M U C D O T R I G l r i C V R N D O N G C O B A N CUR TR€ MfiU GIRO 3 4 TUOI • TS DANG HONG PHUTJNG Trudng Dai hoc Supham Ha Npi 1 Dat van de Tuoi mlu giao (MG) la Ida tudi cac qua trinh nhan thdc va[.]
M U C D O TRI GlriC V R N D O N G CO BAN CUR TR€ MfiU GIRO 3-4 TUOI • TS DANG HONG PHUTJNG Trudng Dai hoc Supham Dat van de Tuoi mlu giao (MG) la Ida tudi cac qua trinh nhan thdc va van dong cua tre dang phat then manh, nhung cung can sU chi dan, giup dd cua ngudi Idn Ddi vdi tre MG, ngddi Idn can phai quan tarn hudng din ca qua trinh nhan thdc cam tinh cua nd Tre cd hieu va thuc hien dUdc nhdng yeu cau ve van dong hay khong, phu thuoc vao nhieu yeu to nhd: sU hieu td, sU phat then van dong, dac diem phat then tamsinh li, nhung cung phu thuoc nhieu vao mUc tri giac (TG) van dong cua chung [5], [6] Xuat phat tdthuc tien, chung tdi thay nhieu tre MG 3-4 tudi lung tung thuc hien van dong co ban (VDCB) nhudi, chay, nhay, nem vi khau td chdc TG VDCB yeu Theo chung toi, neu td chdc tot khau dau tien, dd la tien hanh cho tre TG VDCB tot, thi se dd dang thuc hien nhung yeu cau cua VDCB Dieu cung phu hdp vdi quan diem cua P la Ganperin ve cac Bddc hinh thao tac tri tue Td dd, chung tdi xac dinh nghien cdu TG VDCB cua tre MG 3-4 tudi va thong qua dd de xuat nhdng bien phap (BP) nang cao mdc TG VDCB d tre Trong bai bao chung tdi trinh bay torn tat phan nghien cdu thdc nghiem cua cong trinh ddpc thdc hien tuan td 8/9/2008 den 31/10/2008 tai trudng mam non Hoa Hong - Cau Gia'y- Ha Npi Chung tdi chpn hai Idp MG 3-4 tudi Idp A thdc nghiem (TN) va Idp B ddi chdng (DC) lam khach the nghien cdu, mdi Idp 30 tre Chung toi xac dinh nhiem vu dd la: tim hieu thdc trang mdc dp TG VDCB d tre MG 3-4 tudi va xay dung BP tac dpng nham nang cao mUc dp TG VDCB d tre MG 3-4 tudi Chung toi sd dung phddng phap (PP) nghien cdu chinh la thdc nghiem (TN) kiem tra trddc va sau tac dpng (TN1 va TN2), thdc nghiem tac dpng (BP1 va BP2), ket hpp vdi cac PP khac, dd la quan sat, dam thoai, toan hpc thdng ke Cac giai doan TN 32 Ha Npi Trddc tien hanh cac giai doan TN, chung tdi da thd mdc dp TG VDCB cua tre d hai Idp nghien cdu bang cac each khac nhau, nhim muc dich tim each danh gia phu hdp, Cach this nhat, chung toi td chdc cho tre xem cac hinh anh ve VDCB, rdi yeu cau tre gpi ten va md ta bang Idi Dieu khd ddi vdi tre, bdi vi mau tri giac han che Day lai la tri giac tranh ve cac VDCB d dang "tinh", nen khong dung vdi yeu cau cua TN Cach thi!hai, giao vien (GV) tap mau VDCB rdi hdi tre: "Co vda tap dpng tac gi?", "Co di, chay nhu the nao?" trudng hpp cung khong phu hdp vi tre chda the dien ta lai nhdng VD dd bang Idi Cach this ba, tre tri giac VDCB GV lam mau, rdi sau dd yeu cau tre minh hoa VD dd bang each ve hoac nan Viec la qua khd ddi vdi tre, vi sUthe hien "dudng net" cua cac VD doi hdi ngddi ve hay nan phai dat dddc mdc dp hpi hoa nhat dinh mdi cd the mo ta ddpc Cach thu- tu, GV tap mlu VDCB cho tre quan sat, rdi yeu cau tre tap lai Bang each nay, da sd tre cd the tap lai ddpc Nhd vay, thong qua dpng tac cua tre ta cd the kiem tra mdc dp TG VDCB ciia chung, vi hinh anh ma tre vda tri giac ddpc the hien