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OAO TAO S l I N LUAT vdl CUOC 1 SINH VIEN NGHIEN Ciiu KHOA HOC JHIIC TRANG VA G M 1 Nhung loi ich ciia viec tham gia hoat dong nghien cun khoa hoc doi voi sinh vien Nhung boat dpng nghign ciin khoa hp[.]
OAO TAO S l I N LUAT vdl CUOC SINH VIEN NGHIEN Ciiu KHOA HOC JHIIC TRANG VA G TRUONG HONG QUANG * Nhung loi ich ciia viec tham gia hoat dong nghien cun khoa hoc doi voi sinh vien Nhung boat dpng nghign ciin khoa hpc (nghign ciin khoa hpc) sinh vign cd thg kg nhu: Cdc dang bdi tap tin cbi theo mdn hpc, eac dien dan ludt hpc, npi san, tap san, cdc cupc thi Olympic cdc mdn hpc, eac buoi thao luan chuygn dg, hpi thao, cdc cau lac bp hpc thuat,' ' cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc hdng nam Bp gido dye va ddo tao id cbii'c Cd thg ngu ngdn gpn mpt sd lgi ich cua sinh vign kbi tham gia boat ddng nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi chung vd cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi rigng nhu sau: Thir nhut, viec tham gia cdc boat dpng nghign ctru khoa hpc giup sinh vign co noi dg dp dung cdc kign thirc da hpc mpt edch hieu qua, tigp thu thgm kign thtrc tir nhirng ngudn khde dg ddnh gid vd hodn thien nhirng kign thirc cua bdn than Tbdng qua cdc dien dan trao ddi hpc thuat, tranh ludn ede tinh hudng phdp li dya trgn co sd ngn tang li ludn ciia nha trudng; cac budi dign dn giiip sinh vign higu sau vd cd thgm nhiing kign thirc td tyng chua dugc gidng day chuang trinh hpc, higu thgm nhu'ng cdng viec tai phign tda Bgn canh dd, qua cdc boat dpng nay, sinh vign ciing se tim tdi, phdt hien nhtrng van dg cdn khue mac dg ed thg nhd dgn sy tu van ciia thdy cd cdc gid gidng trgn ldp hpc Thir hui, tham gia ede boat dpng nghign 66 ciru khoa hpc giup ren luyen bdn ITnh sinh vien ludt Mdt sd boat ddng nhu: Cdc cau lac bp bgc thuat, cac cupc lbi,'~' cac dign dan, budi dien dn* ' giup cho sinh vign dugc tham gia vdo cdc boat dgng dodn tbg mang tinh hpc thuat, nang cao tinb nang dpng, kha nang himg bien, dign tbuygt vd tranh luan trudc ddm ddng vg cdc vdn dg lien quan dgn hpc thudt hay tigp can dugc thyc tg nhigu ban Tai cdc boat ddng ndy, sinh vign dugc thodi mai trinh bdy y kien cd nhan ciia minh (ma ddi trgn ldp khdng cd mdi trudng de tbg hien) vdi cdc sinh vign khde vd cd the hpc hdi, bd sung lan mpt each hieu qua Cdc boat dpng ndy vtra mang lai kign thirc chuyen mdn vtra giiip cho sinh vign ludt tir lin hon vdi nhung kT nang edn thigt dugc ren luyen qua tirng ngdy Thie bu, tham gia nghign ciru khoa hpc dac biet Id cude thi sinh vign nghign ciai khoa hpc hdng nam se giup sinh vign ren luyen kT nang vigt, phan tieh, tdng hgp ldi lieu thdng qua viec thyc hien dg lai nghign ciru Dac biet vdi kl nang vigt - mgt nhtrng digm ygu ciia sinh vign ndi chung vd sinh vien luat hien tbi hieu qud mang lai ttr boat dpng nghign ciru khoa bgc Id khdng thg phii nhan Bat cir kT nang, kinh nghiem ndo ciing cdn dupe ren luyen thudng xuygn vd cd phuong phdp nbat dinb cho ngn viec tham gia nghign Vien khoa hoc phap li, Bd tu phap TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 7/2010 OAO TAO cim, vigt lign tye se giiip cho sinh vign nhdn dugc nhirng diem ygu ciia minh va tim each khac phyc cting nhu phan dau dg cd duge khd nang tdt bon Day la bude tap dirgt tdt cho viec vigt khod ludn lot nghiep va trudng sinh vign cd thg thyc hien dugc cdng viec nghign ciru theo nhiem vy dugc giao hoac bgc lgn cao bpe.''*' Mot so thuc trang cuoc thi sinh vien nghien ciiu khoa hoc ciia sinh vien luat hien Qua kinh nghiem mdt sd nam tham gia boat ddng nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi chung vd cupc thi sinh vign nghign cim khoa hpc noi rigng, ehiing tdi cd mdt sd nhan dinh vd danh gid vg thuc trang ciia boat diing ndy nbu sau:'" 2.1 Nhgn thiec ve hogt dpng nghien cicu khou hoc cuu sinh vien Cd thg nhdn thay mpt nhtrng ygu td quan trpng dnh hudng dgn chat lupng ciia • cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi rigng va boat dpng nghign cim khoa hpc sinh vign ndi chung la nhan thirc ciia sinh vign vg boat dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc Ttr trudc dgn nay, hau hgt cdc sinh vign dgu cho rang: - Nghign ciin khoa hpc Id phai vigt cdng trinh, dg tdi nghign ciru cdn nhtrng dang bdi tap tin chi, cdc cudc tbi Olympic cdc mdn hpc, eac bdi bdo khdng phdi la nghign eiru khoa hpc; - Nghign ciru khoa bpe la hoat dpng chi ddnh cho nhu'ng sinh vign gidi hay nhiing nhd nghign ciru d nhtrng vien nghign ciru, tru'dng dai hpc vdi quy md liin; - Khoa hpc phdp li Id mpt nhtrng nganh khoa hpc xa bpi, cung nhu nhtrng nganh khoa hpc xa hpi-nhan van khac, kgt qua nghign eiru khoa hpc phap li cd thg TAP CHi LUAT HOC