JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci , 2009, Vol 54, No 8, pp 166 172 M O T SO D A C DifeM HOAT D O N G C H d l C U A T R E M A U GIAO K H I 6 M T H I N H Biai Thi Lam Trudng Dai hoc Su pham Hd[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2009, Vol 54, No 8, pp 166-172 M O T SO D A C DifeM H O A T D O N G C H d l C U A T R E M A U GIAO K H I M T H I N H Biai Thi Lam Trudng Dai hoc Su pham Hd Npi Md dau Chdi Id mOt hdat dOng phQc tap, linh boat vd dQpc xem nhu la boat ddng quan trpng n h i t ddi vdi sQ phdt triin cua tre ndi chung vd tre khiem thinh ndi rieng Td chQe trd chdi che tre la mOt nOi dung vO eung quan trpng, vi chpi la heat dOng cd t h i sQ dung nhQng mdi trudng da dang, tao ed hOi cho sQ tUdng tac vd giao tiip xa hpi vdi ban eung trang IQa, lam gia tdng kha ndng hpc tap inOt each tQ nhien vd mOi trQdng boa nhap, co t h i tao nin tang eho sQ phat trien cdc kl nang vui ehoi cung nhu tao su hao hQng cho tre em Mat khde, ehoi edn la mOt chien iQpc can thiep d i dat dQpc cac muc tigu phdt triin ve mat xa hpi cho tre nhu giao tiep, ngdn ngQ va nhan thQc Vai trd eua trd ehdi ddi vdi sQ phdt trign vi the chit, nhan thQc, ngdn ngQ, tinh cim xa hOi cua tre khiim thinh da dupc khdng dinh Tuy vdy, cdc nghign cQu vi boat dOng ehoi eua tre khiim thfnh vd hudng d i n tre khiim thinh ehoi chua dupc ' quan tdm dung mQe e i vi li luan va thQc tiin Di td ehQe dQpc boat dOng ehdi cho tre khiem thfnh, trQdc h i t c i n hiiu rd vi ehdi, nhung ddc diim boat dOng ehdi cua tre khiem thfnh, ehoi d tre khiim thinh khac biet nhu t h i nao vdi ehoi cua tre em binh thudng? Tai cd su khac biet dd? Ddy la nhung cau hdi ma cac nha nghign cQu vi boat dOng ehoi ciia tre khiim thinh luOn mong mudn tim dupc cau tra ldi Noi dung nghien cufu Trong nhQng ndm qua, cae nghien cQu da dua nhiiu ngudn thong tin da dang ve heat dOng ehoi eua tre khiim thfnh Cac nghien cQu vi ehoi eua tre khiim thfnh diu dua din kit luan: Heat dpng chPi cua tre khiim thfnh cd nhung thieu hut so vdi tre nghe binh thudng cung dp tudi nhu ve mQc dO phdt triin trd ehoi, ki nang ehoi, quan he tUPng tac vdi cac ban ehoi va cd mdi quan he giQa mQc dO phdt triin ngOn ngQ vdi mQc dO phat triin trd ehoi cua tre khiim thfnh 166 Mdt sd ddc diem hoat ddng chai cua tre m,du gido khiim thinh 2.1 MiJc p h a t trign hoat dong chdi Trong nghien cQu vi trd ehoi cua tre em eung nhu treng thQe tiin gide due, nhiiu nQdc tren the gidi da van dung each phdn leai eua S.SmUansky (1968) vi su xuit hien lin lupt cua cac leai tro ehoi cjud trinh phdt triin cua tre dd la: Trd chai thao tdc chiic ndng (Functional play), Trd chai xdy dung (Constructive play), Trd chai ddng vai (Pretend play) va eudi eung la Trd ehoi co luat (Game with rules) [2] Ap dung each phan loai cdc nghign cQu tro ehdi eua tre khiim thhih che thiy tre khiim thinh thudng dat duoc miic dp phdt trien chai thdp hOn so vdi tre em ciing dp tudi Cdng trinh