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rai n Mpt so kinh nghiem kfch thich thai dp hpc tap tich circ cho sinh vien TS BUI THI MUI TrQdng Dai hpc C ln Thd Thdi dai hien nay la thdi dai sieu cdng nghiep vdi dac di im ehung la each mang khoa[.]
rai -n Mpt so kinh nghiem kfch thich thai dp hpc tap tich circ cho sinh vien TS BUI THI MUI TrQdng Dai hpc C l n Thd T hdi dai hien la thdi dai sieu cdng nghiep vdi dac diim ehung la each mang khoa hpe, ky thuat va each mang xa hdi phat triin cQc ky nhanh N i u nhQ nhQng nam thap ky 70 cua the ky XX, tri thQc nhan loai tang g i p ddi theo chu ky nam, thi den chu ky dd ehi edn nam SQ phat trien nhQ vu bao cua xa hdi, nhat la cua each mang khoa hpe, ky thuat-edng nghe hien khiin npi dung hpc v i n nghi nghiep giao duc-dao tao dai hpc khdng ngQng dQdc ddi mdi, dQde hien dai hda TQ thQc t i dd n l y sinh mau thuIn giQa khdi IQdng tri thQc va thQc hanh nghi nghiep npi dung hpc v i n ma sinh vien (SV) d n n i m vQng cang cang nhiiu hPn, phQc tap hdn dd thdi IQdng hpc tap eua SV qua trinh day hpc khdng t h i tang HQdng giii quyit tich cQc mau thuan da va dang dQdc thQc hien giao duc-dao tao dai hpc hien la ddi mdi phQPng phap day hpe nhim tich cQc hda boat ddng hpc tap cua SV, kfch thfeh SV cd thai dp hpc tap tfeh cQe de dat tfeh cao hpc tap va ren luyen nghi nghiep I.Thai flg hoc tap tich ci/c cua SV Thai dp hpe tap tfeh cQc cua SV la sQ huy dpng d mQc dp cao cac chQc nang tam ly (sQ tap trung ehu y; nhu d u , hQng thu hpc tap; cac pham chit dao dQc; cac pham chit trf tue; eae pham chat t h i chat ) d i giup eho viec hpe tap dat hieu q u i Thai dp hpe tap tfeh cQc the hien dac trQng d sQ tap trung chu y va nhat la d hQng thu cua SV ddi vdi ddi tQPng hpc va ddi vdi viec hpc Cho nen, kich thich SV tfeh cQc hpc tap tQc la kfch thfeh sQ tap trung chu y cuia SV, lam cho hp cd hQng thui hpe tap, y thQc dQde hpe nghi la nhu c l u , la niim vui va cung la traeh nhiem cua ngQdi SV TQ dd SV se chu dpng, tich cQc, chuyen d n hpe tap, biit tim each khic phpc khd khan d i hpe tap tdt Thai dp hpc tap tich cQc cua SV du'dc coi la d i i u kien, ddng iQc thuc day qua trinh hpe nghi t i i n bd TQ nghien cQu d u true cuia qua trinh day hpe dai hpe, cac nha tam ly, giao due hpe eho rang cac yeu td I n h hQdng d i n thai dp hpe tap tich cQc cua SV bao gdm: mdi trQdng hpc tap; yeu d u , nhiem vp hpe tap; ndi dung hpc tap; giang vien, dae biet la phUdng phap day hpc cua giing vien va tQ chinh nhan each dQde giao due, ren luyen cuaSV Tren cae giang dudng dai hpe, thai dp hpe tap cua SV sao? Hp ed tich cQc hpc tap khdng? Chung tdi da tQng cd nhQng nghien cQu nhd v i van d i nay, Mdt nhQng phQdng phap nghien cQu la sQ dung phiiu quan sat gid hpe de thu thap thdng tin v i thai dp hpe tap tich cue cua SV Chung tdi da sQ dung phiiu quan sat thai dp hpc tap cua SV cac ldp hpe tai trudng Dai hpc Can Thd trUde ehUdng trinh dad tao dUde ehuyen ddi sang he thdng tin ehi (trong nhQng Idp ma phudng phap chui y i u dQpe sQ dung la phUPng phap thuyit trinh va k i t q u i hpe tap dUdc danh gia chi qua mdt d i i m sd dd la diim thi hit mdn) Dpa vao nhQng biiu hien cua thai dp hpe tap tfeh cQc diin eae tiit len Idp, phiiu quan sat gid hoc du'dc thiet k i nhu sau: DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 8-2009 Phieu quan sat gio" hoc Truong: Mon: Bai: : Lop: Tilt: T/gian Chi so tinh ti'ch CLTC hoc tap