Tgp chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM 86 34 ndm 2012 THVC TRANG MUC DO DjNH H U 6 N G TRONG KHONG GIAN CUA TRE MAU GIAO 5 6 TUOI QUA HE T H 6 N G BAI TAP DO NGHIEM NGUYEN TH! HANG NGA'''' TOM T A T Bdi bdo di cap[.]
Tgp chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM 86 34 ndm 2012 THVC TRANG MUC DO DjNH H U N G TRONG KHONG GIAN CUA TRE MAU GIAO 5-6 TUOI QUA HE T H N G BAI TAP DO NGHIEM NGUYEN TH! H A N G NGA' TOM T A T Bdi bdo di cap vl' Ihuc trgng mice dinh htedng Irong khdng gian (DHTKG) ciia Ire mdu gido 5-6 ludi d mqt sd tnrdng mdm non Iren dia hdn Thiinh phd Ho Chi Minh (TPHCM) Kit qud khdo sal budc ddu cho thdy: Mice dd DHTKG ciia Ire mdu gido (MG) 5-6 tudi cdn tuang doi thdp chua phdt triin lieang xirng vdi tiem ndng nhdn ihicc khong gian cita tre Irong giai dogn ndy Tu'khda: djnh hudng khdng gian Ire mau gido 5-6 tudi ABSTRACT The status of levels of spatial orientation by 5-6 year old preschool children through the system of tests The article is about Ihe status of levels of spatial orientation of 5-6 year old preschool children at some preschools in HCMC The findings show that the level of spatial orientation by 5-6 years old preschool children is relatively low compared with the development of cognitive potential al this stage Keywords: spatial orientation, 5-6 year old preschool children Dat vdn de Vifc hinh su djnh hudng khdng gian cho trd giir vai trd ddc bift quan trgng d tmdng mam non (MN) Bat ki hogt ddng nao ciia tre d Irudng MN ciing cin din sy DHTKG Sy DHTKG dugc xem Id mgt nhiing dieu kifn cin thill de hinh su nhgn thiic va phat tridn nhan each eiia trd, Vi thi, vifc phat tridn kha ndng DHTKG eho tre tir lira tudi MN Id vd ciing can thill Dgc bift, ddi vdi tre 5-6 tudi, kha ndng DHTKG tdt se giiip Ire thich nghi cao vdi vifc hgc tap d phd thdng Tuy nhidn, nhiiu Ii khach quan va chu quan, hifn miic DHTKG cua trd ' ThS, Topdng Dgi hpc Su phgm TPHCM 48 5-6 tudi edn thap so vdi tidm nang cua tre giai dogn nay, Khdi qudt ve qud trinh dieu tra thuc trang 2.1 Mgc dich diiu tra Nhim danh gia thyc trgng miic hinh sy DHTKG cua tre 5-6 tudi d cac trudng MN trdn dja ban TPHCM hien nay, 2.2 B6i tuptng diiu tra Khao sat dugc thyc hifn vdi 168 tre 5-6 tudi cua cac trudng mim non d ndi va ngogi TPHCM, nhu: Trudng Mim non 12, qugn Tan Binh; Trudng Mim non Tudi Tho 7, Qugn 3; Trudng Mim non Son Ca, Qugn va Trudng Mim non Tan Phii, Qugn Nguyin Thi Hdng Nga Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM 2.3 Npi dung diiu tra Diiu tra miic DHTKG cua trd 56 tudi 2.4 Xdy dung bdi khao sdt muc dp DHTKG cua tre 5-6 tudi i) Ca sd xdy dimg bdi khdo sdt ddnh gid miic DHTKG D I xay dung hf thdng bai khao sat danh gia miic DHTKG cua tre 5-6 tudi, ehiing tdi dya vao co sd li luan sau: Khai nifm sy DHTKG Dgc dilm hinh sy DHTKG cua tre 5-6 tudi - Co chl tam Ii cua vife hinh thdnh sy DHTKG cho trd MN - Ndi dung chucmg trinh hinh sy DHTKG cho trd 5-6 tudi, ii) Ndi dung bdi khdo sdt m diiu tra mure DHTKG eiia tre, ehiing tdi thill kl bai khao sat gdm bai tap vdi cac nhifm vy DHTKG khae nhau, nhu: DHTKG hai ehilu, DHTKG ba