DUCCrHUtCHGOAl He thd''''ng giao due va dao tao giao vien phd thong Gf Cong hoa Phap •=;•" y ; ^ '''' NGUYEN CHI THANH ''''• '''' '''''''' " '''' " '''' " '''' T r u n g t a m N g h i e n cQu D i d i r e m , D a i hpe Par is VI[.]
DUCCrHUtCHGOAl He thd'ng giao due va dao tao giao vien phd thong Gf Cong hoa Phap -•=;•" y;-^'- '•' '' " ' " ' ,.,•;-.'' ' N G U Y E N CHI T H A N H "' ', T r u n g t a m N g h i e n cQu D i d i r e m , D a i h p e P a r i s VII Khoa S u p h a m , D a i hpc Q u d c Gia Ha ndi Tom tit Bai bao gidi thieu cac nguyen tac cd ban tao nen dac thu cua nen Giao due d Cong hoa Phap Sau bao eao se phan tich kJ hon ve mot sd dac diem eua md hinh giao due va mo hinh dao tao Giao vien phd thong tai Phap eung nha mot sd van de thach thdc hien ciia nen giao due phd thong eua Phap ' D§n nhap " Cong hda Phap mot qud'c gia cc nen giao due phat trien eao Nam 2008 so lUdng sinh vien, hpe sinh vao khoang 15 theu, tQc la khoang V4 dan so Phap hien nay, Ngan sach Giao due hang nam chiem khoang 7, % tdng san pham npi dia quoc gia, Theo so lieu eija chQPng trinh trao ddi giao due giQa cae qudc gia phat trien, tinh theo sQ iQa ehpn du hpc cua sinh vien tren the gidi, Phap la nude dQng thQ (dQde ehpn bdi 8,5% tdng so sinh vien mong mud'n du hpc) xep sau cac nQdc My (20%), Anh (11, 3%), DQc (9%) Tuy nhien theo chQdng trinh danh gia Giad due PISA cua to ehQc OCDE' he theng giao due Phap nhOng nam gan day CO nhQng bQde lui re ret se vdi cae nudcthanh vien eiJa OCDE, B i t dau tQ nam hoc 2008-2009, chinh phu Phap tie'n hanh cai each he thd'ng dao tao giao vien, nhien cac cai each da gap sQ phan dd'i eua nhieu tang Idp xa hpi, Bai bao se lam rd mpt sd dac diem ed ban cua he thong giae due Phap, mo hinh dae tad giad vien phd theng hien tai Phap va cae thach thQc chinh cua giao dpc cung nhU met so de xuat cai each he theng dao tao giao vien phd thdng cua chinh phu Ve he thdng giao due Phap Nguyen t i c •< met nen giao due thong nhat che tat ca mpi ngudi » dupe thie't lap sau thing Idi cua each mang TU san Phap 1789 TQ thdi diem lich sQ he theng giae due bat d i u dupe phan chia thee ba bae: bae tieu hpe (primaire), bae phd thdng (secendaire) va bae dai hpc (superieur) He thdng phan bae dupe giQ tQ thdi dd den Sau dd met thdi gian, hdang de Phap luc dd la Napcleon Bonaparte da tuyen bo giao due se dat dQdi sQ quan ly cua nha nUdc va chinh dUdi trieu dai Napeleen danh dau sQ ddi cua met he thong trudng dae thu cua Phap, cae trQdng Idn (Grandes Eeoles), tQc la de vao cae trQdng thi sinh se phai thi tuyen sau hai nam hpe dQ bj dai hpe tai eae trQdng phd thdng trung hpe danh tieng Ban dau cae trQdng dUdc eau true thee eae nguyen t i e eija quan dpi, chu yeu de dae tad kTsQ dan sQ va quan sQ, vi dp nhu trUdng Clu-Dudng lap nam 1747, trudng Mo lap nam 1783, trudng Bach khoa lap nam 1794 Nam 1881, vao nen epng hda thQ IIP, nha ehfnh tri Jules Ferry da de xuat cae nguyen tac dQdc cei la nen tang ehu yeu che nen giae dpc Phap la «mien phi, phd cap