nghien cQu eua Kretsehmer, Riehart R, da quan sat, theo ddi 71 tre khiim thfnh vd 71 tre nghe binh thudng tudi m i u gidd d t i t c i cac mQc dp diie chpi, phdn tich 142 dean bdng vd so sdnh giQa hai nhdm tre che thiy tre khiim thfnh t h i hien hdnh vi ehoi kham phd thdng qua vige sQ dung cdc gidc quan nhiiu hdn sd vdi tre em nghe binh thudng, cu thi la sd lin sQ dung gidc quan di ehdi khdm pha eua ede tre khiim thfnh d phut thQ nhdt Id 64 va phut thQ 15 cua budi ehdi la 42, kit q u i trgn cdc tre nghe binh thirdng la 37 vd 11 Giai doan chdi khdm pha vdi cac tro chdi thad tdc cliQc ndng va ehdi xay dung d tre khiim thinh eung keo ddi sang dO tudi m i u gide thay vi ehi phat triin d dO tudi nhd tre nhu tre nghe binh thudng Khi quan sat tre khiim thinh - tudi cd diic tQ mQc dO diic vQa din diic sau ehoi Idp m i u giao hod nhap, chung tdi thu dupc kit qua la t i n sd trung binh tre chpn chPi trd chdi xdy dung la va chdi trd chdi ddng vai la 3, nhu vdy sd lin tre chpn chpi xdy dQng gip 2,5 lin sd lin tre chpn chPi ddng vai va kit qua la tre khiem thinh cung ddnh thdi gian eho trd ehdi xdy dung nhiiu hdn Trong do, t i n sd chdi hai leai trd ehdi ndy d tre nghe binh thudng la vd Kha ndng quan sat bdng mdt va bdt chudc tdt cung hd trp che tre khiim thinh ehpi trd chdi xdy dung vd day cung dupe cei la trd ehoi phat huy dupc nhiiu diim manh cua tre khiim thinh Thee ddi qua trinh ehoi cua tre khiim thinh cung cho thiy, ddng vai ed chu d i Id tro ehoi trung tdm cua tre miu giao, thi thdi gian tre khiim thfnh chdi ddng vai ehi chiim 1/3 thdi gian chdi cua tre K h i ndng chdi cua tre khiim thinh t h i p hdn sd vdi tre nghe binh thudng cdn dupe t h i hien d viec sQ dung vat thay the Viec sQ dung vdt thay thi thi hien mOt trinh dO phat triin n h i t dinh vi Unh vuc nhdn thQc eua tre treng trd ehdi Su thiiu vdng vat thay t h i cdc trd ehdi cua tre khiim thfnh da dupc Darbyshire, Singer va Lenahan phat hien treng nghign cQu vi nhdn thQe treng tro choi cua tre khiim thfnh (do tudi tQ din tudi), sau dupe Selmi vd Rueda [4] chi va dupe khdng dinh nhiiu nghign cQu vi tro ehoi cua tre khiem thinh sau TQ cac dac diim trgn cd the nhdn thiy ring, tre khiim thfnh cd xu hudng chdi cdc trd chdi ft ddi hdi sQ tap trung chu y va tuong tdc vdi cdc tre khde, treng 167 Bui Thi Lam tre binh thudng thi ngupc lai, tre chdi cae trd chdi d mQc dO chdi phQc tap 2.2 N o i d u n g chdi ' ChPi la boat dOng thi hien kinh nghiem cuOc sdng cua tre, eac trd ehoi diu cd ndi dung la nhQng trii nghiem cua tre em vi cuOc sdng xung quanh Vdi tre khiim thinh, so luang trd chai cua tre duac ghi nhdn Id it han, mat khde npi dung phdn dnh cdc trd chai thudng dan gidn hdn so vdi tre nghe binh thudng cimg dp tuoi Chung toi cung da tien hdnh quan sat va thdng kg sd lupng trd chdi cua tre khiim thinh va tre nghe binh thudng 12 lin choi d Idp miu giao hda nhap, kit qui eho thiy trung binh tre khiim thinh ehoi trd chdi dd 3/5 tro