TRIET HOC, SO 12 (235), THANG 12 2010 G I A N G D A Y T R l f r H O C 6 C H A U A D A N H GIA TUf Q U A N D I E M GIOI T I N H TRONG BOI C A N H H A N QUOC CHOE HYONDOK(,) Trong bai viet nay, tdc gid[.]
TRIET HOC, SO 12 (235), THANG 12-2010 G I A N G D A Y T R l f r H O C C H A U A D A N H G I A TUf Q U A N D I E M GIOI T I N H T R O N G B O I C A N H H A N QUOC CHOE HYONDOK (,) Trong bai viet nay, tdc gid da luan chdng delam rd rang sit xudt hien cua triet hoc nit quyen khdng cd nghia la mdt linh viic mdi cua triet hoc, md la mdt thach thdc nham gidi phdng triet hoc thoat khoi nhiing hqn che khdc xudt phdt tii sii mil md gidi tinh cua nd Ddng thdi, vdi quan niem dd, tdc gia de xudt nhiing cdi cdch diia quan diem gidi vdo chitdng trinh gidng day triet hoc d Hdn Qudc I Triet hoc v a stf m u mcV g i d i ngUdi theo gidi t i n h De t r i he thd'ng t h i can p h a i tao d i i n g mdt tinh he t u tUdng ve p h a n b i e t dd'i lap giiia dac t r U n g t h o n g t r i n a m q u y e n t r o n g n a m va n i i , n a m t i n h va n i i t i n h Su khoa hoc, ke ca khoa hoc n h a n van p h a n biet gidi t i n h l a i dUdc t a i T r i e t hoc c u n g k h o n g p h a i la trUOng hien hdp ngoai le Mac d u viec p h a n t u ve m a n g t i n h n h i n g u y e n giQa t r d i va cac dieu k i e n t i e m a n va t i e n l i e u la da't, l y t i n h ( t u duy) va cam t i n h (cam mdt t r o n g n h i i n g n h i e m v u c h i n h cua giac), v a n hoa va t u n h i e n , cai cdng va t r i e t hoc, song n h i i n g n h a n to' n h a t cai t U , Thudc t i n h dau i i n g vdi n a m d i n h chi phdi h o a t ddng t r i e t hoc t h i gidi cdn thudc t i n h t h i i h a i i i n g vdi n i l van chua duqc p h a n t u A n sau gidi C h u n g dUdc a h d i n h k h a T h a t k h o n g co gi m d i k h i chi t u y e n bd ve t i n h phd q u a t cua sU triet sau hdn p h a n doan cao sU p h a n v d i thudc t i n h chia nang cua hoc, nha't la d t r i e t hoc phUdng Tay, gidng dUc la vUdt t r d i hdn M d t t r o n g t h i sU n h a n t h i i c l i e n q u a n t d i n h i i n g muc t i e u q u a n t r q n g nha't ciia dac t i n h dia phUdng va sU a n h h u d n g cua nen gidi t i n h dan dng t r d n e n n a m t i n h hdn, p h u nQ hau nhU chUa dUdc lam t r d nen nQ t i n h hdn G i d i t i n h sang to Md'i q u a n he giiia t r i e t hoc va p h u n i i ludn la mdt v a n de hdc bua t r o n g xa hdi gia trUdng, d i i d phUdng Tay hay phUdng Ddng M d t xa giao due gia trUdng la l a m hqi doat b a n sac cua ngUdi va cho dinh neu t h i e u nd, ngUdi se k h d n g t o n t a i Do sU p h a n b i e t nay, p h u nQ b i cho gia trUOng dUdc t h i e t lap t r e n cd sd sU p h a n chia lao ddng va chiic n a n g (*) Giao sii, Tien si, Vien nghien ciiu Khoa hoc nhan van, Dai hoc Quoc gia Pusan, Han Quoc 47 CHOE H Y O N D O K la k h o n g t h i c h hdp v d i t r i e t hoc, mot v i e n t i e m n a n g cho t r i e t hoc cac t r e hoat dong c h u y e u l a t u va sQ em gai R a t r d r a n g l a so' cac n h a t r i e t d u n g l y t i n h D i n h k i e n n a y l a san hoc nQ i t h d n n h i e u sd' cac n h a t r i e t pham ciia he khdng the t u t u d n g gia t r u d n g bo qua Bit dau tir A r i s t o t l e c h u n g t a n h a n t h a y r i n g , so' hoc n a m K h d n g n e n bd qua m a t sd lu'dng, v i dd l a t i e m n a n g tao n e n chat hidng lu'dng dang ke cac t r i e t gia n a m p h a t 2) D i n h k i e n t h i l u d n d a n t d i mot t r i e n cac hoc t h u y e t t r i e t hoc ve sU t h a i do, t a m l y p h i l y t i n h nha't d i n h p h a n biet n a m - nQ v d i sU h a t h a p n i l N d chd'ng l a i k h a n a n g sQ d u n g l y t i n h gidi Cac hoc t h u y e t n a y l a t h a n h to' cua nQ gidi, tao n e n t h a i do, t a m ly vQng chac cua cac t r u y e n thd'ng t r i e t k h d n g thQa n h a n b a t cQ t h a n h t u u hoc c h u dao T h a m chi, t r o n g Triet t r i e t hoc nao nQ gidi sang tao P h u Heghen, k h i nd lUc nQ i t dUdc thQa n h a n l a n h a t r i e t hoc m i e u t a md'i q u a n he l y t u d n g giQa gia h d n so v d i n a m gidi N e u chung ta d i n h , xa h o i d a n sQ (tU san) v a n h a x e m nhQng bo l i c h sQ t r i e t hoc ndi nUdc t r o n g x a h o i h i e n dai m d i xua't tie'ng h a y tQ d i e n cac n h a t r i e t hoc, hien, cung mac n h i e n de cap de'n sU c h u n g t a h i e m k h i b a t gap t e n cua nQ p h a n biet m a n g t i n h gia t r u d n g va g i d i ( l ) T u y n h i e n , n g h i e n cQu cua thira n h a n p h u nQ k h d n g p h u hdp v d i m o t sd' nQ sQ gia ve t r i e t hoc t r o n g cdng viec sQ d u n g den ry t i n h N h a nhQng t