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Mo hinh trLPcyng dai hoc kinh doanh tru''''O''''ng hcyp Dai hoc Quoc gia Singapore TH S TRAN VIET DUNG Cung gidng nhu mdt sd nen cdng nghiep hda mdi chdu A, Singapore dang ehuyen sang chien luac dua vdo tri[.]
Mo hinh trLPcyng dai hoc kinh doanh - tru'O'ng hcyp Dai hoc Quoc gia Singapore : TH.S TRAN VIET DUNG Cung gidng nhu mdt sd nen cdng nghiep hda mdi chdu A, Singapore dang ehuyen sang chien luac dua vdo tri thirc de phdt trien kinh te, ddc biet la thuang mgi hda tri thirc de tao gid tri gia tdng cao vd cd them nhieu ca hdi vice lam mdi Mac ddu dd nhdn thirc duac vai tro cua cdc trudng dgi hoc viec bdi dudng nhdn tdi, nhung giai dogn kinh te hien nay, Chinh phu Singapore nhdn thdy cdn phai kich thich tdng trudng kinh te thdng qua cdc hogt ddng nghien ciru vd thuang mgi hda cdc ket qud nghien ciru dd, ddng thai igo dung cdc y tuang kinh doanh cho cdc sinh vien sau tdt nghiep Bdi viet ndy se lap trung dcinh gid xem trudng Dgi hgc Qudc gia Singapore (NUS), mot trudng dgi hoc hdng ddu cua Singapore dang hirdng tdi viec ket hap giira ddo tgo vdi viec kinh doanh cdc sdn pham tri lue cua minh nhu the ndo? Mot sd dac diem vc qua trinh ehuyen sang nen kinh te tri thiic ciia Singapore vdi chien luge trgng tam la ehuyen manh sang nen kinh te tri thirc vdi ba tru cot chinh Singapore dat dirge ty le tang trudng cao nhat sd cac nen kinh te cdng nghiep boa mdi (NIEs) chau A vdi GDP tang 8% sudt thap nien (1960 - 2000) Mac dau nganh cbS tao la ddng lire chii yeu cho tang trudng kinh te, lien tuc chiem ty trgng 25%) GDP, nhung sir pbiit trien ben virng d Singapore chii yeu dua vao sire manh cac ITnb vuc thuang mai liii chinh van tai thdng tin vii mdt loat die dich X u kinh doanh khac dua vao tri thiic - Che tao cdng nghe, la su ket hgp hai hda giira cdng ty Idn va cac cdng ty nhd nang ddng boat ddng theo md hinh thung lung Silicon de tao cdng nghe mdi khdng chi phuc vu cho cac nganh cdng nghiep ehe tao, ma cdn phuc vu cho cude sdng eon ngudi, nhu cham sdc sire khde Bangl, tdm tiit giai doan phiit trien kinh te cua Singapore gan lien vdi nhirng thay ddi chien luge ddi mdi qudc gia Giai doan phiit trien diic biet xuiit bien tir dau thii^Mi nien ky mdi 0;ii hoc Kinh tc, Dili hoc Quoc gia Hii Noi 44 - Cac djch vu kinh doanh dua vao nen kinh te tri thirc, tir dd ho trg cho nen kinh \k cua Singapore phat trien cac ITnh vuc kinh doanh co giii trj gia tang cao - San xuat va phan phdi san pham sang tao de pbiit trien cac ngudn lire mdi phat tri^n cac nganh mdi ddng thai tao mdi trudng d^ nudi dudng eac tai nang Nhung van de KINH TE VA CHINH TRj THE GIOI So (157) 2009 I r a n Viet Dung Bdng I: Md hinh trudng dai hoc kinh doanh Cac giai doan phat'trien cua Singapore Phat trien kinh te 1960- 1970 1970- 1980 tu-1990 trd di 1980- 1990 • Chuyen sang • Chuyen tir cdng nghiep hda mdi nen kinh te tri thirc sang nen kinh te phat trien • • Thai ky cdng Chuyen sang nghiep hda dira vao thdi ky cdng nghiep EDI va hudng ve xuat