va phi ten giad» Dieu ed nghTa la viec day hpc cung nhU mci trUdng day hpc khdng chap nhan cac bieu hien eua bat ki tdn giao nao; moi tre em tQ IQa tudi den 16 phai du'dc den trQdng Cae tru'dng trung hpe (trung hpe co sd va trung hpc phd thdng) va tieu hpc deu thupe sQ quan ly eua nha nude Ben canh cac trQdng ccng lap cdn cd sU ten tai cua cae trQdng tQ nhan nhQng cac trUdng phai tuan thee sQ chi dao cung nhQ phai thQc hien chQdng trinh giao due ehinh thQc eua Be Giao due De ddi lai nha nQdc chju trach nhiem tra IQdng eho giao vien cac trQdng Vdi he thdng quyen lUc tap trung nhQ vay, b i n g cap cua cac trUdng phd thdng se la cac bang cap quoc gia vi ehung dUa tren cac chUdng trinh hpc gieng cho mpi cd sd dao tao Viec dac tad va tuyen dung giao vien cung dUde tie'n hanh tren binh dien qucc gia treng eae ed sd dad tad, qua khQ la cac trUdng SU pham va tQ nam 1989 den nay, viec dae tao dQdc tie'n hanh tai Vien dai hpc dao tao giao vien lUFM (Institut Universitaire de Fcrmatidn des Maitres) Thed dQ an cai each cua chinh phu hien thdi cua tdng thdng Nicolas Sarkezy (nhiem ki 2007-2012) b i t dau tQ nam hpc 2010 eae lUFM se dQdc sap nhap vac cac trQdng dai hpc 1.1 Bac tieu hoc TQ den tudi, tre em co the b i t dau qua trinh hoc tap tai cac trudng mau giae IQa tudi nay, nha trudng gidi thieu cho tre em nhieu hoat ddng n h i m phat trien eae kha nang nhan biet the gidi xung quanh va eae kTnang ban dau lien quan den nang luc hoc tap mot each doc lap eua tre Giai doan giao DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 5-2009 59 due nay, khdng b i t budc nhQng p h l n [dn tre em deu tham gia cac Idp mau giao Len tudi, hpc sinh se vao bae hpe d i u tien, eae Idp tieu hpe, vdi thdi gian keo dai nam dQde phan theo cae Idp: Idp ehuan bj (cours preparatoire CP) Idp sP cap keo dai nam (cours elementaire CE va CE2) va Idp trung binh keo dai nam (cours moyen CM1 va CM2) Trong thdi gian nam nay, hpc sinh hpc dec va viet theng qua cac boat ddng tap dpc, viet ehinh ta hay lam van Hpc sinh eung bat dau dQde lam quen vdi mdt tieng nQdc ngoai, thQdng la tieng Anh va lam quen vdi eae cdng nghe mdi thong qua cac ehu de Tin hpe, Ccng nghe Cae Idp tieu hpe bac gdm ea hpe sinh nam va nQ va dQdc met giao vien tieu hpe (instituteur hay professeur d'ecole) php traeh va day tat ca cac mdn 1.2 Bac trung hoe cdsd va trung hgc thong Bac trung hpe b i t d i u tQ Idp dQPc chia lam hai chu trinh bae gdm ehu trinh thQ nhat tQ Idp den Idp (premier cycle) va chu trinh thQ hai tQ Idp 10 den Idp 12 (deuxieme eycle)^ Hpc sinh thee hpc cae men hpe ehinh nhQ tieng Phap, Toan, Ljch sQ - Dia ly, Vat ly - Hda hoc, Khoa hpe, Ngoai ngQ, Giad due the chat v.v dQde dam nhiem bdi cac giac vien chuyen nganh Thee q u a n d i e m e u a eae nha l a m chQdng trinh phd thdng d Phap, eae mdn Lich sQ - Dja ly va Vat ly - Hda hpc dQde cei nhQ mpt mdn Chu trinh thQ nhat ket thue vdi ki thi td't nghiep Trung hpe eP sd va dQpe cap b i n g Qudc gia ( b i n g Brevet) Day ehfnh la chQng chi