h a p k y gan day, n e n h i e n t r i e t hoc nQ thUdng l a m vao t i n h c a n h cd the t h a y cd i t nha't h a n g t r a m t r i e t nghich ly, ho tiep t h u v a dUa vao hoc gia nQ t r o n g l i c h sQ cua c h u n g ta(2) t h u y e t phQc tap cua cac n h a t r i e t hoc D i e u n a y cd n g h i a l a p h a n l d n cac nQ " k i n h dien" v d i t u each nguon t r o n g t r i e t gia da b i gat r a t r o n g t i e n t r i n h k h i nguon bao gom m o t sd' t h a n h t a i x a y d u n g l a i l i c h sQ t r i e t hoc to' p h u n h a n sU t h a m gia'^cua nQ gidi cac sQ gia n a m thUc h i e n hoc phdp quyen, vao t r i e t hoc T d i mud'n gidi t h i e u k i n h n g h i e m ca D i n h k i e n chd'ng l a i p h u nQ n a y da san sinh va t a i san s i n h nhQng h a u qua quyet d i n h t i n h canh k h d k h a n cua nQ gidi t h a m gia vao t r i e t hoc D i e u cd the nhan tha'y d h a i phUdng dien: 1) Ve m a t hda n h a p x a h o i va giao due tre em, t r e em gai thUdng k h d n g dUdc k h u y e n k h i c h p h a t t r i e n t u t r i e t hoc N g h i a l a t h i e u cac Qng cd 48 (1) Chang han, chi co nQ triet gia (Hildegard von Bingen, Hannah Arendt,Simon de Beauvoir, Agnes Heller, Rosa Luxemburg, Magaret Mead) so 300 ngtfdi, trong: Metzler Philosophenlexikon 300 Biographisch-wergeschichtliche Portrats von den Vorsokratikern bis zu den Neun Philosophen, Stuttgart, 1989 (2) Waithe, Mary Allen,1987 ff., Lich sit cua cdc nQ triet gia, tap 4, Dordretcht/Boston/London: Nxb Hoc vien Kluwer, Marit,u.a.,1998, Philosophinnen I/II,Frankfurt am Main GIANG D A Y TRIET HOC CHAU A n h a n cua t o i day M u a x u a n n a m sd'ng cua gai d i e m cao cap d H a n Qudc 2001, H d i T r i e t hoc xa h d i H a n Qudc dUdc gidi t h i e u n h u d i e m n h a n t r o n g (Society sU l y g i a i cua dng ta for Social Philosophy in Korea) to chdc b u d i t h u y e t t r i n h 6" m o t T d i da cat n g a n g v a g i a i t h i c h hoat trUOng dai hoc d Seoul M d t ddng ddng t r i e t hoc cua Aspasia, nha't l a y nghiep n a m da su" d u n g h i n h chieu de nghia bao cao ve c h u y e n d i H y L a p v a T h d phUdng p h a p cua Socrates t r o n g t r i e t N h i K y cua m i n h n h a m t i m k i e m dau hoc K h i dang n d i , t d i b a t chdt n h a n tich cua t r i e t hoc H y L a p cd dai K h a n t h a y nhQng dieu cUdi n h a n n h d khac gia la cac giao sU, g i a n g v i e n va s i n h thUdng tQ cac s i n h v i e n n a m T d i t a n vien t r i e t hoc B a i t h u y e t t r i n h h d m nay, "dieu cUdi n h a n nhd" dd v a n t h a t t u y e t v d i , nd gidi t h i e u m o t each h i e n r d t r o n g t a m k h a m t d i TQ dieu sau s i c ve t r i e t hoc H y L a p , ddng t h d i cUdi dd, t d i n h a n t h a y bQc tUdng cua tao m d i quan t a m h d n t r o n g n g h i e n sU gia t r u d n g D u d n g n h u d u d i cdu ve c h u de M a t khac, ngUdi m i t cua hq, b a t ke t d i n d i dieu g i t h i t h u y e t t r i n h da n h a n t h i i c dUdc v a n cung chi l a m d t ngUdi p h u nQ tha'p de n i l gidi b i gat r a ngoai k h i t a i d i i n g h e n dang gao t h e t n d i l o a n de lich su" t r i e t hoc H y L a p O n g t r i n h giau mac cam t u t i cua m i n h D u cd bay mdt so' da'u t i c h ve Aspasia (chang n h a n dUdc sU t a n t h u d n g t i c h cUc cua han, n h i i n g b i c h hoa t r e n cdng c h i n h cac s i n h v i e n nQ v a cac ddng nghiep cua D a i hoc A t h e n ) T d i d a n h gia cao n a m , t h i cung r d r a n g l a t d i da b i t o n h a u het b a i t h u y e t t r i n h cua dng ta thUdng gap ddi t r o n g b u d i chieu h d m T u y n h i e n , t d i l a i t h a t v o n g ve each dd v d i t U each m d t ngUdi p h u nQ l a m dng ta giai t h i c h ve p h a m gia t r i e t hoc t r i e t hoc TrUdc tien, cua Aspasia (mdt t r o n g n h i i n g ngUdi tdi t r a i nghiem rang, t h a n h tUu triet p h u nut n d i t i e n g nha't cua H y L a p cd hoc cua m d t t r i e t gia nQ lQng d a n h dai Ba la ngUdi b a n ddng h a n h cua ludn Pericles, chuyen t a n gau Thii nha l a n h dao cua Athens cua kem ba hap dd'i v d i Socrates dan va che da h d n mdt l a n hdn mot cau hai, t i n h k h a c h dan chu Aspasia l a m d t k y nQ V i q u a n cua m d t ngUdi p h u nQ v d i nhQng vay, Perciles k h d n g dUdc phep k e t h d n lap l u a n vQng chac k h d n g dUdc x e m vdi ba nhUng t r e n thUc te ba l a ngUdi xet n g h i e m tuc k h i a canh nay, t d i p h u nQ dUdc dng yeu m e n va t r a n khdng nghiem thay nam trqng nha't khac t i n h (duy l y ) D i e u m a he t u tUdng gia thudng cua Aspasia t u y thudc vao sU t r u d n g day c h u n g t a r i n g n