cua sinh vien tronq tiet hoc (phut) D A B C 0-5 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 5-10 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 10-15 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 15-20 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 20-25 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 25-30 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 30-35 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 35-40 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 40-45 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 12345678910 Ghi chu Ghi chii: - phiit danh gia mot lan bang each khoanh tron mot so lura chon (mot cac so tir so den solO) - Cac so tir den 10 chi so phan tram cac muc tich cue hoc tap cuia SV cac tiet len lop , ,: - Cac chi so ABCD lan luot chi cac muc do: -I- A chi muc tap trung chii y cua SV gio hoc, bieu hien qua nhiing hanh vi cho thay muc hoan cac nhiem vu hoc tap va cac yeu cau cua giao vien hoc tap -I- B chi muc cam xuc cua SV giof hoc, bieu hien qua hanh vi boc 16 su thich thu, soi noi, hang say hoc tap cua ho ' -I- C chi cac hanh vi bieu hien muc tham gia ciia SV vao hoat dong hoc tap: trinh bay, tranh luan, de xuat van de, thac mac, cau hoi -I- D chi cac hanh vi bieu hien tam the (muon hoc, thich hoc, ham h o c ) cua SV hoc tap Ngay thang nam • J'-* Nguai ghi Xu ly thong tin thu dugc tir nghien cuu dugc ket qua thong ke the hien bang Thai hgc tap cua SV duoi day: ;•; q u i Bang Thai hoc tap ciia SV Thdi gian (phut) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 Chi so tinh tich ci/c hoc tap tiet hoc B C A D 4.5 6.0 6.5 6.5 5.5 4.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.0 DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 8-2009 3.5 5.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 3.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.0 •\ x\A Phan tich b i n g tren cho thay: Trong cae t i i t hpc b i n g phUPng phap g i i n g day va danh gia truyin thdng, cac chi sd chi tfnh tfeh cue hpe tap cua SV d i u dat d mQc trung binh va dudi trung binh Trong cac t i i t hpc nay, sd SV cd bieu hien chui y thQc sQ vao bai giang cua giang vien va mpt sd boat dpng hd trd khac la 50%, 50% sd SV cdn lai ed nhQng bieu hien chUa tap trung ehu y Sd SV ed b i i u hien d m xue tfeh cue chiim 44%, chiu tham gia thQc sQ vao qua trinh hpc tap 42% va cd ve hQng thtJ ddi vdi viec hpe45% Quan sat cac t i i t hpe tren Idp cho t h i y b l u khdng tam ly Idp nhin chung la tram hoac dn ao mat trat tQ nhat la vao d i u hoac cudi tiet hpc dac biet d nhQng Idp ddng SV va SV thupe nhiiu chuyen nganh khac Nhin ehung sd SV thay cup tiet tUdng ddi cao (trung binh khoang 30%), cd budi len d i n 40-50% d nhOng Idp ddng SV, SV nhiiu ehuyen nganh khac cung hpc mdn hpc va hpe d hdi trUdng Tdm lai, eung vdi cac thdng tin v i thai dp ciia SV hpe tap thu dUde qua eae phUdng phap nghien cQu khac, ed the khang dinh nhin chung cae t i i t hpc truyin thdng SV vien ehua tich CQe hpc tap Cho nen viec tim kiem each thQc kich thfeh thai dp hpc tap tfeh cQc cho SV la mpt yeu c l u d p bach giao duc-dao tao theo he thdng tfn ehi d cae trudng dai hpc hien IVIgt so kinh nghiem kich thich thai flo hgc tap tich ci/c cho SV Lam de SV tich cdc hoc tap mdn hoc? La mpt giao vien giang day mdn Giao due hpcmdn nghiep vu sUpham, vieecd nhQng bien phap kich thi'ch thai dp