S O 7/2010 dugc nhin nhan, ddnh gia theo nhtrng quan digm khac nhau, nhigu liie trdi ngugc tai mdi thai digm cy thg Ngodi ra, viec irng dyng kgt qud nghign ciru vao thyc tign khdng nhu cdc khoa hpc ty nhign, tirc hieu qud mang lai khdng tirc thi va rd rang cho ngn suy nghT ciia da so sinh vign la chi cd cdc nganh ty nhign mdi la khoa hpc, vi vay phdn ldn sinh vign khdng man md vdi viec nghign cim ITnh vyc phdp li."'' Chinh nhung nhan thirc khdng dimg dan trgn da dan dgn tinh trang sinh vign khdng thyc hien boat dpng nghign cii'u khoa hpc, hay thyc hien boat dpng ma khdng nhan thirc dugc Thuc lg da cho thdy sd lugng sinh vign ludt tham gia cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc khd it so vdi tdng so sinh vign ciia ca trudng Cd thg lay vi dy nhu tai Trirdng Dai hpc Luat Ha Npi, binh quan hang nam chi cd khoang - cdng trinh ciia 150 sinh vign/tdng sd sinh vign loan trudng (bon 5000) tham gia cupc thi.' ' Nhin chung, li ctia van dg la cdc co sd dao tao luat chua cd nhirng hinh tbire tuygn truygn cting nhu phd bign kien thirc va nhtrng nhdn bigt co bdn vg nghign ciru khoa hpc cho sinh vign dan dgn nhtrng suy nghT lech lac, dnh hudng dgn chat lugng nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign, thg hien cy thg cupc tbi sinh vign nghign cun khoa hpc hang nam Bgn canh do,- nigm say mg nghign ciru ciia sinh \ ign khdng dugc khoi nguon, ham ndng, boi qua trinh giang day gidng vign da vat kiet nhung kign thirc vd higu bigt ciia minh truygn dat cho sinh vign.' * Sinh vign tigp nhdn kign thirc dy nhu la chuan myc nhat diing va da la tan cting md hdu nhu khdng cdn van dg gi phai suy nghT, phat 67 DAO TAO trign hoac tim ldi nghign eiru Sy ddc lap va kha nting suy nghT, sang tao, nigm dam mg nghign eiru eua sinh vign dan dan thay thg bang su tigp thu bi diing.' ' 2.2 Vc cuch thirc id ehiec cupc thi Khde vdi hoiit dpng nghign ciru khoa hoc sinh vign noi ehung la boat dpng thudng xuygn lign tye, xuyen sudt vd gan lign vdi nhiem vy hpc tap ctia mdi sinh vign, cupc tbi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa bpe mang tinh thdi vu (mpt nam td chirc mpt ldn) vd ddnh eho loan bp sinh vign he chinb quy ciia trudng Cd thg nhan thdy quy trinh danh gid, tuyen chpn cong trinh du thi cap bp ciia cdc trudng dgu dam bao linh cdng bang, cbinh xde Hau hgt cdc cdng trinh dy thi cap bd dgu dat giai chinh Id minh chirng cho nhdn xet nay.'"" Tuy nhign, van dg td chirc cupc thi d cdc CO so dao tao luat hien edn cd miit so digu bat cap nhu sau: Thir nhut, thdi digm phdt diing cupc thi ehua hgp li: Thdng thudng, cae trudng phai niip cdc san pham nghign ciru klioa hpc cua sinh vign'"' lgn Bp gido dye va ddo tao vdo thang hoac thdng hang nam Cd Irudng tir liic phdt dpng dgn liic nop cdng trinb chi CO - thdng, tham cbi chi thang Trong dd, dg cdng trinh cd chat lugng tbi thdi gian danh cho nd 3, hay ihdng la khd ngan Hdu hgt cdc sinh vign thudng dgi trirdng trign khai, phat dpng mdi tign hanh thue hien dg tai eho ngn vdi khodng thdi gian ngan nbu thg da dan dgn chat lugng ciia cdc dg lai khong ciio, chiim trg vg tign dp thuc hien so vdi quy djnh Tbdng thudng dg tdi cap trudng can thdi gian it nhat Id thdng dgn nam dg trign khai va thyc hien Tuy nhign, cting cd mpt sd trudng da trign khai cucDe thi trang vong nam va bgn canh 68 cting cd mdt bp phan sinh vien da chu ddng thyc hien de tai trudc trudng phat ddng Thie hui, mpt sd noi khdng td chirc hpi nghj nghign ciru khoa bpe sinh vign dg cac edng trinh dat chdt lugng cao ttr vdng ehdm ddc lap dugc bdo cao vd phdn bien trude bdi ddng khoa hpc: Digu da dan dgn tinb trang mdt sd cdng trinh dugc chpn di dy thi cap bp nhigu khdng cd dugc dinh budng hoan thien cdng trinh tir hpi ddng; khdng bigt dugc danh gid, nhan dinh ciia giang vign cham hai vdng So vdi cdc ngdnh khde, nganh ludt cd dac thti can sy phan bien eao hon nhigu dac biet la hoat ddng nghign ciru khoa hpc rat can tu phan bien xa bdi Nhin chung, ddi vdi sinh vign ludt, lu phdn bien la ygu td cdn thigt va cdn dugc ren luyen, dd viee khdng td chire hgi nghi ddi vdi cudc thi d cap trudng thyc sy Id thigu sdt ldn Tat nhign, de td chirc hpi nghi nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign cdn can nhigu ygu td khde nhu sd lupng cdng trinh, sd lugng sinh vign tham gia cupc thi nam dd, sy phti hgp vg mat thdi gian nhimg cting ngn nhin nhdn rang chinh cdc ygu td da phdn dnh mirc tham gia nghign ciru khoa bgc sinh vign ciia trudng vd su to chirc cupc thi dat chdt lugng nbu thg ndo Thic hu, viec thdng tin vd tuygn truygn vg qua trinii ciing nbu tbg le cugc thi cdn chua dat ygu cdu: Nhigu sinh vign khdng nam rd quy trinh va thg le cupc thi dan dgn thyc hien sai quy dinh hinh thirc vd xudt