a m gidi la mieu t a ve ddi sd'ng cua ba n h u l a m d t nhQng t o n t a i d u y l y t i n h t d r a k h d n g gai d i e m cao cap (dieu v a n cdn chuan xac - N.D.) Tieu sQ t r a n h cai) t r o n g sU so sanh vdi ddi gidi cd l y K h i neu v a n de ve s i i loai trQ cac 49 CHOE H Y O N D O K t r i e t gia nQ t r o n g l i c h s i i t r i e t hoc, t h u t h a p cac t a i l i e u n g h i e n cQu l i e n c h u n g t a t h U d n g h o i l i e u thUc sU da quan Cd sU khac b i e t l d n k h i so sanh tQng cd n h i i n g p h u nQ v d i nhQng v d i cac t r U d n g hdp ve cac t r i e t gia t h a n h t u u q u a n t r o n g t d i mQc m a ho n a m n o i tie'ng - cac cdng t r i n h cua ho xQng dang dUdc l u u d a n h t r o n g l i c h duqc cdng b d ' d n h i e u l o a i a n p h a m va sQ t r i e t hoc G i a sQ cd m o t sd' p h u nQ bang t h u muc cua nhQng n g h i e n cQu tao d u n g n e n nhQng he thd'ng m d i , ve t r i e t hoc cua h q chQa dQng t r o n g n h u A r i s t o t l e , K a n t h a y Heghen, t h i h a n g tap t e n t u d i cua ho k h d n g the b i p h d t Id T i e n t r i n h quyet d i n h t U l i e u nao Dd'i v d i q u a n d i e m nay, nhQng cau xQng dang dUdc l U u giQ dUa t r e n sU h d i sau can dUdc x e m xet: a) C h u n g t a p h a n xet ve gia t r j T r o n g xa hqi, ndi cd d u n g u d n t a i l i e u gdc ve cac nQ p h u nQ b j d a n h gia tha'p h d n n a m gidi t r i e t gia de sQ d u n g v d i t u each t u l i e u t h i chang cd g i l a n t a n k h i t h a i l i c h sQ q u a n trong? Cho t d i nay, cd phdt Id nhQng cdng t r i n h cua nQ gidi bao n h i e u t a i l i e u l y g i a i ve m o t nQ dUdc p h a n a n h t r o n g c h i n h sach va t r i e t gia nha't d j n h da dUdc viet? Cac thuc te d cac t h u v i e n va v a n khd' Gidi n g u d n h i e n cd v a sU t i c h l u y cua cac t i n h cua n h a t r i e t hoc dUdc dieu tra, k e t qua n e u l a nQ gidi, k h d i dau v d i q u a n diem n g h i e n cQu v a sU l y g i a i (ngudn t a i l i e u thQ cap) l a nhQng yeu to', can cQ de d a n h gia y n g h i a l i c h sQ cua b a t cQ m o t t r i e t gia nao b a t b i n h dang dd'i v d i n g h i e n cQu b) Bd'i canh cudc sd'ng cua n h a t r i e t hoc dUdc t r u n g g i a n hda m d t each cd y M a r y A l l e n W a i t h e m i e u t a nhQng thQc h a y vd thQc b d i qua t r i n h xac k h d k h a n t r o n g t h u t h a p t a i l i e u de d j n h v a n de t r i e t hoc C h u n g t a de y n g h i e n cQu ve m d t nQ t r i e t gia k h i ba se t h a y r a n g , n e u xa h q i gia t r u d n g da nd hie b i e n t a p ve l i c h sQ cua cac nQ dUa vao sU p h a n biet gidi de an d j n h t r i e t gia(3) N h i e u cdng t r i n h (ngudn cac k h d n g g i a n khac n h a u va l d i sd'ng, t a i l i e u gdc) dUdc de cap t r o n g t u l i e u t h i b d i c a n h cudc sd'ng, the gidi quan h c h sQ da b j t h a t lac h a y t r o n g t i n h va he gia t r j p h a n nao se t r a n g b i b a m b u i d nhQng gdc khua't n h a u tQ k h i a c a n h gidi t i n h Ne'u liet cua m d t so' k h o l U u trQ k h d n g n h a n ke r a nhQng v a n de d i e n h i n h cua dUdc sU q u a n t a m thda dang T r o n g t r i e t hoc chau A u t r u y e n thd'ng, t h i n h i e u trUOng hdp, viec dau t i e n c h u n g c h u n g t a cd the d§ dang k h a n g d i n h tdi hanh r a n g h a u het c h u n g l a t r Q u tUdng va n g h i e n cQu ve m o t nQ tri^'t gia la xa r d i t i e n t r i n h cu the cua viec san phai trang bi thUc cho hien minh de tinh tien than va phUdng phap khao cd hoc C h u n g t d i can dau t U n h i e u t h d i g i a n vao viec 50 khac (3) Waithe Gidi thieu cdc tuyen tap, trong: Lich sii cua cac nQ triet gia, t l Dordrecht, 1987 GIANG D A Y TRIET HOC C H A U A x u a t va t a i san x u a t ddi sdng - cai chau thuoc l i n h vUc dien h i n h cda ddi sd'ng P h a i chang p h u nQ(4) Cd p h a i v i bd'i canh ddi dang k h d n g q u a n t r q n g dd'i v d i k e t sd'ng cua n a m gidi da dUdc tach biet ca'u cua k h a i n i e m " b i n h dang"? vdi cdng viec cu the dd'i v d i san x u a t va t a i san xua't cua ddi sd'ng? Au (Leontion, Hipparchia ) t h a o l u a n ve bat binh " C h u n g h i a sdvanh n a m quyen" the h i e n t r o n g viec xac d j n h v a n de t r i e t N h i i n g va'n de xua't h i e n tut h n h viic hoc k h d n g c h i a n h h u d n g t d i cdng viec dien h i n h cua ddi sd'ng p h u n i i (chang t r i e t hoc cua nQ gidi Cd bao n h i e u h a n nhU k h d n g g i a n r i e n g t u cua ddi ngUdi biet r a n g J o h n S t u a r t M i l l v i e t sd'ng, lao ddng san xua't va t a i san tac p h a m Bdn ve tU do/On xua't cua cudc song) da k h