ehilu trd liy minh lam ehuin, tre liy ngudi khae lam chuin va trd liy vat bit ki lam chuin Mdi bai tap dugc xay dyng bing hf thdng cac cdu hdi hoac cac ydu ciu tir dan gian din phiic tgp theo miic nhu sau: Mirc dd 1: Xac dinh vi tri ciia vat nim trdn trye hoac tilp giap vdi cae trye (trye thing diing, nim ngang, ehinh difn) eiia CO thi Ire, ciia ngudi khae hoac ciia ddi tugng bit ki liy lam chuin, Nhifm vy nhim myc dich miic phat triin hanh ddng tri giac ddng nhit vdi eae hudng KG chinh cua tre Mue dp 2: Xae djnh vj tri eae dd vat nim d viing KG giao thoa giira cac trye cua co thi trd, cua ngudi khdc hodc ciia vgt bit ki liy lam chuan, Nhifm vy ndy nhdm myc dieh miic phat trien hanh dfng tri giac doi ehilu vdi cac hudng KG chinh eua trd Mire d^ 3: Xde djnh moi quan hf KG cua cde vat so vdi nhau, Nhifm vy nhim myc dich miie dg tu KG cua trd vifc phan tieh, so sdnh, tdng hgp khai qudt hda nhim ddnh gia * mdi quan hf giiia eae vgt the khae KG, Bai khao sat gdm hf thdng bai tap vdi cac nhifm vy khae nhau: - Nhiem vu DHTKG ba chiiu, ed: Bai 1: Yeu ciu trd DHTKG tre liy minh lam chuan Bai 2: Ydu ciu tre DHTKG tre * lay ngudi khdc lam ehuan Bai 3: Yeu ciu tre DHTKG trd liy ddi tugng bit ki lam chuin, - Nhiem vu DHTKG hai ehieu, cd: Bai 4: Yeu ciu trd djnh hudng tren mat phing, 2.5 Thang ddnh gid mirc dp hinh thdnh su DHTKG cua tre Mdi bai tap cd cau, gdm: mue 1: cd cau 1, 2, 3; mice 2: cau 4, 5, 6; mice 3: eau 7, Tdng sd dilm ciia mdi bai la 10 dilm, Trong dd, thang dilm cy the cho timg cau the hifn d bang nhu sau: 49 86 34 ndm 2012 Tgp chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Bdng L Thang diim bdi khdo sdt mice dq DHTKG eho tre MG 5-6 tudi Sicdu tiing bdi XBdi tgp Muc df \^ Mgx: dp Tri gide d^ng nhat vdi cdc htfdng KG chinh (2 diem) Mirc dp Tri gide doi chieu vdi cdc htfdng KG chinh (4 diem) Mirc dp Ttf KG (4 dilm) Tong tiimg bdi Tong diem bat Bdil Do miic df DHTKG Tre liy minh ldm chuin Bdi Do muc df DHTKG Trd liy ngtfdi khdc ldm chuin Lan Lin 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 Bdi Do muc df DHTKG Bdi Do mvc dg d|nh htfdng Tri liy v|t bit ki ldm chuan Trdn m$t phdng 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 Cdul Cdu Cdu 0,5 0,5 I 0,5 0,5 1 Cdu Cdu Cdu 1 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 1 1 1 2 2 10 1 1 2 10 2 10 Cdu Cdu 10 40 diem Vdi thang didm tdng la 40, miic dg DHTKG cua trd dugc danh gid nhu sau: + Logi gidi: Trd dgt sd dilm tir 36 din 40 + Logi kha: Trd dgt so dilm tir 28 din dudi 36 + Logi tmng binh: Trd dgt so dilm tir 20 din dudi 28 + Logi yiu: Trd dgt dudi 20 dilm Ket qud dieu tra thyrc tr^ng Tiin hanh miirc dg DHTKG cua 168 trd MG 5-6 tudi bing each cho m5i tre thyc hifn dgc lgp bai khao sat tir 20 din 25 phut Sau kit thiic qua trinh khao sdt, dya vao thang danh gia da liinh bdy d bang 1, kit qua dugc ghi nh?n bang sau day: Bdng Thue trgng mirc dp DHTKG cua tre 5-6 tudi Kit qud So tre 168 50 Gidi SL Khd % 4,16 SL 50 % 29,76 Trung binh % SL 78 46,42 Yiu SL 33 X % 19,64 24,4 Tgp chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Bang cho thiy miic dg DHTKG cua tre MG 5-6 tudi