hien nhtrng higu ldm khdng ddng cd Digu ndy xudt phat tir hai phia: edng tdc tuygn truygn ciia dpi ngu can bp dodn, hpi chua tdt, ddi liic khdng nhiet tinb va chua cd y thirc cao; nhigu sinh vign chua cbii ddng tigp can, cap nhdt thdng tin vg cudc tbi TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 7/2010 DAO TAO 2.3 Ve qud trinh thuc hien de lui nghien cicu khou hoc cuu sinh vien luul Qua thirc tign mpt sd nam tham gia cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc va co tham khdo mpt sd ddnh gid tinh hinh nghign ctru khoa hpc sinh vign, ehiing tdi co mpt so nhan xet vg qua trinh thuc hien dg tai nghign ciru khoa hpc cua sinh vign ludt hien nliu sau: Thir nhdi, vg chpn dg lai va dinh hudng dg tai nghign ciru: Chpn dg tdi la khau quan trpng qua thg hien duge tdm, kha nang cua ngirdi lam dg tai viee chpn van dg dg nghign cii'u, trien khai Tuy thdi gian gdn ddy da xuat hien nhii'ng dg tai mdi, la hodn loan sinh vign dg xuat nhung bgn canh van cd mpt sd bat cap viec chpn dg tai ciia sinh vign nhu: Qua phu thupc vao danh myc dg tdi dinh hirdng nghign ciru Irudng dua nen khong phat huy dugc tinh sang tao eua ban than, khong dua dugc nhung dg tai mdi, sdt vdi ihye tg cupc sdng dang doi hoi (bdi doi danh myc khdng nidi, chi bao gom nhung van dg cu); chpn dg ldi qua rpng va qua tam sinh vign, mang tinh li luiin o tam vT mo qua cao (vi du: "Dunh giu hogt dpng xdy dung phdp lugt eua Viet Num trung han 20 num dui mdi"); dg tdi mang tinh sang trpng, la lam nhigu khdng cd tinh khd thi (vi dy: "Cui lu Quy che hogt dpng cuu Hpi dong huu un Lien hgp quuc"): dg tdi cu ve cd npi dung vd hinh thirc (vi du dg tdi mang tinh chdt li luan cao da dugc cac nhd nghign ciru, chuygn gia dao sau, vigt qua nhigu) hoac khdng phti hgp vdi nganh luat;' " thigu chil dpng viec chpn lua dg tai ngn tinh trang triing dg tdi, trting ndi dung nghign eii'u ciing nhu gdc dp tigp can khdng phdi la higm TAP CHI LUAT H O C S O 7/2010 Dinh hudng dg tai nghign ciru la cong viec ctia cdc khoa, bii mon Danh muc dg tdi dugc xay dung khong phai la il nhung nhigu chua hap dan doi vdi sinh vign, chua cd nhigu dg ldi thyc tign dang doi hoi hay mang tinh li luan cao Nhigu gidng vign chua chii diing viec dg tdi, ddi khdng man md vdi nghign ciru kJioa hpc ciia sinh vign ngn dg qua loa, dai khai Sinh vien khdng bat buiic phai lya chpn danli muc nhung no cung anh huong kha nliigu dgn viec chpn dg tai cua sinh vign boi tam li da so sinh vign luon muon chpn nhtrng dg tai san cd, khdng phai suy nghT, tim tdi nhting dg khac Thie hai, vg tim, phan loai, tdng hgp va ddnh gia tdi lieu: Tai lieu nghign ciru ITnh vyc khoa hpc phdp li e6 nhirng dac thti rigng, mang nhigu tinh dinh tinh ban la dinh lirgng; sd lieu thyc tg ciia nganh luat thudng la nhti:ng vu viec hon la nhtrng so lieu thong kg" "'' ngn thudng vyn vat, kho xtr li Do do, doi hoi ngudi nghign cii'u can c6 nhu'ng kien thirc ngn lang va sy hudng dan cting nhu kinh nghiem cua nhirng ngudi di trudc Van dg xtr li tdi lieu ciia sinh vign luat hien dang tdn tai nhtrng nhugc digm sau: - C6 thg thdy hau hgt sinh vign chua co kT nang tim kigm, tdng hgp vd ddnh gia tdi lieu dimg dan; chua cd kign thirc co ban vg tim kigm, xu li vd phan lich tai lieu Da sd tigp nhiin cdc tu lieu mpt cdeh may moc ma khdng phdn tich, ddnh gid va dua quan digm rigng ciia minh Thyc tg xuat phat ttr khung chuong trinh ddo tao cir nhan ciia cac trirdng ludt ndi rigng va cdc trudng dai hpc noi chung chua CO hpc phan lign quan dgn nhirng kT nang cho sinli vign hoac cung khdng td 69 OAO TAO chirc dugc nhirng khoa hpc ngan hay nhung budi tap budn kT nang ndy Bgn canh dd, bdn thdn mpt so sinh vign cung chua tieh eye lim higu qua nhigu kgnli thdng tin khac dg c6 thg hpc hdi nhii'ng kT ndng ndy vd ddi khi, cho rang nd khdng can thigt hay khdng nhan thirc dugc tdm quan trpng cua nd - Viec tim kigm tai lieu ddi qua thigu chigu rpng (tim kigm ttr qua it ngudn, vi dy ehi tim lai thu vien ma khong tim o ngudn khde) hay qud thigu chigu sdu (khai thdc qud it tdi lieu tir miit ngudn, vi dy nhu d thu vien ma cbi tim cac khoa luan, ludn van, ludn dn md khdng tim o cdc bdi vigt khoa hpc trgn cac tap chi, siich chuygn ngdnh ) Trong dd, tdi lieu nghign ciru phdp li khd quan trpng, nhdt Id nhtrng van dg cdn dang gay tranh eai thi cdng can nhtrng tdi lieu khac ndi vg nbung quan digm khde dg ed thg ddnh gia toan dien - Da sd sinh vign tim tai lieu trudc rdi mdi ldm dg cuong cho dg tai Digu da dan dgn viec "bpi thyc" tai lieu, nhigu tai lieu khdng lign quan hay cbi lign quan it dgn van dg nghign ciru ngn thai gian tim tai lieu vd hinli trung da bi keo dai ban so vdi each thirc lam dg cuong trudc, khoanh viing vdn dg quan trpng rdi mdi tign hdnh