hda khau He thong doi moi quoc gia • Chu trgng tdi phat trien nang lire boat ddng ITnh vuc san xuat che tao • • Tap trung phat Tap trung nang lire dap ung va hd trg trien nang lire ddi mdi cho qua trinh phat de bd trg cho boat trier cdng nghe a trinh ddng R&D irng dung dd cao • Tap trung cac ngudn lue cho phat trien sang tao, vdn tri thirc thuang mai hda nang lire kinh doanh de phat tricMi kinh te tri thirc Ngudn: Wong Ho and Singh (2006), NUS NUS va chinh sach chuyen ddi huong toi mo hinh dai hoc kinh doanh NUS dugc lap viio niim 1905 NUS la trudng lau ddi nhat va Idn nhat Singapore vdi so sinh vien la 28.000 Trong nhirng nam gan day, sinh vien tdt nghiep tii' NUS chiem tdi 1/4 tdng so sinh vien tdt nghiep cua ca nude Theo he thong eiia cdng dong Anh, NUS lap vdi nhiem vu dAu tii;n la dao tao, sau dd boat ddng nghien cuu dugc tang eucrng NUS la trudng nghien ciiu chuyen sau nhat tai Singapore, dd nd dugc trao danh hieu trudng nghien ciiu bang ddu tai quoc gia niiy vao nam 1980 Den nam 2000, NUS da ndi Ien trudng hang dau chiiu A v^ danh tieng hgc thuiit, dugc X(3p thir 15 sd trudng dai hgc cbiiu A danh tiC^ng nhiit theo bang xep hong cua Tap chi Asia Week Niim 2005 theo xip hang ciia Phdi bao Giao due biic cao (Time Higher Education) NUS da lot vao danh siich 200 trudng dai hgc hang dau eua the gidi va dimg Nhdng van dS KINH TE VA CHINH TR! T H ^ ' G I O I SO ibii irong cac trudng dai hgc danh tieng tai chiiu A NUS cd mirc chi phi ban 165 trieu ddia Singapore mot nam cho ciie boat ddng nghien CUU Khoan chi tieu cho boat ddng R&D eua NUS chieMn 1/5 tdng iniie chi cho boat ddng R&D ciia Singapore Trudc triio luu cbu)CMi ddi md hinh ciie trudng dai hgc phuc vu cho yeu cau phiit trien kinh te - xa hdi cudi nhung nam 1990 NUS bat dau eliu)'6n dan thimh trudng dai hgc cd chirc nang kinh doanh nhu mot doanh nghiep Chiic nimg thuang mai hda cd lue dugc coi trgng ban ca ehuc niing diio lao vii hoat ddng ngbicMi ciru Su chuyen ddi thuc sir dugc thuc hien giao su Chon Fong Shib ngirdi Singapore dugc bd nhiem linn Chu tjch NUS vao nam 2000 6ng lii ngudi da dugc nhan bang tien sy hda hgc tai trutrng Dai hgc llarxard vii dii cd nhieu kinh nghiem boat ddng R&D liim vice tai Tiip doim General Electric, ddng thdi ciinu la nuu'di cd kinh nghiem quan ly giu chirc (157) 2009- 45 Md hinh trudng dai hoc kinh doanh., Trln Viet Dung Hieu trudng trudng Dai hgc Brown 6ng cho rang can phai chuyen ddi eac trudng dai hgc theo md binh doanh nghiep tri thuc toan cau de tao budc phat trien dai ban cho cac trudng dai hgc Bd phan quan trgng nhat ciia chien luge ehuyen ddi la doanh nghiep nam NUS Doanh nghiep cd nhiem vu dua nhieu hudng kinh doanh boat ddng nghien ciru \ a dao tao nham tao cac gia tri kinh te cac ngudn tri thirc tri tue ciia trudng Dudi sir kiem soat ciia doanh nghiep nam NUS van phdng cap phep cdng nghe dugc tai ca cau de than thien ban vdi cac nha sang che, de dat dugc miic tieu chung la dua nhieu sang che ciia NUS thi trudng thdng qua boat ddng cap phep cho