NGirdi DO DAI KHOA VA BAI THI TIEN SI THÔ I LE TRINH DINH K H A C THUAN ( • ) Ndi din thdi Le Trjnh la ndi den thdi ky chiia Trjnh tdn tai ddng thdi vdi vua Ld cung dieu hanh dat nude Thdi ky nay nam[.]
NGirdi DO DAI KHOA VA BAI THI TIEN SI THO^I LE - TRINH DINH N di din thdi Le - Trjnh la ndi den thdi ky chiia Trjnh tdn tai ddng thdi vdi vua Ld cung dieu hanh dat nude Thdi ky nam ggn hai thi ky XVll va XVIII Day la hai thi ky kha quan trgng vdi nhieu sy kien chinh trj, kinh te, van hda xa hdi ndi bat De cung cd dia vi thdng tri va cai quan dat nudc, trieu dinh da hdt siic chu trgng den phat trien van hda va giao due Bai viet bude dau de cap TT Tinh/Thanh phd KHAC THUAN (•) den ngudi dd dai khoa va bai thi Tien sT thdi Le - Trjnh Ngiroi dd dat Ngudi dd dat dugc gidi thieu d day la ngudi dd dai khoa cae ky thi Hdi thdi Le - Trinh (hay thdi Le Trung hung) sy so sanh vdi thdi Le so va thdi Mae, dugc thdng ke qua tai lieu Ddng khoa lue Ten ggi tinh, phd bang sau thugc ve don vi hanh chinh trude Ha Ndi md rdng (2008) Le so Le Trung Tdng cdng (1426-1527) (1533-1778) Mac (1527-1592) 45 117 I Ha Ndi 87 150 237 Bae Ninh 156 90 246 Hai Duong 215 91 112 Ha Tay 135 94 306 229 Hda Binh Hung Yen 83 65 148 39 Bac Giang 16 22 Hai Phdng 52 59 26 24 45 '** PGS.TS Vien Nghien curu Han Ndm 38 NGUOI DO DAI KHOA VA BAI THI TIEN SI THOI LE - TRINH Quang Ninh 10 Thai Binh 39 11 Nam Dinh 12 Ha Nam 13 25 64 20 23 15 38 10 20 28 Ninh Binh 14 VTnh Phiic 53 17 70 17 15 Phu Thg 16 18 16 Thai Nguyen I 17 Tuyen Quang 18 Thanh Hda 47 107 154 19 Nghe An 41 50 20 Ha TTnh 41 46 87 21 Quang Binh 2 22 Thtra Thien-Hue 1 774 1779 Khdng rd Tdng edng 1005 Nha Le Trung ttr nam 1533, song sudt ttr thdi gian den nam 1592, ehu yeu boat ddng ttr Thanh Hda trd vao phia Nam, cdn kinh dd Thang Long va vung phy can phia Bac deu nha Mac eai quan Chi sau dep duge nha Mae va chidm lai Thang Long vao nam 1592, nha Ld mdi ehinh thiie khdi phye lai eae boat ddng eua vuong trieu nha Le, dd ed viec td chuc giao dye va thi ctr Nho hgc Tuy nhien, nhflng nam thang chua chidm lai dugc Thang Long, nha Le eung da td ehirc mdt sd khoa thi de chgn ngudi cho bd may ehinh quyen cua hg Cy the la da td chirc dugc ky thi Hdi, lay dd ca thay 50 ngudi Trong sd nhiing ngudi dat nay, ed 21 ngudi que d Thanh Hda, sau dd la Ha TTnh 12 vj, Nghe An vj 484 Theo sd lieu d bang tren, thi sd ngudi dd dat cao nhat thude thdi Le so (1005 vi), thdi Le - Trjnh (774 vj, thdi nha Mac (484 vj) Thdi ky la thdi ky thinh nhat ciia giao dye va khoa ctr Nho hgc d nude ta Cung theo sd lieu tren, thi dja phuong ed ngudi dd dat eao nhat thude ve tinh Hai Duong (306 vj), tiip dd la Bae Ninh (246 vi) Ha Ndi (237 vi) Ha Tay (229 vj), Thanh Hda (154 vj) Ha TTnh (87 vj), VTnh Phue (70 vj) Thai Binh (64 vj), Hai Phdng (59 vj), Nghe An (52 vi) Nam Djnh (38 vi) Sd lieu eho thay Thang Long Ha Ndi va eae viing phy can thude tu trin nhu Hai Duong, Bae Ninh, Son Tay, eung vung dat ed truyen thdng khoa bang mien