di lim tdi lieu -'Nhigu sinh vign qud phy thupc vdo tdi lieu, eho rang khdng cd nhigu ldi lii;u thi khdng hoan dugc dg tdi Day la thyc tg phd bign khdng ehi cupc ibi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc ma cdn cdc boat diing khde nhu vigt khoa ludn tdt nghigp Hdu hgt cdc sinh vign trudng hgp da bd cudc gitra chimg, khdng thg hodn thdnh dg tdi Thie ba, vigt va trinh bay dg tdi nghign ciru khoa bpe: Mdt nhtrng mue tigu ciia nghign 70 ciru khoa hpc Id giup cho sinh vign ren luyen kT nang viet Tuy nhign, vg vdn dg ndy cdn mpt sd tdn tai nhu: - Nhigu sinh vign van di theo ldi mdn cti vdi cdng trinh phdi trdn trTnb chuong, doi phan li ludn qud nhigu ma thirc trang va kien nghi lai qua it, khdng dii dp sdu vd chua ban trting van dg dang nghign cii'u Md hinh thdng thudng cd kgt cdu nhu sau: Chuong 1- Mpt so van dg li ludn chung, Chuong - Thuc trang phdp luat va thyc trang dp dung ciia van dg nghign ciru, Chuang - Mpt sd kign nghi nham hoan thien vdn dg nghign ciru Cd thg thay cau triic hien da qua quen thuipe ddi vdi gidi nghign ciru, ddi gay nhdm chdn nbung lai cd sire anh huong Idn ddi vdi sinh vign luat vd ddi nd cung xuat phdt ttr quan nii^ni ciia nhtrng ngudi cam cdn ndy myc hay nhung ngudi hudng dan ludn de cao md binh chuong nhu trgn - Nhigu sinh vign chua cd phuong phap nghign ciru dimg dan phti hgp ngn cd trudng hgp khdng cdn ddi dugc thai gian nghign eiru vd thdi gian bpe tap, khdng nam dugc cdc van dg CO ban cua cdc phuong phdp nghign ciru ngdnh khoa bgc xa hpi Ddi kbi sinh vign lam dyng sir dyng nhung thudt ngir nhu "phuang phdp ehii ngliTa vat bien chirng, vdt lich sir" md ddi liic khdng higu dugc khai niem, niii dung ciia nhu'ng phuong phdp dd Id gi Digu xudt phdt mgt phan ttr sy xem nhe viee bgc tap cdc phuong phap nghign cun cua sinh vign, cho rdng cbi cdn chpn dg ldi rdi tign banh ma khdng mdy quan tdm dgn cdc kign thirc ngn tdng - Trong phdn thyc trang ciia nhigu dg lai sinh vign liet kg cdc ibdng tin, sd lieu, vu TAP CHi LUAT HOC S O 7/2010 OAO TAO viee cy thg nhung khdng cd phdn tich vd nhan dinh ciia tdc gid; phdn gidi phdp hoan thien sinh vign ngu nhung kign nghj to tat (vi du nhu xay dirng van ban mdi, ban hanh ban luat mdi md khong xay dimg cu tbg nhu thg nao hoac dua nbu'ng giai phdp chung chung, thign vg mat qudn li nhd nudc bon Id cac van dg hpc thudt) va thudng la khong cd tinh tbuygt phyc, tire khdng dya trgn co so li ludn hoac thyc tign ndo vi viiy thudng khdng kha thi day digu co ban la phai dua dugc nhtrng dg xudt hgp li, cdn thigt chtr khdng phai liic nao cung nhat thigt phdi xiiy dyng dugc van ban phap luai mdi - Sinh vign chua quan tdm dimg mire dgn viec trinh bdy, hinh thii'c ciia dg tdi, khong ludn thil diing thg le ciia cupc thi; each dign dat nhigu cdng trinh kem, chua higu dung tdm quan trpng cua chu thich (footnotes) ngn hdu nhu trich dan ma khdng ngu ngudn ldi lieu, danh myc tdi lieu tham khdo cdn so sai (vi dy chi ngu chung chung: Mpt sd bai vigt trgn tap chi khoa hoc phdp li; Cdng bdo nam 2001, 2002 ); chat lugng nhigu cdng trinh chua dat mirc trung binh 2.4 Ve cdc hinh thiec ho trg, ihu hiit sinh vien tham giu cupc thi sinh vien nghien cicu khou hge Nhin nhdn mpt each khdch quan, cac co sd dao tao ludt hien cang cd sy quan tdm nhigu ban ddi vdi boat dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc ciia sinh vign Vi dy nhu tai Trudng Dai hpc Ludt Ha Npi nam 2009 da phat hdnh Cam nang sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc mign phi cho sinh vign Clia Trudng vdi nhieu npi dung phong phii, da dang, gdp phan dinh budng phuong phdp nghign ciru cho sinh vign Tuy nhign, hien TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 7/2010 tai cac co sd ddo tao luat, kinh phi cho nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi chung vd nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign ndi rigng cdn it, tham chi cd trudng cdn khdng cd hd trg kinh pbi eho sinh vign thirc hien dg tdi nghign ciru khoa hpc Bgn canh dd, mirc thudng cho cdc cdng trinh doat gidi cdn chua xirng tdm vd chua thu hilt sinh vign (thdm chi cd trudng mirc thirdng cho cac giang vign hudng dan sinh vign dat cac giai cap bp khde la nhu nhau) Co le nguygn nhan ldn nhat ciia tinh trang la su nhdn thii'c chua dimg dan, day dii vai trd va tam quan trpng ctia nghign eiru khoa hpc sinh vign Nhigu don vi chi ho hao, cd dpng nhung lai chua cd nhtrng hinh thirc cy thg dg hd trg sinh vign vd can benh hinh thirc lan tich van cdn ton tai Mpt digu bat cap khac la dia digm thu thdp tu lieu nghign ciru nhu thu vien lai chua ddp irng dugc nhu cdu ciia sinh vign hge tap vd thyc hien dg tai Tat nhign, viec tim kiem tai lieu la ban than sinh vign chii ddng nhung cung