d n g dUdc cd bao n h i e u ngUdi b i e t de'n tac p h a m xem l a v a n de t r i e t hoc W a i t h e v i e t Si£ no dich cua phu nit/The ve cudc thao l u a n l i e u cac cdng t r i n h of cua phai t h u y e t tQ ve g i a i p h d n g p h u nQ cua Pythagore cd the dUdc x e m la t r i e t dng dUdc h i e u phd' b i e n v d i t u each l a hoc Thoat dau, dUdng n h u day la bd p h a n ca'u t h a n h hoc t h u y e t t r i e t t u y e n tap cac b a i giang ve cdng viec hoc c h i n h t r j ve c h u n g h i a t u cua noi t r d va cham sdc tre T u y n h i e n , dng? phu nQ cua trUdng Women cua dng? Liberty va Subjection Cd p h a i hoc doc k y hon t h i r d r a n g c h u n g p h a n c) Bd'i canh ddi sd'ng cua n h a t r i e t anh y nghia h a i hda, m o t k h a i n i e m hoc cung a n h h u d n g t d i phUdng phap quan t r q n g t r o n g t r i e t hoc Pythagore, l a m t r i e t hoc Cd the n h a n t h a y r a n g , t r o n g sU l i e n q u a n t d i q u a n l y n h a H i l d e g a r d v o n B i n g e n (1098-1179) da nUdc va gia d i n h v d i each thQc het sQc phat cu the Chang k h d k h a n g i k h i mUdng t h a n b i t r u n g cd sdm h d n M e i s t e r tUdng rang, cac sQ gia n a m v i e t ve E c k h a r d (1260-1327) nhieu T u y nhien, t r i e t hoc k h d n g x e m dang cdng t r i n h ba thUdng y thQc ve sU t h i e u h u t sU t r i e n thQ t r i e t hoc ve thuyet la t r i e t hoc M d t v i d u nQa l a m d t cdng t r i n h t a m cd ve l i c h sQ k h a i n i e m " b i n h dang" t r o n g tQ dien tie'ng DQc Reinhart Kosllek va m d t so' hoc gia khac(5) b i e n soan k h d n g d a n h n h i e u hdn mdt cau ve l i c h sQ cua sU thao l u a n ve b a t b i n h dang gidi(6) Viec chep sQ ve cac nQ t r i e t gia chQng m i n h r a n g , c h u de n a y da duqc de cap de'n tQ r a t sdm t r o n g t u t r i e t hoc (4) Ngay ca C.Mac cung da chi van de d triet hoc DQc cuon He tie tutting DUc cua minh (1844) (5) Brunno, Otto/Conze, Werner/Kosellek, Reinhart (Hg.), 1972f£, Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe HIstorischees Lexikon zur politischsozialen Sprache in Deutschland, Vols., Stuttgart (6) Khai lUdc lich sd ve cac bai thuyet trinh ve bat binh dang gidi cac nQ triet gia thtfc hien, xem Choe, Hyondok, 2001 (Mua xuan) Ban co biet nguon gdc cua cac bai thuyet trinh ve binh ding gidi khong? - Phu nQ lich sU triet hoc, trong: Cholhakgwa Hyonsil (tieng Han ) 51 CHOE H Y O N D O K giao due hoc t h u a t c h i n h thd'ng va Han k h d n g t U t i n v i e t r a q u a n d i e m cua T r u n g Qud'c t r u y e n vao H a n r i e n g m i n h C h u n g t a can p h a i p h a n Theo t h d i gian, cac n h a t u tUdng H a n tU ve sU h e n k e t giQa h i n h thQc va Qud'c p h a t t r i e n t r i e t hoc H a n Qud'c phUdng p h a p t r i e t hoc va k i e u l y t i n h t r e n n e n t a n g t i e p t h u K h d n g giao, dUdc p h a t t r i e n t r o n g cac the che h a n P h a t giao va Dao giao Qud'c trUdc k h i Dao giao tQ Qudc l a m va k h d n g g i a n cdng khac, l a n d i Su tiep xuc cua cac n h a t r i e t hoc m a p h u nQ b i gat r a ngoai le t r o n g H a n Qud'c v d i t r i e t hoc phUdng T a y cd m o t t h d i g i a n dai C h u n g t a p h a i cd le k h d i d a u vao n a m 1631 t h d n g qua t h a i cdi m d v d i phUdng phap t r i e t sach de'n tQ T r u n g Qud'c dUdc viet hoc ( m i e u ta t a m n h i n , h i n h thQc ke b a n g t i e n g T r u n g b d i cac n h a t r u y e n chuyen h a y d a m t h o a i ) dUdc p h a t giao (chu y e u l a ddng Ten) (8) Vao t r i e n d l i n h vUc t i e u b i e u cua nQ gidi cud'i the k y X V I I I , h d n bao gid het cac T h a t t h u v i k h i t h a y r i n g , nhQng sach ve cdng nghe, v u t r u , khoa hoc t u dieu tUdng t u n h U v a y cd the dUdc n h i e n cua phUdng T a y va K i t d giao n h a n r a k h i b a n ve t r i e t hoc nQ quyen dUdc gidi t h i e u va t r u y e n cam hQng tQ va t r i e t hoc l i e n v a n hda: t r i e t hoc nQ cac hoc gia K h d n g giao H a n Qud'c Hq quyen n h a m t d i sU cai t d t r i e t hoc l a nhQng t r i thQc phe p h a n t h d n g qua viec c h u y e n sU c h u y cua nd ngUdi t h a c h thQc t h u y e t T r u n g Hoa sang k h i a canh gidi N d m a n g l a i k e t trung qua t r o n g xac d i n h v a n de t r i e t hoc, Qud'c l a t r u n g t a m cua v u t r u ve dia l y sU da dang phUdng phap N d k h d n g cung n h u ve v a n hda) v a t r a n t r d ve cd n g h i a la m o t l i n h vUc m d i cua t r i e t cudc cai t d x a h q i p h o n g k i e n dudi hoc, m a l a m o t t h a c h thQc n h a m g i a i t r i e u dai Choson ( t r i e u d a i cud'i cung phdng t r i e t hoc k