ehoi thuOe nhdm trd choi lap ghep - xay dung va chpi vdi vat lieu tao hinh, ngupc lai sd trd choi trung binh d tre nghe binh thudng la va cung chi ed 3/9 trd ehdi thuOc nhdm trd choi Idp ghep - xay dung va choi vdi vat lieu tao hinh Tre khiim thfnh eung tham gia vao trd choi md phdng, nhung sd lupng trd choi mO phdng ma tre khiem thfnh choi chi la treng d tre nghe binh thudng la 6, nhQng trd choi nhQ bdn hang, lam cO giao, khdng xuit hien trdng qua trinh ehung tOi quan sat tre khiim thfnh chdi , , • , A40t ddc diim khae vi nOi dung choi cua tre khiem thfnh ma cac nghien cQu cua Kretsehmer (1972), Higginbetham va Baker (1981), Brown, Riekards va Jeanes (1992) ehi la cdc trd choi ma tre chdi thudng don gian, ft thiet lap eac tinh hudng ehdi mdi vd tre It ehdi nhdm trd choi ddng vai hdn so vdi tre nghe binh thudng, choi trd ehdi xay dung mOt minh thi tre khiem thinh thich hon ea Cac nOi dung choi eua tre khiim thinh thudng phin anh mdi quan he giQa ngQdi vdi dd vat hdn la eae mdi quan he phQc tap giQa eon ngQdi vdi .: Nghien cQu vi sQ ludn phien trd choi ddng vai cua tre khiim thfnh d IQa tudi miu gido, cdng trinh cua Selmi k Rueda (1999) cung da cho thiy, "Cimg vdi su Idn lgn vi dO tudi thi nang md phdng vai ehoi, hanh dOng, dd choi cung tdt hdn, nhien nang thiet lap tinh hudng mdi choi d tre khiim thfnh la rit hiem thiy" [4] 2.3 M i q u a n h e tLfdng t a c t r o n g q u a t r i n h c h d i Trong trd chdi cua tre em cc rat nhiiu mdi quan he nen cd thi nhiiu tre tham gia d ede mQc khac Hen nQa, choi tre thQdng mo phdng eac boat dOng gin gui cuOc sdng nhu: rdt nudc, udng nude, diiu rit thuan lpi eho eac tre khiim thinh tham gia vao trd ehoi Tuy vay, moi quan he tuang tdc chai thudng it gap a tre khiim thinh Id tre cd xu hudng thich chai mpt minh han, it tuang tdc vdi cdc ban chai 168 Mdt so ddc diim hoat dong chai eua tre mdu gido khiem thinh Mot so tac gia nghien cQu vi trd ehdi eua tre khuyit tdt gin ddy [2, 5] cung da khdng dinh, khde vdi tre binh thudng, tre khuyit tat ndi chung vd tre khiim thinh noi rigng thudng xuygn tiip xuc vdi ngudi cham sde hdn la vdi cdc ban cung trang IQa, ddc bigt d IQa tudi nhd tre Ddc diim cung ed inh hudng din mdi quan he tUdng tae giQa tre vdi ban cung trang IQa tham gia vao Idp miu gido Mdi quan he tuong tac giua cae tre em qua trinh ehoi dupe chia theo cae mQc dO la chdi mOt minh, chdi canh ban, ehdi theo nhom vd chdi eung Tre edng Idn cang gia tdng tinh phQc tap vi quan he xd hOi Din dO tudi miu gidd tre em da cd the ehdi theo nhdm vd ehdi cung Tuy nhign, nghign cQu vi quan hg tQdng tdc giQa tre khiim thinh vdi vd vdi tre binh thudng treng ehdi cho thiy ed mOt sd diim khde bigt treng sQ phat triin quan hg tUdng tdc chdi Mac du d dO tudi m i u gido nhung tre khiim thinh ddnh nhiiu thdi gian chdi mOt minh hon la chdi thed nhdm hoac choi cung ede ban khde, diiu ndy d tre nghe binh thudng thi ngUpe lai Mat khde, tre khiim thinh cung thudng