hpc tap tfeh cQc cho SV vd cung quan trpng ThQ nhit, kfch thfeh thai dp hpc tap cho SV n h i m tao ddng iQc thiic day SV hpc tap dat hieu qua ThQ hai, kich thi'ch thai dp hpc tap tich CQc cho hpc sinh, mdt khau logic ciia qua trinh day hpc, la mpt cac npi dung k i i n thQc nghiep vp sU pham ma giao sinh d n n i m vQng TQ y thQc dQdc tam quan trpng cua viec kich thich thai dp hpc tap tich cQc eho SV qua trinh day hpe va cac yeu td anh hudng den thai dp hpe tap tfeh cQc ciia SV, giang day mdn hpe tdi thudng nghien cQu Qng dung mpt each phdi hdp cac bien phap kich thich SV hpe tap tich CQc DQdi day xin chia s i mdt sd kinh nghiem ca nhan 2.1 Bien phap tac ddng len thai hoc nghe mdt each tich cdc td tiet dau tien cua mdn hoc la cue ky quan T i i t d i u tien ciia mdn hpe, cae giing vien thudng danh it phut d i lam "thii tuc" gidi thieu b i n than va gidi thieu khai quat v i mdn hpc trUde vao bai hpc d i u tien Tdi thudng danh tiet cho "thii tue" va bd tri bai md dau chUdng trinh giang day mdn hpe Cach thQc d i i u khiin hai tiit hpc dUde tdi t i i n hanh nhU sau: Sau chao Idp va eho SV ngdi xudng tdi nhanh chdng lam quen vdi Idp hpe b i n g nhQng cau hdi: Cac em thudc ehuyen nganh nao? Bao nhieu em thudc chuyen nganh dd? Hay tQ gidi thieu b i n than (hoac cac ban nhdm nganh cua minh) vdi cae ban khac (hoac nhdm nganh khac) Idp NhQng cau tra Idi se cho tdi biit Idp minh giing day bao gdm nhQng, SV thupe ehuyen nganh nao, budc dau eho hp lam quen vdi rdi tQ dd nhanh chdng chuyen sang eau hdi trpng tam: Sau trd giao vien, t i i t len Idp dau tien ciia mdn hpc, trudc vao bai hpc dau tien ngUdi giao vien nen lam gi? Vdi cau hdi nhU vay, cau t r i Idi cua SV thudng la: giao vien gidi thieu ban than, gidi thieu mdn hpe Sd ft tra Idi: lam quen vdi hpe sinh, Tdi chdt lai hai boat ddng "gidi thieu" va "lam quen" tren b i n g va sQ dung boat ddng vdi ddng tQ "lam quen" bang nhQng cau hdi t i i p tuc: -VQa rdi lam quen vdi ai? Tdi hdi, -Giao vien lam quen vdi SV SV dap Dung giao vien lam quen vdi SV, Tdi khang dinh (va tdi vach mdt mui ten xuat phat tQ ddng tQ lam quen d i n cum tQ thQ nhit: "vdi nhau"), -Cd nen eho hpe sinh lam quen vdi giao vien khdng? Tdi hdi t i i p , -Cd SV t r i Idi -Cac em mudn b i i t gi v i cd? Cd the hdi ed ba cau vdi cau dan dd vui nhd dQng de mat d i i u Qdc nao nhe (vi da tQng cd trQdng hdp thay vi dat cau hdi lam quen vdi giao vien, ed SV da dat cau hdi lam quen vdi mdn hpc) Sau gidi thieu b i n than b i n g each t r i Idi ba cau hdi eua SV, tdi tiep tuc ve mui ten d i n cum tQ thQ hai: "vdi mdn hpc" Ddi vdi boat ddng lam quen vdi mdn hpc, tdi cho SV t h I o luan nhdm (hai SV ban tren quay xudng hai SV ban dudi) vdi cau hdi: N i u eho hpe sinh hdi v i mdn hpe va viee hpc mdn hpc thi eae em thudng ed nhQng cau hdi nao? (yeu c l u : ghi ten cac vien nhdm va cac cau hdi len g i l y rdi thdi gian phut) Phan tich, tdng hpp nhanh thdng tin thu dQdc tQ s i n pham boat ddng euia eae nhdm, tdi hoan t i t sd dd tren bang v i boat ddng lam quen nhQsau: DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 8-2009 G\^ ±HS V6l NHAU HS5=^HS LAM QUEN y VOI MON HOC - ^ BAY CAU HOI l.'Ten mon/vi du: Toan hgc" la gi? 2.Tai phai hgc mon nay? 3.Qua trinh hgc tap mon can dat dugc nhung yeu cau nao? 4.Hgc mon thi hgc cai gi? 5.Lam de hgc tot mon nay? 6.Co the hgc mon tix nguon tai lieu nao? 7.Cach danh gia ket qua hgc tap sao? Sau