h d i nhQng h a n che cua b a n dao T r i e u T i e n , 1392-1910) khac n h a u xua't p h a t tQ sU m u m d gidi H q q u a n t a m t d i t r i thQc khoa hoc - cua nd D d k h d n g p h a i l a h i e n tUdng cai cd t h e cai t h i e n chat lu'dng cudc biet lap m a dUa t r e n n g h i e n cQu l i e n sd'ng cho d a n t h u d n g H q cam ket ve n g a n h ve p h u nQ n h u l a m o t bd p h a n sU t h a m gia xa h d i thUc su De dat cua phong t r a o p h u nQ n h a m t d i sU dUdc dieu nay, hq t h a y r i n g can p h a i t h a y ddi thUc te'cua t h e g i d i ( ) p h a n bac k h u d n m l u t r i e t hoc cua tam (Sino-centrism) nhQng (Trung I I ThQc t r a n g t r i e t hoc d H a n Quoc K h o n g giao, P h a t giao va Dao giao dUdc t r u y e n vao H a n Qud'c tQ the k y I V t d i the k y V I I Cac t h a n h t d ' t u m a n g t i n h Dao giao da h i e n dien d 52 (7) Cf.Fornet-Betancourt, Raul Zur interkulturellen Transformation der Philosophile in Lateinamerika Frankfurt am Main/London, 2002, S.9-12 (8) Lee, Ki-Sang Lam triet hpc tren manh da't Su tim kiem tu ttidng thay the the ky XXI, Seoul, 2002, (tieng Han) GIANG D A Y TRIET HOC 6" C H A U A T a n K h d n g giao ca ve l y t h u y e t va c i t t h a n h N a m T r i e u T i e n (dudi s i i thUc h a n h D d n g t h d i , ho "no lUc dua bao t r d cua q u a n ddi M y ) va Bac T r i e u l y g i a i m d i ve y n g h i a n g u y e n t h u y T i e n (dudi s i i bao t r d cua q u a n ddi cua K h o n g giao t i r quan diem cai tao L i e n Xd) S i i chia c i t qud'c gia, cai b i xa hdi "hien t h i i c " t r o n g k h i chdng l a i day m a n h bcVi cudc chien t r a n h T r i e u T a n K h d n g giao c h i n h thong"(9) D d T i e n (1950-1953), la mdt m i n h c h i n g cua s i i tiep xuc l i e t ve he t u t u d n g : canh t a d m i e n b i n h d i n g cua h a i n e n v a n hda Song, B i c va canh hutu d m i e n N a m C h i n h nhQng nd lUc cua hq k h d n g m a n g l a i sach chd'ng cdng cUc doan cua c h i n h ket qua t r o n g t h u c te p h i i q u a n sU M y (1945-1948) va tiep d i n den s i i p h a n N i i a sau cua the k y X I X , H a n Quoc theo l a che ddc t a i H a n Qud'c da ddng trUdc m d i de dqa ciia n h i e u the dat da'u c h a m h e t cho viec t i e p t h u hie thUc dan dUdc t r a n g b i bdi v a n t r i e t hoc m a c x i t d N a m T r i e u T i e n m i n h phUdng Tay Cd h a i t h a i cUc va He t U tUdng h i e n d a i hda phUdng t h a i dd x u n g dot n h a u k h i doi m a t v d i T a y song h a n h n h i i n g m o i de dqa nay: m d t p h a i gdm p h a t t r i e n k i n h te d u d i che ddc t a i cua n h d m Uu t i i nd liic dUa vao t r u y e n q u a n s i i da a n h hUdng t d i n h i e u x u thong H a n Qud'c, cdn p h a i k i a mud'n hudng tien t r i n h h i n h tiep t h u v a n hda va v a n m i n h phUdng t r i e t hoc H a n Qud'c dUdng t h d i (a) N d Tay cang sdm cang td't va n h i e u t d i t h i i c ep nd hie "nhap k h a u " t r i e t hoc miic cd the phUdng Tay K h a t vong hoc t a p cai Su cai t r i H a n Qud'c cua N h a t B a n vao n a m 1910 k h d i mao sU t u cung cac ke hoach mdi t i i m d t t h e gidi p h a t t r i e n , quyen phe hie va chua b i e t m a n h de'n n d i m a cac phan sau s i c d cac t r i t h i i c H a n Qud'c n h a t r i e t hoc H a n Qud'c cd gang tiep T a n K h d n g giao H a n can m o i ddng t r i e t hoc phUdng Tay, Qud'c, he tu tUdng thd'ng t r i cua t r i e u d a i Choson bi quy t r a c h n h i e m trUdc t a t t h a y m o i g i a n de n h a n t h i i c s i i l i e n q u a n ciia nd thii den bd'i canh H a n Qud'c b) T r o n g s i i Triet hoc Han Qud'c truyen n h i e n , d a m bao cho hq d i i t h d i thd'ng, vd'n k h d n g t h a n h cdng t r o n g bung no nay, t r i e t hoc Han Qud'c viec tao d i i n g m d t ke hoach cho t r u y e n thd'ng k h d n g b i bd qua h a y cd diidng t i l t r i va h i e n d a i hda xa h d i suy cho s i i b a m chat m d t each t h a i H a n Qud'c, da tao r a k h d n g g i a n cho t r i e t hoc phUdng Tay Cd m o t sd' s i n h vien sang chau A u hay M y n g h i e n ciiu ve t r i e t hoc N a m 1945, H a n Qud'c thoat k h o i sU cai t r i ciia N h a t B a n va sau dd b i chia (9) Song, Young-bae Anh huang cua gido due phiidng Tay vd sti tim kiem chan troi mdi cho ban sac Hdn Qudc d the ky XVIII TrUdng hap cua Hong Tae-yong vd Chong Yak-yong, bai viet trinh bay d Hoi thao" Tinh chinh tri cua vi the van hoa: Su nhin thUc co xUa va hien dai ve vai tro cua Han Quoc d Dong A", thang 10, 2002 tr.l 53 CHOE H Y O N D O K qua vao t r u y e n t h o n g c) ca h a i l a i t r i e t hoc m a c x i t v a l a m p h a i n h a t