chpn cdc trd chdi dOc lap hdn Id eae trd chdi ed sQ phdi hpp Day la nhQng kit q u i nghign cQu da dupc Likewise, Mann (1985) khdng dinh nghien cQu trgn tre khiim thinh vd tre nghe binh thudng (36 - 72 thdng tudi) Mdt ddc diim khae vi tUdng tac xa hOi cua tre khiim thinh trd ehdi Id nhom chdi cua tre khiim thinh ft bin vUng hdn vd tad It tuong tdc xd hOi cdng hdn so vdi nhdm tre nghe binh thudng Trong nghign cQu vi trd chdi xa hOi trgn 156 tre binh thudng va 26 tre cd nhu ciu dae biet tQ 22 din 61 thang tudi, dd cc tre khiim thinh, Cciise, LeslieJ.; Clawsen, Mellisa A (2000) cho thiy cdc tUdng tae choi x u i t phat tQ tre binh thQdng chiim 46% thdi gian ehdi, cac tUdng tdc chdi x u i t phat tQ tre khiim thinh ehi chiim 20%) Mat khde tre khiim thfnh it chu dOng tham gia vdo eae nhdm chdi, ddc bigt la cac nhom ehdi eung tre nghe binh thudng, eae nhdm choi eua tre khiim thinh cung tri dupe treng khoing thdi gian ngdn hdn Cdng trinh nghien cQu eua Kretsehmer, Riehart R (1992) eung cho thiy chdi trdng nhdm, tre khiim thinh boat ddng nhiiu hdn so vdi tre nghe binh thudng d mOt sd mat nhU: van dOng, di chuyin, cim nam vd tUdng tae vdi bin than Hay ndi each khac la tre khiim thinh di chuyin, cim nam dd vat vd tUdng tac vdi chfnh minh thudng xuygn hdn sd vdi tre nghe binh thudng 2.4 Kl n a n g giai quyet cac t i n h hudng chdi KI nang giai dp phdt triin heat vi ngdn ngQ eung thfnh Do dd, mOt quyit tinh hudng treng qua trinh choi cd mdi quan he vdi mQc dOng ehoi vd nhQng hiiu biit vi t h i gidi xung quanh SQ ban chi d i n din sQ ban ehi ve vdn sdng va kinh nghiem eua tre khiim ddc diim ndi trOi kl ndng giai quyit tinh hudng 169 Bui Thi Lam choi la tre khiim thinh thudng kem han so vdi tre binh thudng viec the hien y tudng cua minh cung nhu viec gidi quyit cdc tinh huong chai, nhat la tham gia vao trd ehdi ddng vai Tre khiem thinh gap nhiiu khd khan giao tiep, each diin dat cua tre khdng chuyin tii h i t nOi dung ehdi, vi vay, ehoi tre phii sQ dung dd vat de t h i hien y tudng eua minh Treng mpt sd tinh hudng ehoi, tre khiem thinh khOng hiiu dupc y ban vd cung khd bay td dupc y tudng cua minh, vi vay cac xung dOt qua trinh choi cd t h i xiy Quan sat vd thdng ke treng 12 budi choi cua tre khiem thinh eho thiy: ed lin trgn 16 tinh hudng choi giQa tre khiim thfnh vd tre binh thQdng ed xung dOt choi, treng dd ehi ed lin tren 16 tinh hudng tre khiim thuih choi vdi cd xung dot choi K i t q u i ndy eho thiy tre khiim thinh choi cung tre nghe binh thudng xung dOt choi xay nhieu bon tre khiem thinh cbpi vdi Diiu cang cho t h i y vai trd cua ngdn ngQ va giao tiip qua trinh sinh vd giii quyet cac xung dOt ehdi cua tre khiim thfnh Ki ndng giii quyit cae tinh hudng chdi cd sQ khac giQa nhdm tre khiim thinh sQ dung cac phQdng thQc giao tiip khac Diiu da dupc Cornelius va Hornett [3] phat hien nghien cQu hanh vi chdi ddng vai eua 20 tre khiim thfnh d IQa tudi m i u giao Trong sd dd cd 10 tre