chfnh thQc dau tien eua he thdng giao due phd thdng dQde cap cho hpe sinh cap dp hpe sinh ed the ehpn giQa viee tiep tpc viee hpe tap thee ehUdng trinh ehung ( b i n g tu tai BAC: Baccalaureat) heae thee ehUdng trinh day nghe n g i n han thdi gian den nam ( b i n g CAP: Certifieat d'Apptitude Professionnelle chQng chi kha nang nghe; hoac b i n g BEP: Brevet d'Etudes Professionnelles - chQng ehi hpe nghe) tu'dng dUdng vdi trinh dp nghe bae V he thong nghe cua Phap Phan Idn hpe sinh thee hpe tiep bae tu tai Ddi vdi b i n g tu tai, ed mdt sd ban phan thee kha nang eung nhQ hQng thu cua hpc sinh Cd ba loai hinh tu tai la Tu tai dai cQdng (bae general) eho phep hpe sinh ed the hpc tiep bac eao hdn hdae vao eae trQdng dai hpc, Tu tai cdng nghe (bae teehnologique) eho phep theo hpe tiep cae chQdng trinh n g i n han, Tu tai e h u y e n n g h i e p (bac professionnel) eho phep hpc sinh theo hpc dao tao mdt nganh nghe TQ nam 1995 cd cae ban eua Tu tai dai cQdng sau day: Kinh te va Xa hdi (ES: Economie et Sociale), Van chQdng (L: Litteraire), Khea hpc (S: Seientifique) Cae loai hinh hpe tap d bac eao hdn se phu thudc vae viee IQa chpn phan ban d bae phd thdng va loai tu tai Cae bai thi dQdc tie'n hanh vac thang va tie'n hanh hai lan, lan thQ nhat d Idp 11 ehc rieng men tieng Phap va l i n thQ hai d Idp 12 eho cae mdn edn lai Bai thi Tu tai ed tfnh c h i t qudc gia, tQc la npi dung cac bai thi nhQ eho t i t ca cae trung tam thi tai Phap Theo eae eon sd thdng ke thi ti le dd Tu tai chung, Tu tai cdng nghe va Tu tai chuyen nghiep nam 2008 lan iQdt la 87, 8%, 80, 2% va 76, 6% 1.3 Giao diJC dai hgc Giao due bae dai hpe tai Phap ed the chia ba loai hinh ehinh: -Cac Vien dai hpc Cdng nghe (lUT: Instituts Universitaires de Technclogie) Thdi gian dao tao eae trUdng la den nam theo eae npi dung dao tao nghe ehuyen biet Cae vien dai hpc cdng nghe dao tao cac nganh nghe dap Qng nhu eau eua cae cdng ty, nha may Cae sinh vien cua eae Vien Ccng nghe trQdng thQdng tim dQde viee lam met each tQdng ddi de dang Cae Vien dao tao tuyen sinh dQa tren viee xet hd sd Do cd rat nhieu hpe sinh mcng mudn vao hpe tai cae Vien Ccng nghe sau td't nghiep phd thdng nen sd IQdng hd sd npp vad cac Vjen Cdng nghe thQdng r I t Idn, dan den ehi cd eae ho sd tdt nhat mdi dQde nhan ChQdng trinh dao tao d eae Vien Cdng nghe ehu yeu lien quan den thQc hanh va sinh vien p h i i tie'n hanh nhieu khda thue tap d cac nha may xf nghiep -Cac trQdng dai hpe tdng hpp (universite) da nganh vdi rIt nhieu DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 5-2009 npi dung dad tad phong phu va cung cap ba leai b i n g cap chfnh sau day: cQ nhan (dae tao nam), thac sT (dao tao tQ den nam sau ed b i n g cQ nhan), tie'n sT(dao tao tQ den nam sau cd bing thac sT) Cae trQdng dai hpe tdng hdp eung cap nhQng chQPng trinh dao tao ed ban, nhOng chQdng trinh dad tao ve cdng nghe va n h i m muc tieu chuyen mdn Cac chQdng trinh bao gdm tat c l eae bp mdn va giup eho sinh vien ed kha nang nghien cQu hoac di