phUdng t h i i c , cd x u h u d n g p h i bd'i sii n h i e t t i n h b a n d a u cua ho, song canh hda t r i e t hoc H a n Quoc T r i e t t d i t i n r i n g dd l a s i i t r a i n g h i e m l i c h hoc dUdc g i a n g day t r o n g cac trUdng sQ r a t td't t h a c h t h i i c cac n h a t r i e t d a i hoc H a n Qudc cang t h i e u hoc H a n Qud'c suy n g h i ve md'i quan hap he giQa t r i e t hoc va bd'i c a n h h i e n d i n doi v d i s i n h v i e n va dan c h i i n g C i i n g v d i do, p h o n g t r a o p h a n thUc cua nd k h a n g chd'ng doc t a i cang l d n T r o n g k h o a n g 15 n a m t r d l a i day, m a n h T r o n g t h a p k y 80 cua the k y cang cd n h i e u nd hie n h a n thQc X X , cac n h a h o a t dong s i n h v i e n b i t md'i q u a n he giQa t r i e t hoc va bd'i d a u t i e p t h u t r i e t hoc m a c x i t v a k h a m c a n h thUc t i l n cua nd c u n g n h u viec p h a m d i l i e n he g i i i a t r i e t hoc v a t h i i c n h a n thQc v i t h e cua t r u y e n thd'ng t i e n N h i e u cudn sach gidi t h i e u ve t r i e t hoc H a n Qud'c t r o n g viec xac t r i e t hoc t r e n n e n t a n g cua cai goi l a d i n h v a n de cua t r i e t hoc H a n Qud'c "chu n g h i a M a c c h i n h thd'ng" dUdc dddng t h d i ( l l ) Su p h a n chia cQng xua't b a n M o t t r o n g so' dd l a nhac bdi ludn Nhiing ve triet hoc (1983), cudn sach triet hoc phUdng Ddng va phUdng T a y dUdc d i n h che hda (theo d a t k h a c h nha't n g a y sau k h i xua't phdng b a n H a n g t r a m n g h i n b a n da dUdc day ) d H a n Qud'c da b i chat van tieu t h u vong h a i nam Ben N e u c h u n g t a mud'n tao n e n sU ddng c a n h m d t sd' phe p h a n chd'ng l a i k i e u gdp t r i e t hoc dd'i v d i nhQng v a n de gidi t h i e u n a y ve t r i e t hoc, t h i b a n cua x a h o i dUdng t h d i , t h i se l a t h u a n t h a n h i e n tUdng da n h a n dUdc sU l d i h d n k h i v i e n d a n n g u o n k i n h dien q u a n t a m h e t siic n g h i e m t i i c D d l a cua t h a c h t h i i c dd'i v d i t r i e t hoc c h i n h phUdng D d n g thd'ng p h i bd'i c a n h hda k h d n g x e m ca ban, chUdng t r i e t hoc trinh giang phUdng T a y lan D a cd m o t sd' sU p h a t t r i e n t i c h cQc x e t v a n de h i e n thUc v a k h d n g the h i e u dUdc, n g o a i t r i i m o t so' c h u y e n gia(10) S i n h v i e n dat t e n cho k i e u t r i e t hoc m a ho m o n g mud'n l a " t r i e t hoc x a h d i " H o d d i h d i cac n h a q u a n l y d a i hoc c u n g cap n h i i n g k h o a hoc ve " t r i e t hoc x a h d i " va m d i giao sU giang day cac k h o a hoc D i i s i i do' vd ciia cac qud'c gia xa h d i chd n g h i a d L i e n X d va D d n g A u da k h i e n n h i e u s i n h v i e n v a cac hoc gia t r e d a n h gia 54 (10) Lee, Ki-sang Lam triet hoc tren manh da't ndy Sii tim kiem tit tiidng thay the the ky XXI, Seoul, 2002, (tie'ng Han) (11) Nhflng chu de cua cac Dai hoi cua Hoi triet hoc Han Quoc nhQng nam gin day la: "Xa hpi diidng thdi va ban sic cua triet hpc" (Miia thu 1996), "SQ tiep thu triet hpc Dong - Tay va sQ hinh triet hpc Han Qud'c" (Mua xuan 1997), "SQ hdp nha't triet hpc Dong - Tay) (Mua thu 1997), "Triet hpc va lich sQ cua triet hpc • vi sti tao lip mo thQc triet hpc Han Quoc (Mua Xuan 1998), "Nhflng van de gay tranh cai ve triet hpc Han Quoc diidng thdi 100 nam" (Mua xuan 1999), GIANG D A Y TRIET HOC C H A U A t r o n g l i n h viic nay: cac n h a t r i e t hoc Cud'i the k y X I X d a u t h e k y X X , n h i e u Han nganh trUdng theo giao due h i e n d a i dUdc t r i e t hoc phUdng Dong) da bit dau the x a y d i i n g bdi cac n h a t r u y e n giao h a y hien v i the t r i e t hoc h u d n g t d i n h i i n g ngUdi H a n Qudc T h d i d i e m do, " k h a i van de cua xa h o i dUdng t h d i , chang sang" l a t h u a t ngQ c h i n h cho cac t r i h a n n h i i n g ddng gdp cua ho dd'i v d i s i i thQc thUc h i e n cam k e t x a hqi N a m phat t r i e n t r i e t hoc s i n h t h a i Cd m o t 1910, trUdng cao dang d a n h cho p h u sd' n h a t r i e t hoc n i i (chuyen nQ dau t i e n dUdc t h a n h Quoc (chu yeu chuyen t r i e t hoc phUdng D d n g h a y nganh phudng trUdng E w h a H a k d a n g lap (trUdng n a y Tay) dang nd hie k h a m pha n h i i n g liic dUdc thQa n h a n l a t r U d n g d a i hoc sau lUdng dien k h i giai p h d n g k h d i N h a t B a n n a m K h d n g giao h a y P h a t giao ciing n h u 1945) Cac k h o a hoc t r i e t hoc dUdc m d doc l a i cac k i n h dien t r i e t hoc phUdng thUdng x u y e n v d i t U each l a m d t p h a n Ddng t i i quan d i e m nQ quyen M d t sd' cua n g h i e