Trung nhu Thanh Hda, Ha TTnh va Nghe An Cac dja danh 39 TAP CHI HAN NOM SO (95) - 2009 hanh chinh trdn la don vi hanh chinh gan day, nhung neu d vao giai doan nha Le thi chu ydu thudc ve eac tran Id nhu Hai Duong (bao gdm tinh Hai Duong, Hai Phdng, mdt phan cua dat Quang Ninh va Hung Yen nay), Kinh Bac (bao gdm tinh Bac Ninh, Bac Giang va mdt phan thudc tinh Hung Yen, ngoai Ha Ndi); Son Tay (bao gdm dia phan tinh Ha Tay cfl, VTnh Phiic, Phii Thg); Son Nam (bao gdm mdt vimg dat phia nam Thang Long nhu Ha Nam, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, mdt phan dat Hung Yen); Thanh Hoa (bao gdm tinh Thanh Hda nay), Nghe An (bao gdm tinh Nghe An va Ha TTnh nay) Dieu hoan toan phu hgp vdi dac diem chinh tri, kinh te va xa hdi thdi Le vdi kinh dd Thang Long va vimg phu can lam trgng, cimg vimg Thanh Hda, que huong va dat phat tieh nha Le, dat Nghe - TTnh, nhat la Ha TTnh ed truyen thdng khoa bang va hieu hgc Trong sd nhflng ngudi dd dat dudi thdi Le - Trjnh, ed khdng it nhan tai, ttmg rang danh nudc nha nhu Le Quy Ddn, Ngo Thi ST, CCing phai kl din ngudi Hgi nguyen khoa thi Hgi dau tien eiia thdi Le Trung la Nguyen Van Giai, ngudi lang ieh Mau, huyen Can Lgc (Ha TTnh) Ong sinh nam Giap Din (1554), mat nam Mau Thin (1628), dd ky thi Hgi nam 1580, nha Le cdn dang xay dung lue lugng d Thanh Hda Ong lam quan den chirc Tham tung, Thugng thu Bd Lai, tude Le Quan edng va la ngudi ed edng Idn viee bao ve ehii quyln quoc thd, ich nude lgi dan Ngoai ra, edn ke din nhirng biet tai van chuong khae duge menh danh la "Trudng An tir ho"''' Dd la nhung ngudi CO phong each tai van la: nhat Quynh 40 DINH KHAC THUAN (Nguyen Quynh), nhj Nham (Nguyen Nham), tam Hoan (Nguyen Cdng Hoan la bd Nguyen Ba Lan) va tir Tuan (Thugng thu Le Anh Tuan) Ngoai cdn cd "An Nam Tir dai tai", hay "Tir hd" la Nguyen Ba Lan, Ngd Tuan Canh, Nguyen Tdng Quai, Nguyen Trae Luan Trong dan gian, edn luu truyen cau ehuyen rang: Vao nhflng nam nien hieu Long Diic (1732-1735), d lang Cd Am huyen VTnh Lai cd Nguyen Tan mdi 14 tudi ma van ehuong da limg lay chdn trudng dc, la mdn nhan ctia mdt vj quan Idn nao dd Anh ta cung vdi Nguyen Ba Lan va hai ngudi ten la Khe va Toai (hai ngudi khdng khao duge hg) ciing dugc ggi la "Trudng An tii hd" Trong gidi sT lam cd eau: "Khe Tan Lan Toai" Bay gid dng Dd Huy Ky''^' d xa Tham Cdc cdn trd da Tham hoa, thudng rat tu phy ve van ehuong Mdt hdm nha Qude hgc binh van, dng quan Idn ng khen tai hgc eiia Nguyen Tan hit ldi Dd cdng khdng phue, xin duge dg tai bang each cung ngdi trdn chieu lam van rdi dua tridu hdi de binh Rdt cudc quyen cua Nguyen Tan cung dugc luu ma quydn ctia Dd cdng cflng duge luu Dd edng cimg trung each ky Hdi thi vdi dng Nguyen Ba Lan*-" Sau Quang Van dinh bang, Nguyen cdng no luc dge sach dd vao Dinh thi Bay gid dng Truong Hfln Dieu''*' d Xuan Canh chua dd, dua bao Nguyen edng rang: Van dng ngang vdi van ddi Han, vide gi ma phai vat va the Nhiing eau ehuyen tuong ty nhu vay xuat hien khdng