cdn cd nhting ho trp tdi thigu tir phia nha trudng dg tao co so cho sinh vign thyc bien cac y dinh ciia minh Mpt nhdn to quan trpng quygt dinh khdng nhd den chat lugng ciia dg tai la gidng vign hudng dan Cd thg thay mgt thirc tg la cdc giang vign hudng dan cbi tign hdnh cong viec hudng dan theo nhtrng kinh nghiem ciia chinh minh hay kg thtra tir chinh thay, cd da hudng dan minh;' ' mpt bii phdn gidng vign chua nhiet tinh vdi cdng tdc hudng ddn sinh vign nghign ctru khoa hpc,"" cdn dg dai hudng dan, bo qua nhtrng ldi co ban viec thue hien dg tdi ciia sinh vign nhu: trich dan, chap va tai lieu dan dgn nhtrng tu nghien ciru lech lac vg sau cho sinh vign 71 OAO TAO 2.5 Vdn de su dung ede cung trinh nghien cicu khou hue cuu sinh vien Cdc edng trinh, dg tai nghign ciru khoa hpc dugc thyc hien vdi nhigu myc dich khac nhirng dgu cd mue tieu chung Id khdm pha khoa hpc, phue vu cho viec nghien ciru, img dyng thyc tg tot ban Tir trudc dgn na> CO dieu de nhiin thay Id tinh trang "dap chigu"" edng trinh sau nghien ctru, cdng bo khdng phai Id ehuyen higm Ddi vdi cuiie thi sinh vien nghign ciru khoa hpc, thdng thirdng mdi sinh vign dugc chgn dy thi cap bp phai nop bdn cdng trinh ciia minh eho Bp giao dye vd dao tao Thyclg, sau ehdm, cac cong trinh di dau vg dau la cau hoi chua eo ldi dap, eo le no ehi dting dg chdm, rdi trao giai la xong Cdn o Irudng, phdng qudn li khoa hoc cung giir mpt ban cdng trinh cua sinh vign doat giai cap bii nhung hau nhu rat it tru'dng dua lgn thu vien cho cae sinh vign khac tham khao Bgn canh dd nhu da ngu a phan trgn, dg lai nghign eiru khoa bpe ngdnh phap li CO dac digm kgt qud dp dyng thyc tg khdng thg hien tirc thi (vi du nhu viec dua kign nghi hodn thien phap luat khdng thg dugc dp dyng vi cdn phu thupc vao quy trinh xay dyng, sua ddi phdp luat cua Qudc hpi, quan digm cua cac nha ldm luat) Cho ngn ehinh tinh trang khdng quan tam dgn hieu qud sir dyng (chi it vg mat phue vy viec hpc lap, nghign ciru) cung nhu thigu tinh chu diing viee cdng bd, dua cac kgt qua nghign eiru vdo dp dung cting vd hinh trung tao quan digm cho rang dg tdi nghign eiru ehi ed tinh li ludn sudng, thigu thyc tg vd ngai ldm nghign ciru khoa hpc cho sinh vign Cd thg thay ehung ta chua cd hinh thirc su dung edng trinh nghign ciru khoa bpe eua sinh vign mpt ciich dimg dan vd hiru ieh 72 Nhung giai phap dat nham nang cao chat luoTig va hieu qua cuoc thi sinh vien nghien cuu khoa hoc cua sinh vien luat Nhii'ng gidi phdp dugc ngu dudi day vdi mong mudn ndng cao chat lugng cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi rigng vd hocit dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc ciia sinh vign luat ndi chung Thic nhut, ddy manh tuygn truyen, nang cao nhdn thirc vg boat dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc cho sinh vign: De lam dugc digu nay, td chirc Doan, Hpi ngn kgt hgp vdi bg phdn qudn li khoa hpc Clia trudng dg td chirc cac budi ndi chuyen chuygn dg vg hoat dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc, giiip cho sinh \ ign nhan thirc dugc bdn chat ciia boat dgng nghien ciru khoa hpc eung nhu lang nghe y kign thac mac vd ddng gdp cua sinh vign vg cac hinh thirc nghien ciru khoa hpc cua sinh vign Tii' dd hinh ngn nhung nhdn thirc dimg dan vg boat dpng nghign ciru khoa hoc, tao ngn tdng cho chat lugng ciia nhirng binh thirc nghign ciru khoa hpc vg sau ciia sinh vign Hon nira, sinh vign dugc tham gia vdo viec hodn thien san choi chung tri tue cho chinh bdn than minh thi se cbii ddng, lich cyc tham gia mpt edch nghigm tiic Thir hui, td chirc cudC tbi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc chuygn nghiep vd quy md hon: Cudc tbi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc cdp trudng hdng nam ngn dugc td chirc vao thdi gian hgp li hon cho sinh vign (tat nhien pbdi phti hgp vdi lich trinh cuiic tbi ciia Bp gido due va ddo tao) Md binh thdi gian tdt nbat la phdt ddng vao cudi tbdng bang nam vd nhdn edng trinh nghign ciru khoa bgc ciia sinh vign vdo dau thdng nam sau dg chpn lya tham du cugc thi cdp bg ciia nam dd vao TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 7/2010 I OAO TAO dau thdng Tat nhign, dg tranh bi ddng va cd thg phdn bd thdi gian hgp li, sinh vign cimg ngn ehu dpng tign hanh thyc hien dg tai, khong ngn chd den kbi trudng phat diing mdi bat ddu.' "' Bgn canh do, nhdt thigt phai c6 hpi nghi nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign to chirc sau da cham xong vdng cupc thi cap trudng T'iii biii nghi, ldc gia eac cdng trinh diit chat lugng cao qua vdng phai bdo ve dg tai ctia minh dg tii dd nhdn dugc nhimg nhugc digm edn tdn tai va hoan thien chimg Digu ndy se gitip cho chat lugng cua eae cong trinh dy thi cap bp