n cQu d a i cUdng giai phdng kinh nghien cQu so sanh ve k h a i n i e m "giai k i e n tao" (deconstruction) giQa cac D u cd n h i e u t r U d n g d a i hoc d a n h cho ca n a m l a n nQ sau n a m 1945, nha t r i e t hoc h a u h i e n dai va Lao TQ song sd' l i i d n g p h u nQ t r o n g cac trUdng hay T r a n g TQ cung dUdc xua't ban d a i hoc r a t k h i e m t o n T r o n g bd'i canh L i c h sQ dan t h a n cua p h u nQ vao t u t r i e t hoc H a n Qud'c r a t Trong xa hqi Khong giao do, trUdng E w h a d a m n h i e m v a i t r d ngan vd cung q u a n t r q n g t r o n g giao due d a i truyen hoc cua p h u nQ d H a n Qud'c TrUdng thd'ng, p h u nQ k h d n g dUdc tiep can v d i Dai nen giao due c h i n h thd'ng N a m 1998, U n i v e r s i t y ) t h a n h l a p k h o a T r i e t hoc tuyen cua n a m 1974 (khoa T r i e t hoc dau t i e n d Y u n j i d a n g , m d t nQ t r i e t gia K h d n g H a n Qud'c dUdc t h a n h l a p n a m 1926 giao dudi t r i e u d a i Chosun dUdc x u a t tai ban d H a n Qud'c, song l a m d t ngoai Kyongsong I m p e r i a l U n i v e r s i t y ) S h i n le N a m 1886, trUdng hoc dau t i e n O k H i , cQu s i n h v i e n t r U d n g E w h a danh cho nQ gidi, trUdng Ewha Hakdang, (khoa tie'ng A n h ) , l a p h u nQ H a n Qud'c diidc t h a n h lap b d i ba Scranton, n h a dau t i e n n h a n dUdc b a n g T i e n si t r i e t t r u y e n giao cua M e t h o d i s t Episcopal hoc va t r d t h a n h nQ giao sU t r i e t hoc Church (My) Vao t h d i d i e m dd, day l a dau t i e n t a i trUdng n a y n a m 1976(12) mdt tU t u d n g each m a n g v i nd pha vd H i e n t a i , cd k h o a n g 50 trUdng dai tap cac cdng trinh hoc Phu TrUdng nQ Dai Ewha hoc (Womans Hoang gia phong tuc t r u y e n thd'ng va m a n g l a i cho p h u nQ cd h q i tiep can mdt n e n giao due m d i , dieu vd'n r a t k h d k h a n ca v d i n a m gidi vao t h d i diem dd (12) Luan an cua ba so sanh triet hoc cua Wonhyo (Phat tu Han Quoc) va triet hoc cua Jaspers dupe bao ve nam 1975 tai TrUdng Dai hpc Basel 55 CHOE H Y O N D O K hoc H a n Quoc co k h o a T r i e t hoc So hoc H a n Qudc N g a y cang cd n h i e u nQ giao sU vao k h o a n g 12, t r o n g cd khoa hoc t r d t h a n h nhQng k h o a hoc t u ngUdi g i a n g day d trUdng E w h a chon Cac k h o a hoc v a cac chUdng H a u h e t cac t r U d n g d a i hoc k h d n g cd t r i n h n g h i e n cQu (cac m d n hoc t h u a t , t h a n h v i e n nut t r o n g k h o a T r i e t hoc h a n l a m ) k h d n g t u y e n d u s i n h vien H i e n nay, cd k h o a n g 80 nQ giang v i e n budc p h a i h u y bd C u n g v d i x u hudng t r i e t hoc thuoc H o i T r i e t hoc p h u nQ nay, n g h i e n cQu d d a i hoc v d i t u each H a n Qudc (Society of Feminist Philosophy sU chuan b i cho nghe nghiep, cac khoa i n Korea) hoc v a chUdng t r i n h n g h i e n cQu khdng I I I ChQdng t r i n h giang day t r i e t trUc t i e p g i u p s i n h v i e n t i m dUdc viec h o c t r o n g cac t r i f c m g d a i h o c H a n l a m t h i cd r a t i t s i n h v i e n Ida chon Quoc D a cd k h a n h i e u k h o a hoc l i e n quan cac t r U d n g d a i hoc cua H a n Quoc, t d i t r i e t hoc b i h u y bd cac s i n h v i e n k h d i d a u v d i nhQng khoa T u y n h i e n , day k h d n g p h a i l a l y hoc dai cUdng t r o n g vong hoac n h a t d a n t d i sU h u y bd nhQng n a m Sau dd, ho lQa chon m d t c h u y e n khoa hoc C u n g cd h i e n tUdng nganh chinh "ChUdng t r i n h dai cUdng" chQng t d sU q u a n t a m r a t l d n den t r i e t n h a m cung cap giao due m d r d n g va hoc dao tao hoc t h u a t can b a n t r o n g l i n h thUdng M d t so' n h a t r i e t hoc thuyet vUc n h a n v a n va g i u p s i n h v i e n quyet giang d cac t d chQc b e n ngoai trUdng d i n h Ida chon c h u y e n n g a n h chinh dai hoc, chang h a n , cac t r u n g t a m van cua m i n h Do vay, cd h a i chUdng t r i n h hda h a y cac v i e n t u n h a n Cac khoa giang day t r i e t hoc khac n h a u : (a) V d i hoc n a y l u d n chat cQng ngUdi Do tU each m o t p h a n cua chUdng t r i n h vay, sU t h i e u hQng t h u dd'i v d i cac dao tao d a i cUdng va (b) d a n h cho k h o a hoc d cac t r U d n g d a i hoc p h a i cd vien nghien cQu t r i e t l y k h a c nQa Theo t d i , can p h a i hudng den muc t i e u dat dUdc v a n l a m g i dd dd'i v d i dac t i n h n q i t a i cua bang hoc t h u a t CQ n h a n van chUdng, t r i e t hoc g i a n g day t r o n g cac trUdng Thac si v a n chUdng va T i e n si d a i hoc H a n Qud'c - n d i t r i e t hoc t r d nhQng sinh Chiiang phdn trinh cua nghien triet hoc - mot ciiu dai ctfOng danh cho sinh vien