vao cudc sdng nghe nghiep Tren thQc te cae Vien dai hpe cdng nghe deu trQc thuoc, mdt each trQc tiep hay gian tiep, vao eae trQdng dai hpc tdng hdp P h l n Idn mdi phd eua Phap deu cd it nhat mpt trQdng dai hpc Cae Idn thQdng ed den ba trQdng dai hpe Vf dp Grenoble n i m d phfa Tay nam nUdc Phap cd 157.500 ngUdi (thdng ke nam 2004) ed trUdng dai hpc la Josep Fourier (Grenoble 1) chuyen eae nganh tU nhien va y te, Pierre M e n d e s F r a n c e ( G r e n o b l e 2) ehuyen ve eae n g a n h kinh te, Stendhal (Grenoble 3) ehuyen ve cac nganh van hpc va ngdn ngO -Cae trudng Idn nhU Hpe vien hanh chfnh qudc gia (ENA: Eeole Nationale d'Administration) npi dao tao dpi ngu cae nha q u l n ly qudc gia, trudng Nghien cQu ThQdng mai eao d p (HEC: Eeole des Hautes Etudes eommereiale) hay trQdng Dai hpc S Q pham (Eeole normale s u p e r i e u r e ) d a o t a o eae nha nghien cQu khoa hpe ed ban va khoa hpe giao due Sinh vien cua eae trQdng dQdc tuyen vdi yeu cau rat eao theo eae ki thi qudc gia sau nam hpc dQ bj tai mpt so trQdng Trung hpc phd thdng noi tieng Cac trQdng Idn eua Phap thudng n i m tai cac thu phu cua cae vung hoac cae Idn Vf du cac trudng INSA (Institut National des Sciences Appliquees) tap trung d eae phd la thCi phu cua bdn vung Idn la Lyon (vung R h o n e A l p e s ) , R e n n e s (vung Bretagne), Rouen (vung Haute Normandie), Toulouse (vung MidiPyrenes) Mdt dae diem ehung cua he thdng giao due dai hpe Phap la cac trudng tQ quyet dinh ndi dung dao tao (tQ bae cQ nhan den tien si) va sd lupng sinh vien dQde tuyen sinh Oig DOUu j i : Hinh Hf thong giao due Pho thong va giao due Dai hoe a Phap Tuoi \ /• 13AC chuyen nghiicp 18 17 16 15 nam V ) f CAP nam \f \ CAP nam BAC dai i;iroiig BAC cong nghe Lap ket thuc Lap de nhat Lap de nhi Lop ket thuc Lap de nhat Lap de nhi V JV THPT J 14 o Q •C 1 o H ~\ c 00 •o 13 o 12 11 10 Lap trung binh (CN42) Lap trung binh (CMl) Lap sa cap (CE2) Lap sa cap (CEI) Lap chuan bi (CP) Tieu hoc o 5o ex c •o Lap mau giao « la » Lap mau giao « choi » Lap mau giao « mam » II o Mau giao ;1 or,t: y.^" 10 a ibi:rig pn^ Tien si f!n 6:, •>n (Docteur) \vi c •Q o fV,'s\- Trudng Idn : Vien Dai hoc Cong nuhc Nriin Cir nhan I icence Thac si (Master) Ufng dung Nshien CUU Bach khoa Can dircTiig Mo ' Bang tu tai Bae DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 5-2009 61 1.4 Mdt sddac diem chu yeu cua he thdng giao diJC Phap Cac cd sd dao tao he thd'ng giao due Phap chiu sQ quan ly eija nha nude thdng qua hai Bd: Bp Giad due Qud'c gia ( M i n i s t e r e de I'Educaticn) va Bp Dai hpe va Nghien cQu (Ministere de I'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche) Hai Bp chiu traeh nhiem ve td ehQc va hanh chinh eua toan bp he theng giad due Cae cap hpe phd thdng Bp Giao due quan ly Viee dao tao giang vien, giae vien, nghien eUu dd Bd Dai hpe va Nghien cQu q u l n ly Tuy nhien met sd bp khac eung tham gia vao viee quan ly eae trQdng nhQ Be Ndng nghiep, Bd Tai chfnh Vao nhQng nam 1982-1983 va 2003-2004 met