cao ban, digu ma neu khong lam hiii nghi nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign se it c6 dugc Ciing tai hpi nghi, cdc sinh vign cd thg giao luu, hpc hoi ldn nhau.' ' Viec xay dyng danh myc dg tdi dinh hudng nghien ciru cung can dugc chu trpng bon nira Chting tdi cho rang cd thg bd sung edch thii'c dg tai theo hudng nhu sau: Giang vign nao mudn hudng dan sinh vign nghign ctru khoa hpc thi ty dg tai dg sinh vign lya chpn, dimg ki va hudng ddn ludn cho sinh vign Digu se tigt kiem dugc thdi giiin cho sinh vign di lien he giang vign hudng dan cting nhu hinh nhirng dg tai • nghign ciixi cd chat lugng, tranh tinh trang nhu hien nhigu sinh vign khong "nhd" dugc hirdng dan ngn khong duge dinh hudng va phdn bien Cdng tdc thdng tin vg thg le, edch thirc tham dy, quy trinh thyc bien dg tdi nghign eiru khoa hpc cdn dupc ndng cao hon nua, phd bign cbi tigt dgn tirng chi dodn trudng Dg thyc hien tdt muc dich nay, dpi ngii can bp Doan, Hiii can dugc tap huan kT nang tuygn truygn vd tinh than trach nliieni cao bon niia boi day la luc lugng quan trpng TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 7/2010 viec nang eao thdng tin cuiie thi dgn cae sinh vign khac Day manh boat dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc phai la iihiein vu cua mpi phdn doan thg, dodn nign \a hpi sinh vign la nhu'ng hat nhan ehu dao Tuy nhign, ngugc lai, sinh vign cting ngn chu dpng tigp can, tim higu thdng tin vg cuiie thi ciing nhu quy trinh dg thyc hien mpt each tot nhat Ngu thong tin tot, dau tign, chiing ta se cd dugc nhung cong trinh dap img dugc vg mat hinh thirc von la digu quan trpng mpt cupc thi co tinh ganh dua cao Thie hu, giai phap thu htil sinh vign tham gia cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc: Ngdnh luat vg ban chat la nganh kho, su ddi hdi chinh xac cao nganh khoa hpc ndy da khign cho so lugng sinh vign tham gia nghign cii'u khoa hpc kha khigm ton Tuy nhign, cd nhiing li chii quan khae cimg gop phan dan dgn thyc trang trgn, la: Kinh phi eho boat dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi chung va nghign ctru khoa hpc sinh vign ndi rigng it nhu da phan tich o trgn Thigt nghT, cd thg doi mdi theo hinh thii'c ho trg kinh phi nghign eiru cho sinh vign vdi digu kien phdi hoan thaiili cdng trinh nop vg trudng va phai dat chat lugng trung binh hoac kha trd lgn Ngn cd chg dp cpng digm trung binh chung hpc tap cho nhu'ng sinh vign dat gidi cap bii Viec ndng cao mirc thirdng cho sinh vien vd gidng vign hudng dan la bien phap dg kich thich sy tham gia ciia sinh vign vdo cuiie thi ndy Bgn canh dd, CO thg quy dinh tham gia cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hoc la mpt nhtrng ygu td dg xet digu kien vigt khoa luan tot nghiep Bien phdp bupc sinh vign phai tign hdnh 73 DAO TAO ldm quen vdi nghign eiru khoa hpc dg lap luyen nhirng kT nang cho viec vigt khoa ludn sau nay.' *" Day la nhirng bien phap da dugc mpt sd lrut)'ng (khdng phdi ngdnh ludt) dp dung va dii dat dugc nhting kgt qud nhat dinh Nhin chung, phai nhin nhan dimg ban chat vd vai tro cua boat dpng nghign ctru khoa hpc sinh vign mdi co the su dung nhirng bien phap thyc sy cd hii;u qua Thir ttr phat huy eac ygu to gap phan nang cao chat lugng dg ldi nghign ctru khoa hpc sinh vien TU lieu va gidng vign hirdng dan Id hai sd nhung ygu td quan trpng quygl dinh dgn chat lugng eua dg tai nghign ctru khoa hpc sinli vign Doi \di van dg tu lieu, thu vien la mpi nhirng noi ma sinh vign thudng ngliT dgn dau tign eho qua Irinh nghign ciru khoa hpc ciia minh Do do, can CO nhu'ng sy ddi mdi, cap nhdt nhtrng tai lieu mdi (dac biet tai lieu tigng nudc ngodi, tigng Anh chuygn ngdnh ludt), phong phii ban nua dg ddp irng nhu cau ciia sinh vign Tinb dii, da dang, hiru ich eiia thu vien Id nhirng ygu eau edn co cho mpt nghign ciru tdt Ddi vdi van dg giang vign hudng dan, khdng thg phii nhan rang ho'n 95% npi dung eiia nghign cii'u khoa hpc la lao dpng ciia sinh vign song khdng thg xem thudng 5% cdn lai, bdi thigu nd thi mpt nghign ciru khoa hpc khdng thg cdng va di diing hudng.' ' Thigt nghT, hang nam ngn id chirc nhirng budi toa dam vg each thtrc, phuong phap, cdng viec ciia gidng vign hudng dan bgn canh nhtrng budi loa dam vg phuong phap giang day; quy dinh hirdng diin nghign ciru khoa hpc cho sinh vign la nghTa vu ciia giang vign Nhirng bien phdp ndy se giiip cho gidng vign hudng ddn 74 phdt huy dugc vai trd dinb hudng, tu vdn, trg giiip vd huan luyen ciia minh.'"'