sQ dung ngdn ngQ giao tiip bdng each dpc hinh mieng va 10 tre sQ dung phupng thQc giao tiip bdng kl hieu va dpc hinh mieng; mQe dO gia nhap xa hOi trd chdi cung dupc chia loai Kit qua nghign cQu eho thiy cd sQ khac giQa nhdm vi mQc dO boa nhap xa hOi vd sd lin ehdi ddng vai Nhdm tre sQ dung ki hieu va doe binh mieng thi kha nang hoa nhap xa hOi vdo trd ehdi nhiiu hdn vd tre thfch tham gia ehdi ddng vai bdn so vdi nhdm tre khdng sQ dung ki hieu ma chi dpc hinh mieng giao tiip Khi choi nhdm, tre khiim thinh eung da cd nhung thay ddi hanh vi Qng xQ d i dQpc chip nhdn cac nhdm choi vd tri trd choi Va diiu cung xay vdi c i nhQng tie nghe binh thudng hai nhdm tre chdi eung Nhu vay, c i hai ddi tupng tre da ed sQ diiu ehinh d i cd t h i choi cung tdt hdn 2.5 M d i q u a n h e giiJa chdi va n g d n ngiJ Mdi quan he giQa trd choi vdi ngOn ngQ va nhan thQe eua tre khiim thinh da dupc luan giai cdc cOng trinh nghign cQu eua Spencer, Darbyshire, Schirmer, Yeshinaga-ltano Christine [6], Ngoai chQng minh mdi quan he giQa choi va ngon ngQ, eac cdng trinh ndy khdng dinh chdi la mOt dang boat dOng cd tac dung r i t Idn treng viec phdt triin ngdn ngQ cho tre khiim thinh Trd choi luOn tao cae tinh hudng tQ nhien d i tre giao tiip, tro chuyen, Idng nghe ngudi khde ndi va khuyin khfeh tre tfch cue hoa vdn tQ cua minh d i tra ldi, trinh bay y tudng Khi 170 Mdt sd ddc diem hoat ddng chai cua tre m.du gido khiem thinh ddng nhQng vai khac se giup tre hpc dupe vdn tQ pheng phu, khdm phd y nghia eua tQ nhQng tinh hudng eu thi Cae nghign cQu vi trd choi cua tre khiiin thfnh eung da eho thiy cd mdi qua,n he ddng ke giUa ngdn ngU dien dat ciia tre khiim thinh vdi linh viic nhdn thUc trd chai mo phdng cua tre Kit q u i nghign cQu eua Vygotsky (1978) cho thiy kha ndng ngdn ngu eua tre khiim thfnh va viec sQ dung vdt thay t h i choi cd mdi quan he vdi vd sau dd dupc Casby vd McCormack (1981) chQng minh bdng thQC nghiem [1] Cac nha nghign cQu eung nhin manh ring nhQng ehdm tri hoac khac thirdng hdnh vi choi cua tre khiim thfnh la kit q u i tQ sQ cham tri vi ngdn ngQ Cae kit qua nghign cQu cua Casby vd McCormack; Yoshinaga-Itano Christine, Snyder, Lynn S, Day Diane [1,5] eho thiy miic dp phdt triin ngdn ngii diin dat cd mdi quan he ddng ke vdi dp ddi vd s?/ phiic tap cua trd chai Tre vdi mQe dO ngdn ngu diin dat cao hdn (khdng tinh din tinh trang nghe) ddnh nhiiu thdi gian che mQc ehdi cao hdn Hdn nQa trdiig mdi quan he eung thi hien mdi tUdng ciuan dae biet giQa ngdn ngQ va trd ehdi ddng vai, ngdn ngQ cua tre cdng phat trign thi thdi gian ddnh che chdi ddng vai edng tang va trd chdi cua tre cung phQc tap hdn Mdt khac, chdi cung la bdi einh d i tre sQ dung ngdn ngQ, niOt tre biit giao tiip bdng nhQng cum tQ thi tre cd thi kit hpp cdc cum tQ dd vdo qud trinh choi Nhu vdy, so vdi tre nghe binh thudng eung dO tudi, boat dOng ehoi eua tre khiim thinh phat triin chain hPn, nOi dung chPi dPn giin hpn vd it