it dan gian, cho thay tai hgc van va khdng hgc thuat kha sdi ddng thdi bay gid NGUOI DO DAI KHOA VA BAI THI TIEN SI THOI LE - TRINH Bai thi Tien si Sd ngudi dd dai khoa nhu neu tren la rat Idn, song cae bai thi eua hg thi hau nhu edn luu lai khdng nhilu Mdt sd bai van thi Hdi, thi Dinh tieu bilu duge chep lai mdt sd sach Han Ndm Tdng hgp sd lieu eae tai lieu Han Ndm, ed the xae lap duge sd lugng bai van sach dinh ddi hien cdn qua cac sach Le trieu Hdi thi dinh Stt Khoa thi Nam ddi sdeh vdn ^ 1^ -f i^t./^ ?t II X , ki hieu A.3026/1-3 va Le trieu Hdi vdn tuyin I ^ I ^ ^ X i t , ki hieu VHv.335/15 Ngoai cdn mdt sd doan chep mdt sd bai van sach dinh ddi khae nhu sach Le trieu ddng long vdn tuyen, ki hieu A.529 va A.2602 Chung tdi budc dau lap danh myc cae bai van sach dinh ddi thdi Le - Trjnh nhu sau: Ngiroi bai thi Ki hieu sach Quy Hgi, VTnh To thu' 1623 Phiing The Trung A.3026/1 Quy Miii, Phiic Thai thu 1643 Nguyen Nang Thieu VHv.335/4 Tan Siru, VTnh Thg thir 1661 Dang Cong Chat A.3026/1 Dinh Miii, Canh Trj thii' 1667 Nguyen Quan Nho VHv.335/4 Giap Tuat, Chinh Hoa thu 15 1694 Ngo Cong Trae A.2819/1 Dinh Suu, Chinh Hoa thir 18 1697 Nguyen Quyen A.2819/1 Canh Thin, Chinh Hoa thir 21 1700 Nguyen Hieu A.2819/1 Quy Mtii, Chinh Hoa thir 24 1703 Nguyen Tri Cung A.2819/1 Binh Tuit, VTnh Thjnh thu 1706 Do Cdng DTnh A.2819/1 10 Canh Dan, VTnh Thjnh thir 1709 10 Nguyen Dong Lam A.2819/1 11 Canh Dan, VTnh Thjnh 11 Pham Khiem Ich VHv.335/5 12 At Miii, VTnh Thjnh thu' 11 12 Nguyen Cong Thai A.2819/1 13 Biii ST Tiem A.2819/1 14 V u C o n g T l A.2819/1 15 Nguyen Cdng Hoan A.2819/1 16 Nguyen Tdng Quai A.2819/1 17 Nguyen Dire Ddn A.2819/1 13 14 Mau Tuit, VTnh Thinh 14 Tan Stm, Bao Thai thu' 1715 1718 1721 15 Giap Thin, Bao Thai thu' 1724 18 Chu Nguyen Lam A.2819/1 16 Dinh Miii, Bao Thai thir 1727 19 Dang Cdng Dien A.2819/1 20 Nguyen Dire VT A.2819/1 21 Vu Kham Than A.2819/1 22 Nguyen Ba Lan A.2819/1 23 Tran Danh Ninh A.2819/1 24 Tran Le Lan A.2819/1 17 Tan Hgi, VTnh Klianh thir 1731 41 DINH KHAC THUAN TAP CHI HAN NOM SO (95) - 2009 18 Quy Siru, Long Dire thir 19 Binh Thin, VTnh Huu thir 1733 1736 25 Nhir Trgng Dai 26 Nguyen Ho Hiep VHv.335/5 27 Nguyen Hanh A.2819/1 28 Nhir Dinh Toan VHv.555/4 29 Trin Ba Tan VHv.335/5 30 Trjnh Tue A.2819/4 20 Ky Miii, VTnh Huu thu 1739 Nguyen Lam Thai 21 Quy Hgi, Canh Hung thir 1743 32 Nguyen Hoan A.2819/1 A.2819/1 33 Le Hoang VT 34 Tran Van Trir 22 Binh Dan, Canh Hung thir 1746 35 Tran Danh Td A.2819/4 23 Mau Thin, Canh Hung thii' 1748 36 Nguyen Huy Oanh VHv.335/5 37 Le Trgng Tin A.2819/4 38 Le Quy Ddn VHv.335/5 24 Nham Than, Canh Hu'ng thir 13 1752 A.2819 25 Giap Tuat, Canh Hung thir 15 1754 39 Phan Cin A.2819/4 26 Dinh Siru, Canh Hung thu 18 1757 40 Pham Tiin A.2819/4 27 Canh Thin, Canh Hung thii' 21 1760 41 Nguyen Khan A.2819/4 28 Quy Miii, Canh Hung thir 24 1763 42 Nguyen Lenh Tan A.2819/4 29 Nham Thin, Canh Hung thir 33 1772 43 Hd ST Dong A.2819/4 44 Nhu' Cdng Than 30 At Miii, Canh