^' Ngugc lai, sinh vign cung ngn chii ddng hon viec nhd gidng vign budng dan, vi du nhu ngn lam dg cuong trudc kbi dgn nhd gidng vign (eho dtl chua hodn chinb) vi qua do, gidng vign se dg ddng y hon boi thay sinh vign da c6 sy tim tdi, nghign eiru nhat dinh vg vdn dg sap nghign ctru so vdi nhirng sinh vign chua tim higu gi vg van dg dd Thu num, thay ddi miit sd quan niem ve dg tai nghign eiru khoa hpc: Van dg ndy can sy nhin nhdn ttr nhigu phia: sinh vign, gidng vign hudng ddn, gidng vign chdm, dpc gid^^ Can thay ddi nhiing quan niem nhu: Mpt cdng trinb pbdi iron irTnh ba ehuong md khdng ngn Id bai chuang hay phdn van dg ldm nhieu phan nhd dg trinh bay (tat nhign sir thay ddi ndy cung cdn tirng dg tdi nghign ciru), digu ndy se thg hien dugc sir sdng tao ciia sinh vign vd can dugc khuygn khich; thay ddi thir ty cdc chuong nhu thirc trang - li luan - gidi phdp thay cho li ludn - thyc trang - gidi phdp (de lam dugc digu cdn sy manh dan liin ddi vdi sinh vign va tdt nhign di kem vdi nd, tdc gid cting phdi cd edch vigt hgp li, dung dan vd trdnh tinh trang phdn qua ddi, phdn qua ngan); khdng ngn dua cdc ygu cau cao vg li luan ma ngn tap trung nghign ciru thyc trang phdn tich, li gidi dugc thyc trang chi dugc cdc vudng mac, bat cap viec thyc hien, tudn thu phdp ludt; higu dimg ddn vg tinb thyc tign ciia de tai nghign ciru khoa hpc ITnh vyc phdp li (khdng tbg cd kgt qua dp dyng thyc tign tire tbi nbu cdc ngdnh khoa hpc ty nhign-kT thudt) Nhtrng quan niem ndy hien cd le se khd thay ddi TAP CHi LUAT H O C S O 7/2010 DAO TAO nhung thigt nghT eung ngn dua day dg ban bac, ddnh gid vd dp dyng dan dan Thir suu, da dang hod cac hinh thirc bo trg nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign: Cac hinh thirc bo trg nghien eiru khoa hpc sinh vien d ddy cung co thg higu la ciic hinh thirc nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign dat ngn tdng cho sinh vign tham gia cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc Phdng quan li khoa hpc ngn dua nhung cdng trinh nghign ciru khoa hpc eiia sinh vign cd chat lupng hang nam lgn thu vien dg cdc sinh vign khac cd thg tham khao vd bpe hoi, giao luu.'" * mpt sd cuiie thi khac nhu cuiie thi Eureka ciia Thanh doan TP Hd Chi Minh c6 kg hoiich su dyng cdng trinh nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign dg lam ngdn hang de lai nghign ciru khoa hpc cho sinh vign tham khao, hpc hoi Ngay 10/12/2008, ngdn hang nghign ctru khoa hpc sinh vien ddi cimg vdi thu vien nghign ctru khoa hoc tai try so Thanh doan TP Hd Chi Minh, Id rioi dang ldi va luu gitr nhtrng nghign eiru khoa hpc dugc vao chung kgt cupc thi Eureka sudt 10 nam qua Co thg kg dgn miii so hinh thirc bo trg khae nhu: Cac budi thao luan chuygn dg, toa ddm kT nang vigt va thyc bien dg tai nghign ciru khoa hpc (chii trpng dgn nhirng cdeh thirc vigt, trinh bdy dg tai mdi, niiing tinh sang lao cao); day manh boat ddng eua ede cau liic bp hpc thuat trudng tao moi irudng cho sinh vign tham gia trinh bay nhu'ng nghign ctru ban ddu cua minh; cd nhtrng sdn choi quy md nhd nhu npi san,'""'dign dan Tdm lai, qua nhung phdn tich d trgn, chtmg ta ed the khang dinh rang cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc la siin choi tri tue day bd ich va li thii eho cac cu nhan luiil TAP CHi LUAT H O C S O 7/2010 tuong lai ren luyen mpt so kT nang can thigt eho nghe nghigp sau nay; can co nhung giai phap niiinh dan ban nua dg thtic day hoiit dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc noi chung va cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc Khoa hpc la sang tiio va khong e6 cong thirc chung hoac phuong phdp chudn myc nao cho boat dpng nghign cti'u khoa bpe.'"""' Tuy nhign, chuan bi cho sinh vien mpt nhin nhan so khai ban dau vg nghign ciin khoa hpc ddng thdi khoi nguon dam mg nghign ciru cho sinh vign la digu can thigt Cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc da gdp phan ldn mue tieu nhan tbire cho sinh vign ndi chung va sinh vign luat ndi rigng Hi vpng se CO nhigu trao doi ban vg van dg dg thirc hien dugc nhung muc dich eua nghign ciru khoa hoc sinh vign./ (1) Vi du nhu Ciiu lac bg luat gia ire (Hdi sinh vien Trudng Dai hoc Luat Ha Ngi Khoa Luat - Dai hge qudc gia Ha Ndij Cau lac bg khoa hoc phiip li (Hdi sinh vien Trudng Dai hge Luin LP, Hd Chi Minh) (2) Cac cugc thi Olympic cac mon Mac-Lenin, tu tuong Hd Chi Minh lu phiip qudc le luat hinh su va id lung hinh sir cugc thi "Chan dung ngudi bao ve phiip luat" ciia Trudng Dili hoc Luat Ha Ngi va ii'udng Dai hge Luat TP Hd Chi Minh (3) Cac budi dien an luat kinh te, dan sir, lao dgng cua irudng Dai hoc Luiil Ha Ngi hay Cugc tin Moot Competition 2009 Trudng Dai hge Luat TP Hd Chi Minh dang cai td chiic (4), (20).Xem: TS Biii Dang Hieu KJ ndng nghien cuu khoa hoc ddnh cho sinh vien Irudng Dgi hoc Lugt Hd Ngi Ndi san luat gia tre (Hdi sinh vien Trudng Dai hge Luat Ha Ngi), 02/2008, tr.l8 19 (5) Day chi la nhung nhan dinh dugc riit tii' hoat