cac doanh nghiep dang boat ddng hoac mdi lap Cac chien luge lien ket nganh eung dugc trudng dai hgc va cac nganh cdng nghiep day manh, nhd dd NUS thu hut dugc nhieu ngudn tai trg cho cac boat ddng ngbitin ciru Quy diiu tu mao hiem d mdt sd cdng ty Idn eung da dugc thimh lap de cung cap vdn cho cac giao su xii cac nha nghien cim cd mong mudn thuang mai hda san pham cdng nghe ciia minh Nhung djch vu hd trg bao gdm viec cung cap thiet bi cho cac phan vien va ciic phdng thi nghiem, hd trg vdn cho doanh nghiep ciia NUS thdi ky dau, cap vdn cho ciic sinh vien tai nang thue hien cac nghien ciru mdi Hau bet ngudn tai trg la tir chinh phii va ciie cdng ty Idn Ndi dung ca ban chien luge chuyen ddi md hinh trudng dai hgc la dua yeu td kinh doanh x'ao chuong trinh dao tao eiia trudng giiip cho sinh xien cd kien thirc ve ky nang kinh doanh, y tudng kinh doanh phuc vu cho nen kinh te tri thirc De dat dugc hieu qua boat ddng giao due kinh doanh, NUS yeu cau trung tam doanh nghiep mdi md rdng them eac khda hgc ve kinh doanh, dac biet la sinh vien ehe tao may, sinh vien kJioa hgc cdng nghe va tin hgc Nhirng kien thuc cd the giup cho sinh vien 46 sau tdt nghiep khda hgc cd y tudng thuang mai hda cac ket qua nghien cim eiia minh Nhan thirc eua sinh xien x'e boat ddng kinh doanh ia rat quan trgng dd trung tam dao tao ciia NUS da td ehuc cac cudc hdi thao, mdi cac giao su nude va ngoai nude den ndi chuyen ve kinh nghiem boat ddng kinh doanh Ngoai ra, trung tam cung thudng xuyen td chirc cac dien dan dua y tudng x'e cdng nghe mao hiem, tir dd phat trien mang ludi hgp tac nghien eiiu giiia cac doanh nghiep vai NUS, Quang ba eac boat ddng dao tao va nghien cuu ciia NUS eung dugc xem la mdt nhiem vu quan trgng ciia trudng Giam ddc NUS cho rang thdi dai toan cau hda, khoa hgc ludn ddi mdi, nhieu ngudn lire dugc hinh cd vi tri chii chdt tao lap nang lire canh tranh qudc gia va NUS phai ed vi tri quan trgng Nhu vay NUS phai cd chinh sach quan ly \'a hoat ddng theo kieu canh tranh toan cau Cac chinh sach dd la thu hut sinh vien nude ngoai tdi hgc tap tai NUS mdi cac giao su gidi d cac trudng dai hgc tren the gidi tdi NUS, thay ddi che tra luang, lip dung cac tieu chuan danh gia chat lugng dao tao cua die dai hgc danh tieng d My Mdt sang kien mdi ma NUS de la xay dirng chuang trinh dai hgc theo chuan mirc qudc te nghTa la dua ban vao cac chuong trinh ciia die trudng dai hgc danh tieng nude ngoai Chuang trinh dirge thuc hien bdi doanh nghiep eua NUS, thdng qua viec lira chgn mot sd sinh vien dai hgc cd nang lire kinh doanh, sau dd giri sang thuc tap tai doanh nghiep boat ddng ITnh vuc cdng nghe cao d khap the gidi vdng nam Chuang trinh la sir thir nghiem cho sinh vien hgc hdi kinh nghiem kinh doanh, nhd qua trinh thue tap d cac cdng ty cdng nghe cao d nude ngoai, mdt mat tiep thu tri thiic kinh doanh, mat khac tim hieu nhirng dac diem van hda kinh doanh cua hg Chuong trinh khdng by vgng sinh vien cd the boat ddng kinh doanh mao hiem tdt nghiep, ma nham mue dich trang bi cho