sd nang IQc quan ly trQdng hpc da dQde trac che eae dia phQdng (vi du nhU cap xa, cap tinh hay cap vung) theo eae nguyen t i e phan chia quyen iQc eua ehfnh phij Thee cac dieu luat dQde thie't lap tQ eae nam 1879 va 1889 eae xa' la chu sd hQu cd sd vat chat (vf dp nhu phdng hpc, dat eua trUdng hpe) va chiu trach nhiem viec xay dQng, tai thie't, md rdng^ sQa chQa, thiet bi eija cac trQdng mau giao va tieu hpe Q u l n ly hanh chfnh tap trung cua nha nQdc dan tdi thieu hut sQ tQ chij cija eae ed sd dao tao la mpt cac dae diem ehu yeu cija he thdng giao dpc Phap Tuy nguyen t i e tQ ehu da dQPc de cap den treng eae van b i n ve day hpe dai hpe tQ nhQng nam 60, sau dd dQdc cu the hda trcng eae bd luat nam 1984, nam 1989 nhung Phap la mpt treng eae sd it cac nUde eua td ehQc OCDE ma tinh tQ ehu cua eae trQdng dai hpe ecn thap va sQ quan If nha nUde mang nang tfnh tap trung Vidu cac trudng dai hpe khdng the tuyen dung va t r i lUPng eho giang vien va can bp eua minh, nguon thu nhap dpc lap eija cae trUdng thap, tai ehinh ehu yeu dUa vao kinh phf eua nha nUde, nha nUdc quy djnh hpc phf thu cua eae trudng Day la mdt sd If dua bdi ehinh phu Phap hien dQ djnh tie'n hanh cai each tean dien he thdng giao due dai hpc Phap He thdng giao due dai hpe cija Phap theo he thdng ehuan chau Au LMD (Licence, Master, Doctoral) hay edn gpi la he theng 3-5-8 (thee sd nam dao tad ciJa mci bae) B i n g c I p eua eae trQdng dai hpc Phap dQde cdng nhan bdi cae trudng dai hpc cua bat ki nQdc nae thudc epng dcng chau Au vdi dieu kien sinh vien p h i i cd met nam hpe tai mdt trQdng eua nude dd theo chQdng trinh trao ddi sinh vien Erasmus (European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students) giQa cac trQdng tham gia hiep Qdc hdp tac song phQPng khudn khd epng ddng chau Au T i t c l cac cd sd dao tao dai hpe deu theo md hinh dao tao tin ehi SETC (systeme europeen de transfert et d'aeeumulation de credits) cija chau Au Thee thdng ke nam 2006, ddi vdi giad due phd thdng, kinh phf nha nQdc chiem kheang 60%, edn lai tQ eae ngucn kinh phi khac nhQ eae cap hanh ehinh tQ chij (vung, tinh) la 22, 5%, xi nghiep la 6, 5%, gia dinh ddng gdp 1 % Chfnh phu Phap ehi ngan sach ehc giao dpc nhieu hdn phan Idn cac nUde td chQc eae nQdc thupe khdi OCDE nhQng q u l n li rat chat che ngan sach giao due SQ tQ ehu nha nQdc danh cho cac trQdng phd thdng rat ban che, hau nhQ khdng cd Mpt nghien cQu cua Uy ban chau Au nam 2008 ve he thd'ng giao due chi ring « Phap la mpt trdng sd ft cac qud'c gia c l n phai tang cQdng sQ tQ chu nhieu hdn ehc eae trQdng phd thdng ve mat ed sd vat c h i t eung nhQ nhan sQ » Vi dp nhU ve mat nhan sU, hieu trUdng cac trUdng phd thdng hau nhU khdng the lam gi nhieu trU mdt sd « quyen » rat han che nhQ thay giae vien v i n g mat vi li dd dac biet nae dd, bd tri giad vien day mpt sd' gid bd sung Hieu trQdng khdng the tuyen dung, danh gia giad vien (xem p h l n 2) Dao tao giao vien phd thong ciPhap 2.1 Mot sd dae diem lich sd Cac trQdng dac tao giad