ddng nghien ciiu khoa hge cimg nhu cudc thi sinh vien nghien ciru khoa hge ciia sinh vien ngiinh luat (Trudng iiai hoc Luat Ha Ngi, Trudng Dai hge Luat TP Hd Chi Minh, Khoa luat - Dai hoc qudc gia Ha Ngi ) nen cd the cd mot sd diem khdng gidng vdi cac ngiinh khac 75 OAO TAO (6), (8), (9) (14), (19), (23).Xem: LS Nguyen Van Van, May suy nghT ve hoat dgng nghien ciiu khoa hoc cua Sinh vien Trudng Dai hoc Luat TP Hd Chi Minh, I'gp chi khoa hoc phdp li, sd 1/2003 (7) Tuy nhien den nhung niim gan day (2007 2009) so lugng de tiii Iham gia hang nam chi d miic 30 - 35 de uii (10) Vi du nhu liudng Dai hge Luai Hii Ngi qua nam ihain gia cugc thi ciip bg (2001 - 2008) vdi 56 cdng irinh ihi cd 53 cdng trinh dat giai (II) Sd lugng cdng uinh mdi trudng iham du Bg giiio due va dao lao phan bd dua trt;n tdng sd sinh vien ciia trudng Vi du nhu o rrudng Dai hge Luat Hii Ndi, til niim 2006 iro ve trudc dugc phep gui cdng trinh tit niim 2007 dugc phep giri cdng trinh den nam 2009 dugc gui cdng trinh (12) Trong cugc thi sinh vien nghien cii'u khoa hoc nam 2008 cua irudng Dai hge Luat Ha Ngi da cd sinh vien ihuc hien de tiii thudc mdn dai cuong van hoii Viet Nam (13) Xem: IS Le Net Huong ddn phirong phdp nghien cuu khoa hoc cho sinh vien, ngudn: http: licmulaw.edu.vn, (15) Iham chi, o mgi sd irudng cd sinh vien lit luc liim cdng trinh den doat giai ciip bg chuii mgt lan dugc gap giiio vien hudng dan, mgi irao ddi neu co ciing chi qu;i hinh thirc giitn liep (nhu email ) klidng thi chi lii) ien nguoi huong diin nhung ihuc su khdng cd "su hudng diin" qua trinh nghien ciru khoa hoc (16i Dieu na\ se huu ich ddi vdi nhung co sd dao tiio CO thoi diem phiil dgng cuoc ihi va nhan de tiii cua Sinh vien qua gim (17) liudng Dili hge Luai TP Hd Chi Minh la mdt nhirng co so dao lao luat thuc hien thudng xuyen mo hinh hgi nghi nil) (18) Giai phap niiy da dugc ii-udng Dai hge lao dgng & xi\ hdi (Mil Ndi) ap dung irong nhieu niim qua (21) Phdng quim li khoa hge Trudng Dai hge Luat Hii Ngi lii mot irong nhung don vi da thuc hien dieu nii\ mang lai nhieu hieu irng tdt cho sinh vien (22) Hien nay, Ndi san luat gia tre cua Cau lac bo luin gia tre (Hgi sinh vien i'rudng Dai hge Luiil Ila Ngi) la md hinh vdi nhieu ddi mdi, thuc su la siin choi tri tue cho sinh vien dam me nghien citu khoa hge irong rrudnu 76 KINH NGHIEM XAY DI/NG PHAP LUAT VE (liip theu trung 54) ' ' Nhin chung, cd thg thay mac dii dgu ludn thu cdc nguygn tac chung ciia chg dinh trdeh nhiem san phdm nliung mdi qudc gia khdi ASEAN, ben canh nhtrng quy dinh chung dgu cd nbung quy dinh tirong ddi dac thil vg van dg ndy Vg mat hinh thirc, cdc nude cd thg dua nhirng quy dinh vdo miit phdn cua dao luat vg bdo ve ngudi tigu dtmg, bode quy dinb mpt dao ludt rigng Vg mat npi dung, digm tao sir khac biet ldn nhat cd tbg ndi chinh la Philippines va Indonesia - bai qude gia khdng chi khang dinh nguygn li md hp dp dyng Id trach nhiem nghigm ngat ma edn mo rpng dgn cdc sdn pham dich vy, digu md ca cdc qude gia phdt trien Id Hoa Ky va Lign minh chau Au cho dgn van chua dam dp dung Trong do, vdi tu each Id dao ludt dugc ban hdnh gdn ddy nhdt, quy dinh vg eo chg dp dung trach nhiem sdn pham luat eiia Thdi Lan dugc quy dinh tuong ddi ehi tigt va dae biet, thiet hai duge mo riing dgn ca nhung thiet bai vg tinh than Digm dang chii y ntia la Thai Lan khdng sil' dyng khdi niem san phdm cd khuygt tdt ma su dung khdi niem sdn phdm khdng an loan Tuy iiiiign, bgn canh mgt sd kliac biet thi phdp luat vg trach nhiem san pham eua cdc quoc gia ASEAN dugc ngu o tren dgu da thg hien sy tigp can tirong ddi day dii vdi cdc li thuyet vg trach nliieni san phdm ciia cdc nudc phdt trign vd vg CO ban dgu dp dung nguygn tdc vg trdeh nhiem nghigm ngat Dieu ndy klidng dinh sy quan tdm dgn cbinh sdch bdo ve ngirdi tigu dimg eua eac qudc gia ASEAN va ddng thai the hien ygu cdu doi vdi cae doanh nghigp viec ndng cao trdeh nhiem nghg nghigp, trdeh nhiem ddi vdi xa bdi./ TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 7/2010 ... hinh thirc nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign dat ngn tdng cho sinh vign tham gia cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc Phdng quan li khoa hpc ngn dua nhung cdng trinh nghign ciru khoa hpc eiia sinh. .. nhung thigt nghT eung ngn dua day dg ban bac, ddnh gid vd dp dyng dan dan Thir suu, da dang hod cac hinh thirc bo trg nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign: Cac hinh thirc bo trg nghien eiru khoa hpc sinh. .. trang cuoc thi sinh vien nghien ciiu khoa hoc ciia sinh vien luat hien Qua kinh nghiem mdt sd nam tham gia boat ddng nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi chung vd cupc thi sinh vign nghign cim khoa hpc noi