sinh Nhung van de KINH TE VA CHINH TRI THE GlOl So (157) 2009 I r a n Viet Dung Md hinh trudng dai hoc kinh doanh vien kien thire kinh doanh, dk khuxSn khich sinh vien hudng tdi thuang mai hda cac kk qua nghien ciiu Cac kien thirc thu dugc, ciing giiip cho sinh vien hieu dugc boat ddng kinh doanh cdng nghe cao d nude ngoai, hoac giup cho sinh vien cd ca hdi lam viec tai eac cdng ty cdng nghe cao nude ngoai ddu tu tai Singapore Chuang trinh da ma cac kenh lien ket kinh doanh tai thung liing Silicon ciia My nam 2002 tai trung tam cdng nghiep Thugng Hai nam 2004 tai Stochom niim 2005 tai Bangalore nam 2006 Hgp tac ITnh vuc hgc thuat dugc trien khai vdi nhieu trudng dai hgc doi tac a nude ngoai nhu Dai hgc Stanford a thung king Silicon Dai hgc Phuc Dam Thugng Hai Vien Cdng nghe Hoang gia d Stochom, .Mot so ket qua ban dau dat daoc tien trinh chuyen sang mo hinh dai hoc doanh nghiep ciia NUS Tac ddng ciia qua trinh dich chuyen sang md hinh dai hgc doanh nghiep tai Singapore da tao nhiing thay ddi Idn viec thu hiit tai nang tir nude ngoai ma rdng lien ket giira NUS xdi doanh nghiep vii thuong mai cac san phiim cdng nghe cac ket qua cu the dugc md ta boi Bang Bdng 2: Nhung thay ddi ciia NUS trudc va sau chuyen sang mo hinh dai hoc doanh nghicp Cac tieu chi nghien ciiu Nam tai chinh 1996/97 Nam tai chinh 2004/05 Sd lugng giao vien 1,414 1.765 Ty le giao vien nude ngoai (%) 39.0 51.9 Sd can bd nghien ciru 843 1.087 Ty le ngudi nude ngoai (%>) 70.1 78.6 Sd sinh vien dai hgc 17,960 21.761 Sd sinh vien sau dai hgc 4,478 6.461 Ty le sinh vien sau dai hgc {%) 20.0 22.9 Ty le sinh vien nude ngoiii (%) 13.0 27.6 Tdng chi phi cho nghien ciru (trieu ddia Singapore) ~ 165.2 Ty le ciic nganh cdng nghiep cap (%) - 12 Tdng sd du an dugc cap vdn 1.751 1.841 So lugng die nghien ciru dugc cdng bd 4.949 6.470 34.7 42.0 13 124 Sd bimg Sling che dugc cap 51 Tdng so bang siing che^ USPTO va IPOS cap 30 311 Ty le cac bai dang tap cbi (%) ; ; ; Sd lugng dan xin cap bang sang che Ngudn: US Paten and Trademark of/ice (USPTO) Inlellecliial Propely o/Singapore (IPOS) Nhiyng van dS KINH TE VA CHINH TR! T H ^ G l O l So (157) 2009- 47 Tr4n Viet Dung Md hinh trudng dai hoc kinh doanh De thay rd han ket qua chuyen ddi md binh trudng dai hgc doanh nghiep chiing ta di sau phan tich va danh gia eac ITnh virc boat ddng sau: - Hogt ddng cdp bdng sdng che Sd lugng hd sa xin cap bang sang che tang tir dudi mirc 50 nhiing nam 1997 - 1999 Ien ban 100 vao nam 2004 Sd lugng bang sang che dugc cap cung tang rd ret thdi ky 2000 2004 dat khoang 30 sang che mdt nam so xdi mirc 13 bang sang che mdt nam giai doan 1997 - 1999 Vdi 162 bang sang che USPTO ciia My cSp den nam 2004 NUS tra chii the Idn thu' khu vuc nam giii cac bang sang che My cap, tang tir 3% giai doan 1990 - 1994 len 4,6% giai doan 1995 - 1999 va 5,1% giai doan 2000 2004 - Hogt ddng cdp phep sir dung hdng sdng chi' • Thuang mai hda ciic ket qua nghien ciru dii cd budc phat IrieMi an tugng tir nam 2000 trd di Nam 2004 NUS da ky dugc 