qua viec tre thdc hien cac VDCB dd nhd the nao [5] Giai doan 1: TN dieu tra trddc tac dpng (TN1), mdc dp TG VDCB cua tre d hai Idp A va B Muc dich tim hieu mdc dp TG VDCB cua tre d hai Idp dddc nghien cdu trudc tac dpng Giai doan TN tac dpng gdm hai BP: BP1 va BP2 Vdi Idp DC B, chung toi cho tre TG VDCB TN2 theo each thuc hien binh thudng: TG VDCB khong chia Idp nhdm va khong cho tre TG dudi hinh thUc tro chdi VD tddng dng Vdi Idp A, chung toi tied hanh TN tac dpng BP1 va BP2 BP1: chia Idp TN A hai nhdm nhoAl va A2, mdi nhdm 15 tre gdm nam va nd de TG VDCB theo nhdm BP2: td chdc TG VDCB dudi hinh thdc trp choi KHGD so 56, thdng - 2010 CLfU •Khoa hoc Gido due VD tddng dng De co the thay ro tac dung cua tdng BP tac dong, chung toi thay ddi each thdc TG ddi vdi mot hai nhdm Nhdm A1: hddng dan tre TG VDCB theo BP1 va phddng phap (PP) cua Idp B (BP1 + PP B) Vdi nhdm A2: td chdc tre TG VDCB dddi hinh thdc trd chdi VD tddng dng (BP1 +BP2) Chung tdi sd dung cac VDCB d TN2 de thdc hien BP tac dpng d Idp A va khong tac dpng d Idp B Ket qua thdc nghiem 3.1 Thuc trang mtic TG VDCB cua tre: dung TN1 de TG VDCB cua tre, chung toi thu ddpc ket qua d bang va bieu nhd sau: nhdm VDCB sau, mdc dp tri giac kern hdn vi cd nhdng tre d mdc dp yeu (16,67%; 23.33%) Diem so TB cung cho thay, tre dat mdc dp TG kha hdn ca d nhdm VDCB1 (3,72), rdi den nhdm VOCB2 (3,2), sau dd den nhdm VOCB3 (2,75) va cudi cung la nhdm VOCB4 (2,67) Ket qua la hpp li vi nhdm VDCB1 ddpc xuat hien d tre qua trinh phat then ca the sdm nhat Nhdm VDCB1 cung ddn gian nhat, cang den cac nhdm VDCB sau thi mdc dp khd khan cua sdTG VDCB cung tang len [4] Khi so sanh mdc dp TG VDCB d hai Idp A va B ta thay, d nhdm VOCB1 da so tre d hai Idp Bang 1: Muc dd TG VDCB d hai Idp A va B trudc tac dpng (TN1) Mire Nhom VDCB Tot Kha Trung binh Yeu So luWng (SL) % SL % SL % SL L6p thdc nghiem A (30) 4 0 0 16,67 20 66,66 3,33 10 33,33 16,67 19 63,34 6,67 21 70 20 19 63,33 14,67 0: 3,33 12 40 17 % X L6p ddi chdng B (30) 3,7 3,15 13,33 21 70 16,67 2,7 23,33 2,65 3,75 Bieu 1: Diem trung binh cpng (TBC) ve mdc dd TG VDCB cua hai Idp TN A va DC B d TN1 Nhom VDCB1 Nhom VDCB Bang va bieu cho thay, nhdm VDCB, d nhdm VDCB1 va 2: 100% tre ddpc nghien cdu dat mdc dp tdTB trd len, vdi hai KHGD so 56, thdng - 2010 56,67 16,67 20 66,66 3,25 16,67 2,8 13,33 19 63,34 23,33 2,7 Z 50) - 11 0 18,33 3,33 22 39 15 10 65 36,67 41 10 36 40 16,67 60 68,33 66,67 0 10 14 16,67 23,33 3,72 3,2 2,75 2,67 dat mdc dp kha trd len (66,66%; 63,33%), vdi nhdm VDCB2 dat mdc dp TB (63,34%; 66,66%), vdi nhdm VDCB3 va ca hai Idp deu cd cung so tre dat mdc dp TB (70%) va yeu (23,33%) Nhd vay, mdc dp TG VDCB d hai Idp A va B la tddng dddng Qua dieu tra thdc trang, chung toi cd nhan xet: so Iddng tre dong (30 tre) nen cd anh hddng den TG mau VDCB d tre, chang han vi tri, khoang each xa, gan Cach hddng dan cua GV cdng nhac, hinh anh VDCB chda gay ndng thu d tre Oe nang cao mdc dp TG VDCB cua tre, chung toi thd kiem nghiem hai BP tac dpng BP1 va BP2 ddi vdi Idp TN A 3.2 Muc dp TG VDCB ciia tre sau tac ddng: Ian thd hai chung toi sd dung bai TN2 TN2 cung bao gdm nhdm VDCB nhd d 33 TN1: nhom VOCB1: di, chay, bai tap thang bang; nhom VOCB2: bat xa tai cho, bat xa, bat sau; nfidm VDCB3: nem, chuyen, bat; nhom VDCB4; bo, trddn treo Nhi/ng bai tap Ian hai (TN2) nang cao hdn nhdng bai tap Ian (TN1) Chlng han nhd: kieu di phdc tap hdn, tang khoang each bat xa, bat sau td xa hdn, cao hdn nhdng vln dam bao phu hdp vdi sd phat then VD cua tre He thdng thang diem danh gia cua chung toi cung nhd vdi TN1 Moi nhdm VDCB diem tdi da la Mdi nhdm chia mdc dp, dddc quy ddc nhd: mdc dp tot: 18 den 20 diem (4,5 den 5d); mdc dp kha: 14 den can 18 diem (3,5 den can 4,5d); mdc dp TB: 10 den can 14 diem (2,5 den can 3,5d); mdc dp yeu: den can 10 diem (0 den can 2,5d), 3.2.1 So sanh mac dp TG VDCB cua tre d lop TN va DC: trddc day thdc trang mdc dp TG VDCB cua tre d hai Idp A va B ta thay tre b hai Idp cd mdc dp TG VDCB tddng dddng Nhdng qua mot qua trinh ap dung BP tac dpng vao Idp TN A ta da thu ddpc ket qua khac the hien d bang va bieu Bang va bieu cho thay, neu d Idp B ket qua gan nhd khong thay ddi so vdi TN1 (chi cd nhdm VDCB1 la cd y nghTa), thi d Idp TN A mdc dp TG VDCB cua tre vddt len kha nhieu, ddng thdi cung vdpt len so vdi mdc dp TG VDCB cua tre d Idp DC B Ket qua mot Ian nda da chdng minh tinh kha thi cua viec ap dung hai BP tac dpng BP1 va BP2 se lam thay ddi mdc dp TG VDCB d tre Bang 2: Mdc dp tri giac VDCB d hai Idp A va B (TN2) Nhdm \ V O C B Muc Tot Kha Trung binh Yeu Ldp thdc nghiem A (30) SL 12 % SL 40 30 13,33 16 18 19 19 % 53,33 60 63.33 SL 19 % 6,67 SL X X A- X B Tsd giura TN1 va TN2 Ldp ddi chdng B (30) 0 19 14 63,33 63,33 46,67 13,33 16,67 21 21 17 20 19 10 23,33 33,33 16,67 53,33 70 63,33 0 0 16,67 20 % 20 3,33 4,06 3,99 3,84 3,48 0,44 0,9 1,25 0,86 3,3 9,4 9,8 6,6 3,62 3,09 2,59 2,62 2j9 2,3 2,1 / Bieu 2: Diem TBC Ve mdc dp TG VDCB cua tre hai Idp TN A va DC B d TN Nhom Nhom Nhom Nhom VDCB1 VDCB2 VDCB3 VOCB4 34 3.2.2 So sanh mdc dp TG VDCB cua hai nhom A1 va A2 (TN2) Bang va bieu cho thay, nhdm VOCB1 nhdm A2 cd 53,33% so tre dat mdc dd tot; khong cd tre nao d mdc dp TB va yeu, Trong dd, nhdm A1 chi cd 26,67% so D Ldp TN A tre dat mdc dp tot va van 13,33% so tre • L6p DC B dat mdc TB Diem TB cua nhom A1 la 3,93, cua nhdm A2 la 4,2: chenh lech 0,27 diem cac nhdm VDCB 2,3,4 cung deu thay ro tre d nhom A2 dat mdc dp TG KHGD so 56, thang - 2010 •Khoa hoc Gido due curu Bang 3: Mdc TG VDCB cua hai nhom A1 va A2 (TN2) Nhom VDCB MiTc TOT KHA TRUNG BINH YEU 4 SL % 26,67 20 6.66 53,33 40 20 SL 9 7 12 13 % 60 60 46.67 40 46,67 60 80 86.67 SL 0 " %"" 13,33 20 46.67 53.33 SL 0 _ 6,78 % 3,93 X XA2- Nhom A2 Nhom A1 3,77 3,33 X AI B/eu 3: Diem TBC ve mdc TG VDCB cua tre hai nhom A1 va A2 • Nhom A1 • Nhom A2 Nhom VDCB3 VDCB cao hdn d nhdm A1 Cd the li giai nguyen nhan chu yeu cua sd chenh lech dd la viec sd dung cac BP tac dong khac ddi vdi hai nhdm Ca hai nhdm tre deu cd 15 tre (8 nd va nam), deu dddc TG cac VDCB khoang thdi gian nhd nhdng d nhdm A1 chung toi chi ap dung BP1, d nhdm A2 chung toi sd dung ca hai BP tac dong BP1 va BP2 BP2 cung la TGVO dd, nhdng cac VD dd da dddc "gan" cho nhdng y nghTa nhat dinh, trd chdi tre dddc "ddng vai" dd, cac hinh anh VDCB de "tham nhap" vao tre hdn, kich thich qua trinh TG VDCB d tre, dda tre vao hoat dong chu dao cua chung, tre the hien het kha nang cua minh [3] Qua day ta thay, each thdc td chdc tre qua trinh TG la rat quan trong, dung nhd quy luat ve tinh cd y nghTa cua TG Neu chi don dieu cho tre TG VDCB mot each binh thddng nhd kieu bai tap mot each "khd khan" thi chi dem lai mot ket qua binh thddng Song neu tich ede hda qua KHGD so 56, thdng 5-2010 3,1 _ i 3.33 16,67 20 4,2 4,23 4,1 3,87 0,27 0,46 0,77 0,77 trinh TG VDCB cua tre, chang han "dda" qua trinh TG dddi dang cac trd chdi VD thi ban than tre cam thay cd "y nghTa", chinh vi vay ma thu hut dddc kha nang TG cua tre Ket luan Nghien cdu TG VDCB cua tre MG la mot viec lam kha mdi me nddc cung nhd tren the gidi Cdng trinh da tim BP nang cao mdc TG VDCB d tre, dap dng yeu cau phat then the Idc cho tre Van dung quan diem tarn li hpc Macxit vac viec nghien cdu mdc dp TG VOCB [2], [5], cong trinh da khang dinh ring mdc dp TG VOCB cua tre chda dap dng ddpc yeu cau vi day tre GV chda chu y den khau td chdc tri giac Neu thdc hien hai BP tac dpng BP1 va BP2 se lam thay ddi mdc dp TG VOCB d tre Ca hai BP tac dpng deu cd tac dung tich ede den mdc dp TG VOCB cua tre nhdng viec td chdc tre TG VDCB dddi hinh thdc tro chdi VD tddng dng cd tac dung nang cao mdc dp TG VDCB cua tre mot each ro rang hdn - dat hieu qua cao hdn Td day, chung tdi de xuat mot so yeu cau can chu y td chdc qua trinh TG VOCB cho tre: - Khi bat dau qua trinh TG VOCB, GV can giang giai npi dung mdi bai tap Giai thich bang gipng hoat bat, ro rang, ngan gpn, vi sd chu y cua tre djda tudi thddng chda ben, chung khong the tap trung thdi gian dai Tot nhat la, hay lam mau nhieu hdn, lam mau theo PP "soi gddng", nghTa la ddng ddi ngddc vdi tre va lam dpng tac VDCB khac ben vdi tre Vi du GV gid chan phai trddc, tre se gid chan trai 35 Khoa hoc Gido due tarda Neu lap dong, nen chia Idp nhdm nhd, moi nhdm mot GV phu tracts - GV can suy nghi ten gpi de nhd cho mdi dpng tac, hoac chpn tro chdi VD tddng dng, de td Idi dau tien tre da cd the hieu la no phai lam gi Bai tap dddi dang tro chdi se hap dan tre, gay cam xuc tot, lam cho qua trinh TG nhanh hdn dam net hdn nhdng dieu quan la nhdng bai tap phai phu hdp vdi Ida tudi va sd phat trien cua mdi tre - Cudi cung la yeu cau ve sd chuan bi cua GV den budi tap cua tre: trang phuc cua tre va GV phai gpn gang, dung cu cho budi tap phu hpp vdi tre va quan trpng la viec thdc hien mau bai tap VD cua GV phai chinh xac, day du, song phai nhe nhang thoai mai, khong go bd bdi GV la ngddi the hien ddi tddng TG - hinh anh mau VD cua tre Tren day la mot so ket qua chung toi thu dddc td thdc nghiem, vdi so Iddng tre chda nhieu (hai Idp, mdi Idp 30 tre), nhdng da khang dinh tinh hieu qua cua viec ap dung hai BP tac dpng vao qua trinh TG VDCB d tre Dd la cong viec can thiet nham gop phan cai tien npi dung va phddng phap giao due van dpng cho tre MG 3-4 tudi ndi rieng va giao due tre mam non noi chung VE S A C H GIAO K H O A (Tiep theo trang 31) cai, van, td, cum td, cau Hoat dpng dddc tien hanh mdi tiet hpc vdi nhieu muc dich khac Mot la, giup tre nhd