dd tdi t i i p tuic: - Cung SV trao ddi ve cau hdi tren ddi vdi mdn Giao due hpc va viec hpc mdn Giaoduc hpc - Chi cho SV thay n i u dung each gidi thieu ve mdn hpe thi giao vien se gidi thieu cho hpc sinh nghe v i mdn hpc b|ng each t r i Idi l i n IQdt tQ cau hdi sd d i n cau hdi sd sd dd tren - Va dat them van d i : Vay thi nen eho hpc sinh "lam quen" vdi mdn,hpc hay nen "gidi thieu" mdn hpe? Vi sao? Vdi caeh lam nhUvay, tQ tiit d i u tien eua mdn hpc tdi mudn tao b l u khdng khf tam ly cdi md, than tinh ban dau giQa giang vien-SV, giQa SV-SV; Cling SV thIo luan de y thQc dQdc bQc tranh tdng quan ve mdn hpc, ve nhQng ddi hdi, nhQng thda thuan giQa giing vien va SV ddi vdi viec hpc b i n g mdt loat cae v i n de: Giao due hpe la gi? Tai nen nghien cQu Giao duo hpc? Ai nen nghien cQu Giao due hpc? Trong qua trinh hpc tap mdn Giao due hpc d n dat dUdc nhQng muc tieu/yeu d u nao? ChQdng trinh mdn Giao due hpc bao gdm nhQng npi dung nao va ke hoach thQc hien sao? Nen hpc nghe qua hpc mdn Giao due hpe nhU the nao eho tdt? Nen hpe mdn Giao due hpc tQ nhOng ngudn thdng tin nao? Cach danh gia k i t qua hpe tap mdn Giao due hpc sao? Ngoai SV sU pham se la ngudi giao vien DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 8-2009 tQdng lai, tdi mudn hp hay dat minh vao hai vi t h i : - Vi t h i la mpt SV (ngUdi hpc) - Vi t h i la mpt giao vien (ngudi day di dU gid) mdi t i i t len Idp d dai hpc (du dd la tiet hpc mdn nao) NhQng bien phap kfch thi'ch thai dp hpc tap tfeh oQc cho hp se la nhQng minh hpa, nhQng bai hpc sQ pham sinh dpng de hp rut kinh nghiem va van dung hdng d i nhOng nhQng bien phap kfch thfeh thai dp hpc tap tfeh cQc cho hpc sinh c d hp sau 2.2 Nghien cdu dng dung phdi hdp cac phddng phap, phddng tien va hinh thdc to chdc day hoc tren Idp la mot dieu cdc ky cin thiet Vdi xu the hpi nhap v i giao due hien nay, kinh nghiem v i day hpc tfeh oQc cd the tim kiem dQdc tQ nhiiu ngudn thdng tin khac mpt sd trudng dai hpc cd t i i m nang v i hdp tac qudc te (vi du dai hpc C l n Thd), cac giing vien ed nhiiu cd hpi tiep can vdi eae phUdng phap day hpc tich cUc tQ nhQng hpi thao ctia eae dQ an hdp tac qudc t i ve phUdng phap day hpc Tham c h i t i i p can nhiiu lan vdi cac chuyen gia cua nhiiu nude cung mpt v i n d i day hpc tich cQc, DQdc tham dQ nhQng hpi thao nhQ vay tdi coi dd la cd hpi va chi la mdttrong sd nhQng cd hdi (cung gidng nhu tim kiem dUdc nhQng trang sach, nhQng trang web v i van de dd) de t i i p can vdi phQdng phap giang day tich cQc, Cdn nhQng kinh nghiem dd cd trd ciia minh hay khdng, trd cua minh nhU t h i nao thi lai phai trai qua qua trinh nghien cQu Qng dung chinh boat ddng giing day cua minh, d trQdng minh, tren dat nQdc minh Vdi quan diem nhU vay, qua trinh giang day mdn hpe cua tdi g i n liin vdi qua trinh nghien cQu Qng dung nhQng kinh nghiem tien tiin giang day va biertsoan tai lieu phuc vu eho giang day mdn hpc theo hudng tfeh cQc Trong giing day tdi khdng eoi phQdng phap, phQdng tien hay hinh thQc td chQc day hpe nao la dpc tdn, mdi phQdng phap, phQdng tien hay hinh thQc td chQc day hpe d i u ed nhQng t h i manh ddng thdi cung ed nhQng d i i m y i u Cho nen viec iQa chpn, sQ dung phdi hpp cae phQdng phap, phQdng tien va hinh thQc td chQc day hpc tren Idp dQdc tdi coi la CQC ky d n thiit Cae can cQ de iQa chpn van dung phQPng phap, phQdng tien hay hinh thQc td chQe day hpe mdn hpc thQdng