Hung thir 36 1775 45 Phan Huy Jeh 46 Hoang Binh Chinh A.2819/3 VHv.336/2 47 Le Trgng Diem 31 Mau Tuat, Canh Hung thir 39 32 Ky Hgi, Canh Hung thu' 40 1778 1779(8) 48 Ninh Ton VHv.336/1 49 Pham Nguyen Du VHv.336/3 50 Nguyen Duy Khiem 33 Tan Siru, Canh Hung thir 42 1781 51 Nguyen Cau A.2819/2 34 At Ty, Canh Hung thir 46 1785 52 Nguyen Ba Lan - 35 Dinh Mtii, Chieu Thdng thii' 1787 53 Biii Duang Lich - Cong 35 khoa Trong thdi ky nha Le, tu' thdi Le so, Mae den Le - Trinh hien cdn chep duge ca thay 53 ky thi, vdi 75 bai thi, dd ed 35 khoa thi vdi 53 bai thi 42 53 bai thdi Le - Trjnh Bai van sach sdm nhat hien cdn la bai van sach dinh ddi eiia Dao Su Tieh, Trang nguyen khoa Giap Din, nien hieu Long Khanh thur (1374) NGUOI DO DAI KHOA VA BAI THI TIEN SI THOI LE - TRINH ddi 'vua Tran Due Tdng Ngoai la 18 bai van sach thdi Ld so va bai van sach thdi Mac la Duong Phue Tu khoa Dinh Mui (1547), Do Cung khoa Canh Thin (1580) va Nguyen Tuan Ngan khoa Quy Mui (1583) Phan Idn sd bai thi van saeh hidn edn la thude vd thdi Le - Trjnh Vi the, sd lieu ve cac ky thi va bai thi van sach dinh ddi hidn edn d thdi Le -Trjnh la kha phong phu Cae de thi van saeh dinh ddi thdi Le so, ehti ydu ve dao tri nude va sir dung nhan tai Thdi Ld - Trjnh, eac de tai tiep tyc duge tri, song da md rdng sang mdt sd ITnh vyc khae, nhu ban ve ly sd, quan su, kinh te, De bai hdi mdt van de, song lai bao gdm nhieu cau hdi cy the, ed loai ngan, cd loai kha dai, nhieu eau hdi cimg duge dat Cd de bai dat den vai chyc cau hdi, tham chi tren 100 cau hdi nhu bai van sach nam Phiic Thai thtr (1643) ma Nguyen Nang Thieu De nhj giap (Hoang giap) da phai vidt den tren dudi mdt van chfl' Bai thi ctia Le Quy Ddn, khoa thi nam Nham Than ddi vua Le Canh Hung thir 13 (1752) cho thay quan niem cua dng va tri thirc duong thdi ve qude gia, bang ban Le Quy Ddn viet: "Than xin cd ldi de xuat rang, nguyen ngdi giua dugc vung chac thi bdn phia phai lia xa, son gidi ban bdi phong vuc khae biet Vdi Tdng, Nguyen cua Bac trieu, moi vua cir mdt phuong, ehi ed eac vua Dinh, Ly, Tran nudc Viet ta ma thdi Dinh Tien Hoang dyng nudc d Hoa Lu, lin diu tien lap nien hieu Ly Thai Td ddi dd vl Thang Long, dyng co dd cai trj Trin Thai Tdng thy thien tu' tay trieu Ly, dinh dd d Phugng Thanh Ba ddi ay thude ehinh thdng ke tiep tri nude Nha Dinh thi djnh van vd trieu nghi, dat quan hieu mudi dao, tude pham ed ban, sac phye duge dinh Trieu Ly thi ddi Long Thyy chieu khuyen ndng, ddi Chuong Thanh dinh ngach cho ehu quan, ddi Thien Thanh dinh Hinh thu, ddi Hdi Phong dinh khda phap, nhung vide tao dyng deu quy md, nhat nhat da rd rang vay Trieu nha Tran thi ddi Kien Trung dat le nghTa, ddi Nguyen Phong khda phap cd thir bae, lap Binh Doan dudng de xet doan ngye tyng, dat ty Binh Bae de coi giu bdn thanh, tu sira dien ehuang ma day du vay Lam nhirng vide dd la de tri phdng bj, la ehe ctia mdt nha Nhung dudi trieu Ly thi "trung qude" duge thinh cudng, "tii di" deu thuan phye Trieu Tran thi