vien cua Phap dQdc lap tai hai thdi diem TrQdc day giac due ehi dQdc danh chd mdt tang Idp thieu sd cua xa hdi va cac nha tu hanh, eae gia sQ eua eae gia dinh quy tdc va giau ed dam nhiem Cach mang TQ s i n Phap nam 1789 da mang den nhieu sQthay ddi xa hdi Phap va mpt thay ddi dd la quyet djnh lap tru'dng dao tao giao vien d i u tien eua Phap tai Paris Dieu da lam thay ddi sau s i c nen giae due bay DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 5-2009 gid Thdng bad lap trQdng neu re « TrQdng sQ pham se dupe lap b Paris va keu gpi mpi cdng dan Phap, ed hieu biet ve khea hpc den hpe tai trQdng Cae sinh vien eua trQdng se dQde dae tad bdi cac giac sQ gidi nhat trdng nhieu iTnh vUc, va nghe thuat day hpe » (theo Conventien 1794) TrUdng sU pham la tien than eua trUdng Dai hpc Su pham (ENS) ma la bon trudng dao tao khoa hpc cP b i n va giao due ndi tieng eua Phap la ENS Paris, ENS Cachan, ENS Lyon va ENS LSH Lyon O thdi diem thQ hai, ed cac cot mdc dang ehu y sau day -1833: Luat Guizot (Frangois Guizot dd la Bp trQdng Bd Giao due c d n g e p n g - Ministre de I'lnstruetionpublique) ve viec lap mdi ddn vi hanh ehfnh cap xa met tieu hpe, va mdt trQdng sU pham dao tao giao vien tieu hpe eho mdi ddn vi hanh ehinh cap tinh -1880-1883: Cae be luat Ferry, Bd trQdng Bd Giao dpc cdng epng thdi dd, ve viec b i t budc phd cap giao due tQ den 13 tudi (1882) va mien phf giao due (1881) theo day hpc tdn giao se bj xda bo va dQde thay the b i n g day hpc dao dufc va giao dpc cdng dan (1882) SU thie't lap cac dieu kien thuc day sU phat trien quan trpng cac trUdng dao tao giao vien tieu hpe thee luat Paul Pert 1879 Chfnh eae bp luat da dat nen mdng ed ban cho nen giao due tai Phap den tan -1989: Thanh lap eae Hpe vien Dai hpc dao tao giao vien (lUFM: Institut Universitaire de formation des maitres) thay the cac trUdng sU pham Trong mdi ddn vj hanh chfnh giao due d p vung (academie), lUFM ed nhiem vp dao tao giao vien tieu hpe, giao vien phd thdng (trung hpc cd sd; trung hpc phd thdng: tdng hdp, kT thuat hoac day nghe) cung nhu dao tao cae ed van sU pham -2008: Theo bp luat ve djnh hudng va ehUdng trinh djnh hUdng tUdng lai eua trudng hoc, den nann hpc 2009-2010 cae hpe vien dao tao giao vien (lUFM) se trd cac " trudng vien thudc trUdng Dai hpc » Chinh phu se dUa ke hoach, khung ehUdng trinh, npi dung danh gia dac tao giao vien eho cac trudng vien 't ,;; Hinh Mo hinh dao tao Giao vien thong tai lUFM tai Phap (1989- 2009) Giao vien ehinh B6 Giao due quoc gia quyet dinh chinh thire ho nhiem giao vien >< IM.^ Qua trinh xet chinh thiic se dua tren ba phan chinh cua noi dung dao tao Xet chinh thuc Natn thif hai lUFiVl GV*- Cdnjg rrvi.; • _^^\ Nam thij nhat 1WM SifibvietJ 'SW'\'^i'\ ^^ L3 L2 Noi dung dao tao bao gom ba phan chinh : - Cac mo-dun dao tao ; - Cac dot thuc tap a truong hoc (trong co mot khoa thirc tap phu trach da\' hpc toan bo mon hoc lien quan): - Viet luan \an tot nghiep \oi GV huirng dan Npi dung dao tao na\ la bat buoc doi \xn mpi