la: tac dung eiia mdi phQPng phap, phQdng tien hay hinh thQc td chQc day hpe; mue tieu mdn hpc; npi dung/chudng trinh day hpc mdn hpe; cd sd vat chat, phUdng tien ky thuat phue vui cho day hpc mdn hpe; dae d i i m SV Idp hpe va kha nang sQ dung phUdng phap, phUPng tien hay hinh thQc td chQc day hpc eiia ban than Tdi nghT viec danh gia k i t q u i hpc tap mdn hpc n h u t h i nao la y i u td kich thich va d i i u ehinh thai dp hpe tap tich cUc cho SV Cach thQc danh gia kit qua hpc tap mdn Giao due hpc da dUde thdng nhit vdi SV nhU sau: 50% d i i m sd che danh gia thudng xuyen dd 25% diem sd cho bai kiem tra, 25% diem sd eho nhQng s i n pham ciia nhQng hoat ddng ca nhan va nhdm d i i n tren Idp Cdn 50% diim sd cho bai thi h i t mdn Ddi vdi 25% diem sd danh gia qua s i n pham, mdi budi hpc tdi se thu va xQ ly nhanh mdt san pham (td gily rdi ghi ten eae vien nhdm va ghi kit qui thIo luan cua nhdm d p h l n tren la mdt vf du), Cach lam cd hai tac dung chinh: mdt la phue vu cho ehfnh qua trinh giing day tren Idp (giup tdi cd thdng tin phan hdi v i k i t qua hpc tap eiia SV d i diiu khiin kjp thdi, phu hdp qua trinh giing day tren Idp Hai la, tQ ten ciia SV ghi tren s i n pham, tdi cd the q u l n ly dUde sQ d i n Idp cua SV ma khdng d n mat thdi gian diem danh tren Idp TQ each quln ly tdi n i m kha tdt tinh hinh hpe tap ciia SV (dii Idp hpc cd sT sd kha ddng) Day eung la cP sd de tdi khuyin khich SV v i thai dp hpe tap, du chi la mdt ky thuat nhd nhU dpc ten t i t ca cac SV ed d l y du nhQng s i n pham hpc tap (cung tQc la ed mat tren Idp d l y dii) va neu ten sd SV hay nhdm SV ed s i n pham dat k i t q u i tdt Trong thdi gian qua, tdi tap trung nghien cQu Qng dung ed hieu q u i mpt sd phUdng phap day hpc tich CQC nhQ day hpc tinh hudng, hudng d i n SV tim tdi, tra cQu thdng tin, td ehQc thIo luan, lam viec nhdm Ngoai san pham hpc tap thu dupe tQ nhQng budi lam viec tren Idp, tdi khuyin kich SV lam s i n pham tQ boat ddng tQ hpe b i n g tim tdi, tra cQu thdng tin SV cae Idp hpc mdn Giao due hpc bao gdm nhiiu chuyen nganh khac nhau, de phat huy kha nang, nhit la k h i nang chuyen mdn cua hp, tdi gdi y d i hp tQ xac dinh chii d i , van d i va dang s i n pham the hien, vf du nhu bai luan, bd sUu tap, trang website,.,De khuyin khich, diem sd eua s i n pham cd the sQdung d i thay t h i eho diem thi h i t mdn, hoac diem sd cua bai kiim tra giQa ky n i u SV mudn Tim kiim each thQc kfch thi'ch thai dp hpe tich cQc eho SV la mpt qua trinh ddng hanh vdi qua trinh giang day mdn hpe, Dd eung ehfnh la bieu hien eiia thai dp tfeh cQc giing day eua giang vien vdi mong mudn SV Viet Nam, nhat la SV sQ pham Viet Nam hay tfeh cQc hpc tap, hpe nghi sQ pham de trd ngQdi ky sQ tam hdn dat tQdng lai \ ^-'M' DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 8-2009 \ ... tap tfeh oQc cho hp se la nhQng minh hpa, nhQng bai hpc sQ pham sinh dpng de hp rut kinh nghiem va van dung hdng d i nhOng nhQng bien phap kfch thfeh thai dp hpc tap tfeh cQc cho hpc sinh c d hp... ThQ nhit, kfch thfeh thai dp hpc tap cho SV n h i m tao ddng iQc thiic day SV hpc tap dat hieu qua ThQ hai, kich thi''ch thai dp hpc tap tich CQc cho hpc sinh, mdt khau logic ciia qua trinh day... vdi mdn Giao due hpc va viec hpc mdn Giaoduc hpc - Chi cho SV thay n i u dung each gidi thieu ve mdn hpe thi giao vien se gidi thieu cho hpc sinh nghe v i mdn hpc b|ng each t r i Idi l i n IQdt