ldng dan \ui mimg yeu men, tram hg day du an ninh, nude Nam cudng thjnh chua ed thdi nao hon the Cdn thai Dinh thi giac Chiem thudng quay nhieu cudp bde phuong nam, quan Tdng xam pham phia bac, ma yeu the den vay! Thdi Ly thi truyen ngdi duge tam ddi, trai 274 nam Thdi Tran truyen ngdi hai muoi ddi, trai 180 nam Ddi trudc giu nudc (hudng qude) thdi gian khdng dai hon the Vi thdi Dinli truyen ngdi hai ddi, mdi duge 12 nam, ma nhanh den vay! Dieu dd chang phai van khdng ddng deu hay sao? Nhu the thi budi dau nha Dinh lap nudc, nen ehinh thdng mdi dugc md ra, du dd vtra dugc thdng nhat, menh trdi soi tdi mdi chi bat dau, ldng ngudi yeu men vtra dugc tao dyng Hai trieu Ly, Tran, dugc ke thtra eai nghiep da thanh, cd the quy ve van 43 TAP CHi HAN NOM SO (95) - 2009 chang? Cd y rang, viee thyc thi ed xirng dang hay khdng, vi duge nhu the? Le nghTa eua hg ehinh dang thi dan phong thuan hau, danh phan nghiem thi qude phap sang ngdi Ddng trgng binh d kinh SU, khdng dao lgn de mat Thai a; phong eho chau d cac Id, khdng tu lieu tinh lay chuyen cdi ngudn; chgn ke sT bang khoa ctr, khoi day duge nhan tai; dat quan ehirc tat phan van vd, ma thdng nhat dugc quydn hanh; lay ttr di lam phen dau, khdng coi nhe vide sira ddi binh doan; dung phap lenh dd rang bude tudng than, khdng cho chuyen quyen vide binh bj hay vide hanh chinh Thdi Ly - Tran lap nude, quy md sd dT duge tri phdng pham den nhu the le nao lai klidng duge hudng cai edng tri trj nhieu nam hay sao? Han nhu hg Dinh thi Ngfl Hau duge lap, ma eai dao "Kinh thudng" bj bd thieu, trudng hgc ehua duge dyng len, eon dudng giao dudng bi lam trai, giao binh quyen mudi dao eho dai than, sap dat xir tri edng vide khdng rd rang, nggi khen bang su sung ai, dl Dd Tiem nam vide phdng bi Den nhu vide cim trting eung bat can, de cho ldng gian ta sinh, doan hinh quyit ngye lai qua nghiem, khien eho ldng ngudi tan tac khd bl tap hgp Nhu thi edn lam ma giii duge cai edng tri nudc den vd cimg duge? Vide trj nudc tat ed uu cd liet, nam thang cai tri ed ngan ed dai khae nhau, bdi vide lam cd dae ed that khdng thdng nhit vay" Le Quy Ddn het siic de cao ba tridu dai la Dinh, Ly, Trin, song dae biet nhan manh hai trieu dai Ly va Trin, xem dd nhu cac trieu dai huy hoang 44 DINH KHAC THUAN nhat dang tu hao va noi theo Cung ehinh ttr dd ma thay dugc su khiem khuyet xa hdi duong thdi, can dugc chan ehinh Nhflng bien phap cua dng eung nhu tridu dai duong thdi ehu xudng la "Hung qude the, ehinh quan lieu, sung van giao, phan vu thuat va ehan kinh te" Dd la nhting bien phap thiet thuc nham de cao qude the, ehan chinh the che dieu hanh dat nudc, md rdng giao due, tang cudng quan sy va phat trien kinh td Ndi dung bai van sach kha phong phii, dugc viet vdi van phong sac xao, xung dang la nhiing ky biit lieh sir giao dye va khoa ctr Nho hgc nudc ta, ddng thdi eho thay dng cdn la mdt ehien luge gia giup trieu dinh chan dat nude Tdm lai, thdi Le - Trinh the ky XVII - XVIII d vao giai doan eudi, tdn