thi smh triing tu\ en nam thir hai cua lUFM Tai Phap, can phai thi tuyen de tro giao vien tap su Bp Giao due va cac khu \arc hanh chinh giao due (academie) chiu trach nhiem to chiic cac ki thi tmen De vao nam thii nhal, can dua tren xet tuyen, kiem tra va/hoac phong van theo cac lUFM Tuy nhien de co the du thi tu\en vao nam thii hai cua lUFM, thi sinh khong bat buoc phai theo hpc nam thii nhat tai lUFM ma ehi can co bang cu nhan (Licence) hoac cac bang cap tuong duong Nhieu truong Dai hoc khong phai la co so dao tao giiio \ien nhung da xfiy dung cac mo-dun gicVi thieu nghe day hpc (tii nam thii hai bac cu nhan 1,2), cac mo-dun chuan bi nghe nghiep (tii nam thii bac cu nhan l,.i), va cau Iriic mot so he thong dao tao LMD \ oi dinh huong nghe da\' hpc LI 2.4 Tuyen dung giao vien Nhu vay hien md hinh dad tao giao vien eua Phap thee md hinh + NghTa la tat ca cac cong dan cd bang cQ nhan ( b i n g Tu tai dai cUdng + nam dad tad dai hpc) hoac cae b i n g tUdng duang se dUdc thi tuyen vao lUFM va sau dd dUde dae tao them nam, treng dd ed mpt nam tap sQ Hoc vien thi dd vao ki thi tuyen nam thQ hai tai lUFM se dQde coi nhu la cdng chQc hdp ddng eua nha nude va dUde tra lUdng, ndi each khac, hpe vien se b i t dau cho su nghiep day hpe euia minh tU qua trinh dao tao Noi dung dao tao n h i m cung cd tang eUdng kha nang truyen dat tri thQc, n h i m phat trien cac nang IQc nghe n g h i e p can thie't va n h a m ITnh h c i v a n h d a nghe nghiep thdng qua ki thQc tap keo dai ca nam hpc tai mot trQdng hpe cija nha nQdc Trcng nam thQ hai nay, ccng chuc tap sQ se dQPc hQdng IQdng ed b i n (nam 2008, mQc IQdng la 1310 eurd, tQc la khoang 27 trieu ddng) Mpt s d van de ve giao due phd thong d Phap va mpt sd de xuat NhQ tren da phan tich, cac nghien cQu ve he thdng giac due Phap cuia td chuc OCDE cho thay la mac du chi phi cho giao due khong he thua kem met so nQdc dang phat trien nhQng dQdng nhQ he thdng giao duo phd thdng cua Phap dang gap phai met sd van de Ket qua ki thi Pisa (tien hanh nghien cQu tai 57 nQdc, cc 30 nQdc phat trien thuoc td ehQc OCDE eho hpe sinh IQa tudi 15) ehothay ket qua cua hpc sinh Phap tUdng ddi thap, dQng thQ 17 eho men Toan va dung thu 19 cho cac men Khoa hpc Nhieu nghien cuu giao due b Phap da chi ba van de ton tai sau day: -Ti le hpc sinh tot nghiep va vad dai hpc dang giam di dang ke, d i n den sU thieu hut nhan luc cd DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 5-2009 c h a t lUdng c u a thi t r u d n g lao dpng Theo thdng ke mdi nhat thi chi ed 37% hpc sinh tct nghiep tu tai hpe tiep bae dai hpe va cd 20% hpc sinh khdng dat dUde bat ki leai b i n g cap dai hpc nao -Cd sQ khac biet qua Idn giQa cae trQdng phd thdng de dam bao sQ cdng b i n g giao due cho hpe sinh Cac trUdng d eae khu ngoai d thudng p h i i chung sdng vdi nhieu van de thudng nhat nhU bao lUc, hpe sinh nghi hpc, cd sd vat chat xudng cap NhU vay ed hpi eho sU cdng treng hpc tap d cac trudng phd thdng la khac SQ tach biet ve hpc van d i n den sQ tach biet ve mat xa hpi, tham ehfve matchijng tdc Vf dp cac trUdng phd thdng d vung san xuat rUdu vang ndi tieng Berdeaux, 20% phai tiep nhan hdn 30% hpc sinh ed ngudn gee nhap cU trcng dd % cdn lai ehi p h i i tiep nhan % hpe sinh nhap cU - C h a t lUdng g i a o d u e p h d thdng dang di xudng va so lUdng hpe sinh gap khd khan hpc tap cang tang dd ddi ngUdi ta phai thap yeu eau Dieu d i n den npi dung cac bai thi tu tai cang d l di He qua la d nam thQ nhat dai hpc ti le sinh vien phai hpe lai rat cao Vf du d cae nganh tiep nhan sinh vien ed tu tai chuyen nghiep, ti le trQOt nam thQ nhat la 95% Cac van de cung vdi yeu cau ve md hinh LMD thdng nhat cac trQdng dai hpc chau Au d i n den yeu eau can xem xet giao due phd thdng Phap, trUdc tien la thay ddi md hinh dao tao giao vien phd thdng d Phap Viee cai each dUdc b i t dau tQ nam 2008 vdi sQ tie'n hanh hdp tac giQa Bp Giao due va Bp Dai hpe va Nghien cQu va cd ba muc dfeh ehfnh sau day: -Tang cQdng eae tri thQc nghe nghiep, sQ pham va kien thQc ve he thdng Giao dpc dao tao Giao vien; -Tfeh hpp he thdng dao tao cua cac lUFM vae he thong LMD (theo he thdng tfn chi ECTS); -Tang eae gia trj eua nghe day hpe nhu tang che dp lUdng, b i n g d p , dieu kien hUu tri Dc dd dQ an e l i each se lien quan den viee dieu ehinh lai mdi lien quan giQa ndi dung dao tao va ki thi tuyen dung eung nhQ se thay ddi mdt each sau s i c sQ van hanh eua cac lUFM vi each thQc tuyen dung giao vien va ndi dung dao tao ludn g i n vdi sQ mang cua cac lUFM tQ thdi diem lap den Ket luan Phap ed Ijch sQ phat trien dao tao giao vien lau ddi, nen giao due phd thdng dQa tren tinh than binh dang, m i l n phf, phi ten giad la tien de chd mdt nen khoa hpe cd ban phat trien Me hinh dad tao giao vien cua Phap tai cac Vien dao tao Giao vien lUFM cd nhQng dieu kien dae thu vdi xa hpi Phap: sQ b i d trp eua nha nQdc, sinh vien dQde hQdng che dp cdng chQc tap sQ sau thi dd vao nam thQ hai euia lUFM Chinh quy trinh vQa h p e - v Q a l a m , l i e n he ly thuyet-thQc hanh sud't nam thQ hai nay, hdn nQa dQdc dam bao cudc sdng bdi nha nQdc da giup sinh vien ITnh hpi dQpe cac k i e n thQc e h u y e n m d n , k i n h nghiem nghe nghiep giUp va cd du tQ tin de dQng Idp b i t dau ket thuc nam thQ hai tai lUFM Tuy nhien d thdi diem hien tai, so vdi cae nQdc phat trien khac he thdng Giao due (dai hpe va phd thdng) Phap bde Id nhieu bat cap Vdi sQ thay ddi ve kinh te, npi dung dao tao, cac dieu kien dac thu ve dao tao va b i n g cap cua cdng dong chau A u , viee cai each md hinh dao tao la mdt viec lam c l n thie't va can dUde tie'n hanh dUa tren cac nghien cQu phan tfeh khoa hpe ve he thdng giao due hien hanh TAI LIEU THAM KHAO: Bp Dai hpc va Nghien cQu Cdng hda Phap, 2008, Quyet dinh No 0805693 ve cai each md hinh dao tao Giao vien Bp G i a o d u e C o n g hda Phap, 2008, Repere references statistiques sur les enseignements, la formation et la recherche Cd quan danh gia Nghien cQu va Day hpe Dai hpe AERES, 2008, Repere pour revaluation des