239 hgp dong cap phep cdng nghe vdi ciic doanh nghicp sd dd cbi cd 1/4 hgp ddng dugc thuc hien vao nam 2000 sd cdn lai nam giai doan 2000 2004 Hiiu bet cac hgp ddng eiia NUS lii ky vdi die cdng ty thuong mai xii ciic cdng ly mdi lliiinb liip cua NUS sd edn lai lii ciic hgp ddng dugc ky xdi ciic ca quan chinb phu xii cac vien nghien ciru Chinh siich cua ciic doanh nghiep Iruii'ng ciing cd nhirng thay ddi diing ke Tir mini 1980 dk^ mini 2004 cd 82 cdng ty thimh liip, sd dd cd tdi 2/3 sd cdng ty dugc thimh lap sau niim 2000 Hoat ddng cua die cdng ly tiip trung chu yeu xiio viec thuang mai hda nbu'ng phat minh sang che cua NUS Sd lugng ciic cdng ty ciia NUS dugc lap x'dng mdt niim la - cdng ty, so vdi My, nbjp niiy x im cdn ihiip - ('dc nghien ciru cdc nganh cdng nghiep lai Iro' 48 Ty le ngan sach ehi cho hoat ddng R&D d NUS cac nganh cdng nghiep cap tang nhanh nhirng nam gan day, dat ty le \2% nam 2004 Mae dau ty le thap so vdi MIT ciia My, nhung da cao han mot sd trudng dai hgc danh tieng khac ciia My va cua Anh - Thu hilt tdi ndng tir nude ngodi Hoat ddng thu hut sinh vien nude ngoai va tuyen dung cac can bd giang day, nghien cim tir cac trudng dai hgc nude ngoai ciia NUS dugc xem la khau dot pha quan trgng, sd lugng va chat lugng ddi ngu na)' tang Ien nhanh qua cac nam Tir nam 1996 den nam 2005 ty le sinh vien nude ngoai tdng sd sinh vien ciia Singapore dii tang gap ddi tir 13% Ien 27%, ddng thdi can bd nhan vien la ngudi nude ngoai cung tiing tir 39%) Ien 50%o cac khoa, ty le can bd nghien ciru la ngudi nude ngoai tang tir 70% Ien 80%) Sd sinh vien nude ngoai nhap hgc tai NUS tang cbi phi phai tra re ban, cac trudng dai hgc tai Anh, My, nhung chat lugng dao tao lai khdng thua kem Luang cao, mdi trudng tu hgc thuiit, Iii nhung yeu td thu hilt dugc sd lugng Idn nhan tai tir khap nai tren the gidi den NUS de giang day, nghien ciru va dam nhiem ciic cdng viec quan ly NUS Cling Idn manh, xii'ng dang dugc xep thir hang cao danh sach cac trudng dai hgc dang cap qudc te Ket luan Nghien ciru trudng hgp NUS cho thay, trudng dai hgc da thay ddi ve chat ke tir nam 2000 chuyen tu' mot trudng dai hgc truyen thdng la giang day vii nghien ciru sang boat ddng thuang mai hda tri thuc thdng qua cac boat ddng xin ciip bang sang che cap phep cho die doanh nghiep sir dung phat minh sang ehe Dieu dd chua the khang dinh ehae chan rang, NUS chuyen sang md hinh dai hgc doanh nghiep ed the thu dugc Igi ich kinh t(} ximg dang hay khdng? Nhu chung ta da thiiy, nhieu trudng dai hgc a My ed quy md idn ban, da tao Nhung van de KINH TE VA CHINH TRj THE GlOl So (157) 2009 I r a n Viet Dung dung dugc mdi lien ket hgp tac vdi cac nganh cong ngbiC'p, nhung cung phai trai qua mdt thdi gian dai ddi mat vdi nhieu khd khan mdi cd ket qua nhu Md hinh dai hgc hudng tdi doanh nghiep eua Singapore la mdt thi du diSn hinh, khang dinh rang d mdt qudc gia nhd thi viec thu hut tai niing tir nude ngoai, hgp tac vdi cac trudng dai hgc danh tieng d nude ngoai n^n kinh tl md ciia, toan cau hda