tai mdt sd te doan khoa ctr nhu "Sinh dd ba quan", chay thay cham thi, ^ song nhin mdt each tdng the thi giao dye thdi ky duge tridu dinh va toan xa hdi chii trgng Chinh eac chiia Trinh, tieu bieu la Trjnh Can, Trjnh Cuong, Trjnh Doanh va Trinh Sam thdi trai tre, ed vai trd bet sire to Idn gdp phan thinh dat nudc nhieu ITnh vuc, nhat la van hda va giao dye Day la thdi ky phat trien rye rd nhat nghe thuat didu khae dan gian, vdi hang loat ngdi dinh, chua lang dugc dyng len dd so, long liy nhu nhting lau dai kien true dan gian dae sac nhat cua lang que ngudi Viet Day cflng la thdi ky phat trien cua van hgc dan gian nhat la van hgc chti Ndm Chinh cae vj ehiia da NGUOI DO DAI KHOA VA BAI THI TIEN Sl THOI LE - TR|NH dat mdng xay nen eho sy nd rd tac pham Ndm vao giai doan ntra eudi the ky XVIII Bai viet xem nhu vide dat van de cho su nghien eiiu va danh gia lai vj the eua cac vj ehua phat trien van hda giao dye thdi Ld - Trjnh D.K.T Chu thich: xa Xuan Canh huyen Dong Anh ngoai Ha Ngi) Do Tien sT nam 1733 ddi vua Le Thuan Tdng, lam quan den chirc De hinh giam sat ngu sir Tai lieu tham khao Cdc nhd khoa bdng Viet Nam, Ngo Dire Thg chu bien, Nxb Van hgc, H 1993 Dgi Viet sir ky tuc bien (1676-1789), Ban djch,Nxb.KHXH, H 1991 (1) Trudng An tir hd: Xem them Vinh sir thi tuyen, saeh ehtr Han, A.849 Lich trieu hien chuang logi chi Ban djch, q XXVL Sir hgc, 1960-1961 (2) Dd Huy Ky (1695-1748): ngudi xa Thtr Coc huyen Thuy Nguyen (nay thugc xa Thieu Tam huyen Ddng San tinh Thanh Hoa) D6 Tham hoa nien hieu VTnh Khanh thir (1731) ddi vua Le Duy Phudng Lam quan din Thira chanh sir, tude ba Tran Van Giap: Lugc khdo khoa cic Viet Nam, tic khdi thuy den khoa Mdu Ngg, in trongNhdsiehgc^xb KHXH, H 1996 (3) Nguyin Ba Lan (1701 - 1786): ngudi xa Co Dd huyen Tien Phong (nay thugc huyen Ba Vi, Ha Ngi) Dd Tien sT nam 1731 ddi vua Le Duy Phudng Rat dugc chiia Trjnh Doanh tin dimg Khi mat dugc truy tang ham Thai te, tude Quan cdng (4) Truang Huu Diiu (? - ?): ngudi xa Xuan Canh huyen Ddng Ngan (nay thugc Nguyen The Long: Nho gido Viet Nam gido due vd ihi cic, Nxb Giao due, H 1995 Trinh Sdm, cudc ddi vd su nghiep, Ky yiu Hgi thao, H 2009 Nguyen Quang Thang: Khoa cie vd gido due Viet Nam, Nxb Van hda - Thdng tin, H.1993 Dinh Khic Thuan: Gido due vd khoa cie Nho hgc thdi Le qua tdi lieu Hdn Ndm, Ban thao xuat ban, Vien Nghien ciru Han Nom, 20097 45 ... DAI KHOA VA BAI THI TIEN SI THOI LE - TRINH Bai thi Tien si Sd ngudi dd dai khoa nhu neu tren la rat Idn, song cae bai thi eua hg thi hau nhu edn luu lai khdng nhilu Mdt sd bai van thi Hdi, thi. .. ca thay 53 ky thi, vdi 75 bai thi, dd ed 35 khoa thi vdi 53 bai thi 42 53 bai thdi Le - Trjnh Bai van sach sdm nhat hien cdn la bai van sach dinh ddi eiia Dao Su Tieh, Trang nguyen khoa Giap Din,... Thieu De nhj giap (Hoang giap) da phai vidt den tren dudi mdt van chfl'' Bai thi ctia Le Quy Ddn, khoa thi nam Nham Than ddi vua Le Canh Hung thir 13 (1752) cho thay quan niem cua dng va tri thirc