Ha (199 ddng", (sd 6), r