thiit lap dupe cac tinh hudng chci mdi, tre ft tUPng tae hPn vdi ban chdi, Nguygn nhan chu yiu cua nhung dae diim la de nhQng khd khdn treng giao tiip va ngdn ngQ, mat khae su ban chi hiiu biit vi t h i gidi xung quanh eung din din sQ phdt trign ehdm hdn vi trd chdi NhQng khd khan vi giao tiip vd tQdng tdc dd din din tre khiim thfnh tim each trdnh chdi tuong tdc va thich chdi mOt minh hdn NhQng khd khdn lam eho tre khd cc the tham gia vdo ede trd ehdi ddi hdi sQ hpp tdc cua ban chci Thue t i cho t h i y rdng, thdi gian choi ede trd chdi xa hOi cua tre khiim thinh se tdng theo k h i ndng hod nhap xa hOi eua tre Ket luan Viec td chQe hQdng din che tre em choi cin phii dQa trgn chinh dae diim hoat dOng chdi eua tre Mac du chdi cua tre khiem thinh dupc biit la khde biet nhung hien vin r i t it cac nghign cQu vi viec hudng din tre khiim thinh chdi NhQng nghien cQu ehi sQ khde bigt vi ehdi eua tre khiim thinh se vdi tre nghe binh thudng da ddt ygu ciu rieng qud trinh cham sde gido due tre khiim thinh, tre cin dupe hd trp ddc biet d i hpc each ehpi, chQe ndng ma tre binh tliQdng cc t h i tiip thu dupe mOt each d i dang vd khdng cin sQ hudng din tQ bgn ngoai, 171 , Bui Thi Ldm can cd nhQng chi d i n cho giao vign vi td chQc ehdi cho tre khiim thfnh, dac biet xu the giao due bed nhap hien TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O , [1] Casby, MW and McCormack, S.M, 1985 Symbolic play and early communication development in hearing impaired children Journal of communication disorders Vol 18, 67-78 [2] Collette Drifte, 2002 Early learning goal for children with special needs: Lea,rning through play David Fulton Publisher, London [3] Cornelius, G and Hornett, D, 1990 The Play Behavior of Hearing-Impaired Kindergarten Children American Annals of the Deaf, Vol 135, No 4, 316-21 [4] Selmi, A., k Rueda, R, 1998 A naturalistic study of the collaborative play transformations and metacomm.unicati.ons of preschoolers who are hearing impaired Journal of Early Intervention, Vol 21, No 4, 299-307 [5] Susan Mistrett, Shelly Lane, Amy Goetz, 2000 Assisting Families in Creating Play Environments for Children with Disabilities Let's Play Project, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York [6] Yoshinaga-Itano Christine, Snyder, Lynn S, Day Diane, 1998 The Relationship of language and symbolic play in children with hearing loss, Velta Review, Vol 100, Issue ABSTRACT Some characteristics of play for pre-school pupils vi^ith hearing i m p a i r m e n t s Play is a diverse and flexible activity that is viewed as central to the normal development of children and hearing impaired children during their initial years Through analyzing literature and observing differences have been seen in the playing of non hearing impaired pupils and hearing impaired children in terms of play level, quantity, contents, expressing ideas, problem solving, social interactions and sustainability of playing groups Remarkably, the expressive language of hearing impaired children has been influenced by the length and complexity of the playing These differences have emphasized the importance of support that need to be provided to hearing impaired children while playing; also for teachers who work in inclusive settings need help te be able to organize effective playing activities 172 MUC LUC Nguyen HiJu Hau, Tap luyen cho hpc sinh boat dOng lign tudng vd huy dOng kiin thQe qud trinh chiim Unh tri thQe todn hpc Chu C a m Thd, Trang bi phupng phdp kich thich tU gop phin ndng cae kl nang nghe nghiep cho sinh vien ehuyen ngdnh sU pham Toan 14 DUdng X u a n Quy, Chi tao thiit bi thi nghiem tdng hpp hai dad dOng diiu hda dung day hpc Vat II 12 d trirdng THPT 23 Dang Thi Oanh va D a o Thi PhUdng Diep, Phan tieh kit q u i ddnh gid chit lupng chupng trinh dae tao cQ nhan khoa hpc Hda hpc trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ha NOi 28 P h a m N g o c Thifdng, MOt sd bien phdp sQa ldi chinh dm, chinh t i cho hpc sinh dan tOc Nung 42 N g u y i n T h a n h Binh, Ren luyen ky ndng dpc hiiu eho hpc sinh treng day hpc tdc phim van chuPng d trudng trung hpc phd thdng 47 Trinh Thi Lan, Nang cao nang luc tu che hpc sinh treng gid hpc dpc hiiu truygn ki dan gian d trudng phd thdng bdng edch van dung ngdn ngQ hpc vdn ban 54 ^• Le Quang HUng, Mue tigu, sim phim giao due vdi viec xay dQng vdn hda hpc dQdng d trQdng trung hpc phd thdng hien 61 Nguygn Thi Ha, Xay dQng chuong trinh chi tiit thf diim mdn Vdn hda vdn minh My thed tinh t h i n Iiy ngUdi hpc ldm trung tam 70 Dang Van Dufc, U'ng dung cdng nghg thdng tin treng dae tae gide vien chit 77 lupng cao d khoa Dia II trudng Dai hpc Su pham Hd NOi Kieu Van Hoan, ChQe ndng eua da phupng tign treng Atlas giao khoa dien tQ 83 N g u y i n Van Khoi, Qui beach dpi ngu can bO Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi din nam 2012 90 Le Thi Nhung, Bien phdp quan II sQ dung tai chfnh che heat dOng thQe tap 100 SQ pham eua sinh vign trudng Dai hpc Su pham Hd NOi Khankeo P h i p h a t s e r y , Quan If phdt triin dOi ngu gido vign trung hpc phO thdng tinh Xaynhabuli nude CHDCND Lao 107 N g u y e n T h a n h Binh, Co so khoa bpe cua yeu ciu ddi vdi dao dQc giao vien Viet Nam hien 116 P h a n Trong N g o , Tiip can he thdng nghien cQu tu sang tao eua ca nhdn 124 N g u y e n Vii Quoc Hitng, Thiet ke va xay dung bai giing dien tQ theo phuong phdp ehuong trinh hda • 130"^ Le M i n h Thanh, Xdy dQng mdi quan he giQa Vat If va Tin hpc 138 P h a m K h u y n h Diep, PhQOng thQc soan gido dn bai day thQe hanh nham nang cae chit lupng day hpc 147 N g u y i n Vii Bfch Hien, Nghign cQu xdy dung thang danh gid bai tap nghien cQu khoa hpc eua sinh vien ehuyen nganh quan If giao due 154 P h a m Bfch Thuy, Gia dinh vd thue trang ehQe ndng giao due t h i he tre 161 Biii Thi Lam, MOt sd ddc diim boat dOng choi cua tre mau giao khiem thfnh 167