mat chd, cho nen cd the sd dung bang ghep am td hoac chi viet tren bang vdi kieu chd thddng Muc dich ddpc thdc hien tdng tiet hpc khac O tiet hpc vdi muc dich hinh phat am, hoat dpng viet chi ddng lai d viec ghi nhd mat chd; d tiet luyen tap md rpng, hoat dpng viet can viet phan biet cac td ngd, Hai la luyen viet nham ren luyen cho hpc sinh kT nang viet Muc tieu cu the thddng ddpc tien hanh nhdng tiet hpc rieng Sach dddc bien soan va da thd nghiem tai mot so cd sd chuyen biet day tre khiem thinh va hoat dpng ren luyen tieng Viet gid hd trd ca nhan cho tre dang hpc hoa nhap Ket qua thd nghiem da cho thay sach phu hdp vdi tre khiem thinh d mdc dp nang va giup giao vien, phu TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO huynh day tre diec ndi hieu qua hdn Hoang Chung (1994), Phuong phap thong ke toan hoc TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO khoa hoc giao due NXB Giao due Pham Minh Hac (1988), Tarn li hoc NXB Giao due Tran Ddng Lam (1986), Trd choi van dong mau giao.1 Bao cao thuc trang chuong trinh giao due tai cac c giao due chuyen biet, Vien Khoa hpc Giao due, 2006 NXB The' due the thao Chuong trinh giao due chuyen biet danh cho tre k Dang Hong Phuong (2008), Li luan va phuong phap thinh, Vien Khoa hpc Giao due Viet Nam, 2009 giao due the chat cho tre em lira tuoi mam non NXB Doan Thien Thuat, Ngu am Tieng Viet, NXB Giao due Dai hoc Su pham P A Rudich (1986), Tarn li hoc NXB The due the thao Ha Ndi, 1982 Ha Noi Quigley, P., & Paul, P.V (1990), Language and A V Petrdvxki (1982), Tarn li hpc lira tuoi va tarn li hocDeafness, College-Hill Press San Diego, California supham NXB Giao due Van Uden, A (1977), A World of language for Dea Children, Part 1, Basic Principle, Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger SUMMARY The author addresses the status of basic perceptual- SUMMARY motor level by kindergarten children of 3-4 years with certain limitations, based on which measures are proposed The article introduces the School book 1A, and 1B for improvement of basic perceptual-motor level: grouping learning Vietnamese language for deaf children" incl into groups with different perceptual-motor levels and the aims, principles, structure of the books The guid organizing basic perceptual-motor activities as motion for the teaching lesson Vietnamese with activities activities Through surveys and experiences the author shown in the article proves the feasibility of the proposed measures 36 KHGD so 56, thdng - 2010 ... chdng B (30 ) 0 19 14 63, 33 63, 33 46 ,67 13, 33 16,67 21 21 17 20 19 10 23, 33 33, 33 16,67 53, 33 70 63, 33 0 0 16,67 20 % 20 3, 33 4, 06 3, 99 3, 84 3, 48 0 ,44 0,9 1,25 0,86 3, 3 9 ,4 9,8 6,6 3, 62 3, 09 2,59... thdc nghiem A (30 ) 4 0 0 16,67 20 66,66 3, 33 10 33 ,33 16,67 19 63, 34 6,67 21 70 20 19 63, 33 14, 67 0: 3, 33 12 40 17 % X L6p ddi chdng B (30 ) 3, 7 3, 15 13, 33 21 70 16,67 2,7 23, 33 2,65 3, 75 Bieu 1:... 3, 25 16,67 2,8 13, 33 19 63, 34 23, 33 2,7 Z 50) - 11 0 18 ,33 3, 33 22 39 15 10 65 36 ,67 41 10 36 40 16,67 60 68 ,33 66,67 0 10 14 16,67 23, 33 3,72 3, 2 2,75 2,67 dat mdc dp kha trd len (66,66%; 63, 33% ),