tuomg ddi thip, chi d Nguyin Thf Hang Nga tiin hanh phan tieh miie dg DHTKG qua kit qua thyc hifn timg bdi tap vdi cdc nhifm vy khdc nhau, nhu djnh hudng khdng gian ba ehilu (khi trd liy minh Idm chuin, liy ngudi khae vd doi tugng bit ki lam ehuin), djnh hudng khdng gian hai ehilu (hay djnh hudng tren mdt phing) va qua miie dg phdt triin nhan thiic KG cua trd Kit qud dugc khdi quat d bdng nhu sau: miic trung binh (X = 24,4) Trong tdng sd 168 tre duge khao sat, 46,42% ed mire dg DHTKG dgt logi TB, 19,64% dgl logi yiu, ehi ed 4,16% cd mire DHTKG dgt logi gidi va 29,76% trd cd mirc dg DHTKG dgt logi khd, Dd danh gia khdch quan miic dg hinh sy DHTKG eua tre, chiing tdi Bdng Mice DHTKG eua tre MG 5-6 tudi qua kit qud thue hi?n timg bdi tap vd qua mde phdt trien nhdn thiee khdng gian ^ \ M u c df Bdi X^ Bdil DHTKG trd liy minh lam chuan Bdi DHTKG trd liy ngudi khae lam ehuan Bdi DHTKG trd liy r ddi tugng bat ki lam chuan Bdi DHTKG trd liy ddi tugng bit ki lam ehuin Tdng Muc dg (Tri gide dong nhat KG) Muc dg (Tn giac doi chieu vdi cdc hudng chinh KG) Muc df (Ttf KG) Ting Y Y Y Y 3,68 0,64 6,32 1,7 3,25 0,64 5,59 1,73 3,16 0,54 5,43 h9 3,68 1,48 7,06 1,83 3,44 0,82 24,4 51 86 34 ndm 2012 Tgp chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Bang cho thiy: i) Muc dg DHTKG ciia Ire qua kit qua thue hien tirng bai tap Id ehua eao vd cd sy chenh lech rd rft giira cdc bdi Cy the: d bai tap I- Ddnh gid mirc dg DHTKG tre liy minh lam chuin cd dilm trung binh (TB) la 6,32; d bai lap Danh gia mirc dg DHTKG tre liy ngudi khae lam ehuin cd dilm TB Id 5,59; d bai tap 3- Danh gid mirc dg DHTKG tre liy doi lugng bit ki lam ehuin ed dilm TB Id 5,43 vd d bai lap 4Danh gid miic dg djnh hudng trdn mdt phing cd dilm TB la 7,06 Mdc dii dilm trung binh edng (TBC) eiia trd thuc hifn bai khao sat dgt mirc TB (r=24,4) nhung dilm TB d timg bai tap ed sy khae bidt rd rft Cy thi nhu sau: - Miie djnh hudng khdng gian hai ehilu (Djnh hudng trdn mat phing d bai tap 4) cd dilm TB (7,06) cao hom bin so vdi miic DHTKG ba ehilu (bai tap la 6,32, bai tap Id 5,59 va bdi lap la 5,43) Qua trinh khdo sat cho f f / thay, da sd trd cd thd giai quydt ehinh xae cae nhifm vy djnh hudng trdn mat phing nhu: ehi cae phin cua mdt phing (phin trdn - phin dudi, phin phai phin trai, phin giua mdt phing), ehi limg vj tri ey thi tuomg img vdi timg phin (ben tren - bdn dudi, bdn phai - bdn trai) vd nhgn cae vj tri giao thoa giira trye phai - trdi va trdn dudi eua mat phing Chi cd sd it cac chau cdn chua phan bift dugc gdc trdn bdn phai vdi gdc dudi ben phai eua td giiy ho^c gdc trdn bdn trai td giiy vdi gdc dudi ben trai td giiy, Diiu cd thi giai thich ring m$t phing la KG hai ehilu chi cd hai hudng ca ban: 52 hudng phai trdi va hudng trdn - dudi nen tre dd ddng xdc djnh cac hudng va vj tri trdn nd han Id DHTKG ba chiiu vdi hf quy chiiu phiie lgp Mire dg DHTKG ba chidu cua tre tirng ndi dung: tre lay minh lam chuin (bdi tap 1), liy ngudi khdc lam chuin (bai tap 2) va liy vat bat ki lam chuin (bdi lap 3) cung cd sy chenh Ifch dang kl, Mirc DHTKG trd liy ngudi khae va ddi lugng bat ki lam chuan (dilm TB