la xu hudng tat ylu Ty le ngudi nude ngoai lam viec tai NUS la mdt trudng hgp ngoai le so vdi tieu chuan ciia cac trudng dai hgc khu vuc Ddng A, tham chi la ca vdi cac trudng dai hgc cua Anh, My Dieu dd the hien nang lire canh tranh thu but nhan tiii tren pham vi toan chu eiia NUS Nang lire dd dugc xem la mdt dac diem quan trgng cho bSt Md hinh trudng dai hoc kinh doanh ky md binh trudng dai hgc doanh nghiep nao d cac nen kinh te cdng nghiep hda mdi Thu nghiem mil NUS da trai qua vdi viec dua chuang trinh kinh doanh giang day cho sinh vien d cac nganh cdng nghe cd the trd chi dan ddi vdi nhilu trudng dai hgc khac dang mudn trang bj eac kiSn thirc kinh doanh cho nhiing sinh vien cd dau dc kinh doanh va thich mao hiem Cac phuang phap giang day trudc day chi chii y tdi chuyen mdn hda cdng nghe ma khdng ebii y tdi boat ddng kinh doanh se khdng the mang lai hieu qua cho mot nen giao due xu the ma cira Bdi le thj trudng lao ddng ciing nang ddng, nen kinh te tri tbiic ddi bdi sang tao, boat ddng kinh doanh phai nhay ben thi ky nang kinh doanh cSn phai dugc niing cao vii cd vj tri quan trgng han* Tai lieu tham khao: I Etzkoxvitz, Henry, Andrew Webster, and Cbrisliane Gebhardt (2000): The Future of the University and the University of the Future: Evolution of Ivory Tower to Entrepreneurial ,, •• •• Paradigm, Research policy 29 Wong, Poh-Kain (2002): From Using to Creating Technology: The Evolution of Singapores's National Innovation System and ihe Changing Role of Public Policy In Competitiveness, FDI and Technological Activity in East 4sia Wong, Poh-Kam and Zi-Lin He (2005): A Comparative Study of Innovation Behaviour in ^, ^,, Singapore 's KIBS and Manufacturing Firms Serxice Industries Journal 25, 2005 Wong, Poh-Kam, Yuen-Ping Ho and Annette Singh (2005): Singapore as an Innovative City in East Asia: An Explorative Study of the Perspectives of Innovative Industries Policy research Working paper 3568, World Bank, 2005 National Unixersity of Singapore Entrepreneurialsbip Centre, Singapore (2006): Toward an Entrepreneurial University Model to Support Knowledge-based Economic Development: The Case of the National University of Singapore Working paper Anetter Singh (2005): The National System of Innovation in Singapore In Small Economy Innovation Systems: Comparing Globalization Change and Policy in Europe and Asia Nhdng van de KINH TE VA CHiNH TR! THE GIOI Sd (157) 2009- 49 ... kinh doanh x''ao chuong trinh dao tao eiia trudng giiip cho sinh xien cd kien thirc ve ky nang kinh doanh, y tudng kinh doanh phuc vu cho nen kinh te tri thirc De dat dugc hieu qua boat ddng giao... hgc hdi kinh nghiem kinh doanh, nhd qua trinh thue tap d cac cdng ty cdng nghe cao d nude ngoai, mdt mat tiep thu tri thiic kinh doanh, mat khac tim hieu nhirng dac diem van hda kinh doanh cua... trudng dai hoc kinh doanh ky md binh trudng dai hgc doanh nghiep nao d cac nen kinh te cdng nghiep hda mdi Thu nghiem mil NUS da trai qua vdi viec dua chuang trinh kinh doanh giang day cho sinh