va dan n e n p h i h i e n thUc G a n day, cac k h o a T r i e t hoc d cac G i a n g day t r i e t hoc v d i t u each mot trUdng dai hoc khac n h a u da cd nhQng p h a n cua n g h i e n cQu dai cUdng l a m nd luc cung cap cac k h o a hoc v d i cac vao k h u n g hoang T r o n g t h a p k y qua, c h u de hap d a n s i n h v i e n "Cach tiep nguyen va can t r i e t hoc dd'i v d i v a n de t i n h due", "hudng t d i k h a c h hang" da tac ddng "Dao dQc y s i n h hoc", ' V a n de h i e n dai tdi v a n de to' chQc cua cac trUdng dai va h a u h i e n dai", " T r i e t hoc va p h i m 56 ly " t h i t r U d n g tU do" GIANG DAY TRIET HOC C H A U A anh", " T r i e t hoc t r u y e n thong", "Suy Cac k h o a hoc t r o n g cac trUdng d a i tU t r i e t hoc ve cong nghe t h o n g t i n " , hoc d H a n Qud'c t h U d n g h u d n g t d i viec "Van hoa va t u tUcfng" l a n h i i n g c h u cung cap t d n g q u a n h a y nhQng t r i de phd' b i e n r a t dUdc yeu t h i c h D a i thQc cd b a n td'i t h i e u T e n cua cac khoa hoc Qudc gia Seoul da hdp n h a t boh hoc thUdng m a n g t i n h c h u n g va k h d n g khoa hoc g i a i quyet n h i i n g v a n de cu the h i e n mot c h u de cu the Cac khoa the cua xa h d i dUdng t h d i : t r i e t hoc hoc cd the dUdc p h a n chia n h u sau: gidi va dao diic t i n h due; dao diic y - Gidi t h i e u chung sinh hoc, m a y t i n h v a t a m thiic; n h a n phUdng T a y thiic t r i e t hoc ve cac v a n de ciia xa h d i Ddng hay ve t r i e t hoc triet hoc phUdng - L i c h sQ t r i e t hoc (lich sQ t r i e t hoc hien dai(13) D i n h i e n , chUdng t r i n h giang day cd d a i phUdng T a y , l i c h sQ t r i e t hoc khdng nen le thudc vao s i i phd b i e n t r u n g cd phUdng T a y , l i c h sQ t r i e t hoc hay chay theo m d t " t h d i thUdng" C h i h i e n d a i phUdng T a y - c h u n g h i a d u y rieng s i i p h d b i e n k h d n g p h a i la thudc s i i t h a n h cdng cua khoa hoc t r i e t ly)- G i d i t h i e u n h Q n g m d n hoc cua hoc T u y n h i e n , t r i e t hoc can n h a y ben t r i e t hoc (sieu h i n h hoc v a b a n the vdi n h u cau cua t h d i d i e m n h a t d i n h va thUc t i e n xa h d i tac dqng t d i m d i quan tam cua sinh vien va dan thUdng D a i hoc P h u n i i E w h a l a n d i nhat md cac k h o a hoc t r i e t hoc n i l quyen t r o n g chUdng t r i n h n g h i e n c i i u dai cUdng K h o a l i e n n g a n h d a n h cho nghien ciiu cua nQ gidi va Vien nghien cQu d a n h cho p h u nQ H a n Qudc ddng v a i t r d q u a n t r q n g t r o n g sU phat t r i e n cua chUdng t r i n h giang day nQ quyen t r o n g hdp tac lien nganh(14) Cac k h o a hoc m d k y hoc mua x u a n n a m 2002 l a "Toan cau hda va gidi", "NQ q u y e n v a cdng b a n g xa hqi", "Cudc sd'ng, xa h d i va cdng bang", " T r i e t hoc nQ quyen"(15) Chiidng khoa Triet hoc trinh gidng day d cdc (13) Dai hoc Quoc gia Han Quoc (Seoul National University) cung cap gan 30 khoa hoc t\l chon Ben canh khoa hoc, co khoa cung cap sU gi6i thieu khai quat ve triet hoc phiidng Dong va triet hoc phiidng Tay, khoa hoc ve logic va phUdng phap luan khoa hoc, khoa hoc ve doc cac tac pham kinh dien cua triet hoc phiidng Dong va triet hoc phUdng Tay, khoa hoc ve cac trUdng phai khac cua triet hoc phUdng Dong (Triet hoc Khong giao, Phat giao va Dao giao), khoa ve cac mon hoc cua triet hoc phUdng Tay (14) Hoc ky vUa qua, cd 85 khoa hoc lien quan den nghien cdu cua phu nU dUdc cung cap bdi nhieu khoa khac (Khoa Van hoc va Ngon ngQ Han Qudc, Khoa Van hoc va Ngon ngfl Anh, Tam ly hoc, Phuc ldi xa hoi, ljch sit, Than hoc, Xa hpi hpc, Khoa hpc chinh tri, ) (15) Ben canh nhflng khoa hpc nay, TrUdng Dai hpc Phu nfl Ewha cung cap nhflng khoa hpc ve triet hpc vdi tU each mot phan ciia nghien cflu dai cUdng: logic va tu logic; nhflng van de triet hpc, nhflng xu hUdng lich sii tri thUc Han Qudc, ton giao va nhan loai, cac nha kinh dien cua tu tudng Ddng - Tay; dao ddc va gia tri xa hpi the gidi dUdng thdi; van hda va tu tudng; gidi thieu ve triet hpc phudng Dong 57 CHOE H Y O N D O K l u a n , n h a n thQc l u a n , t h a m m y hoc, phUdng D d n g thUdng i t h d n n h i e u so dao dQc hoc, t r i e t hoc x a h d i , t r i e t hoc v d i cac khoa hoc ve t r i e t hoc phUdng phap quyen ) Tay T d i da t i e n h a n h so sanh sd' - Gidi t h i e u nhQng v a n de t r i e t hoc lu'dng cac giao sU ve t r i e t hoc phUdng - Logic hoc v a phUdng p h a p l u a n Tay t r i e t hoc v d i cac giao sU ve triet hoc phUdng D d n g d 10 trUdng dai hoc ldn - G i d i t h i e u nhQng t r U d n g p h a i t r i e t hoc xac d i n h h a y nhQng t r i e t gia xac cd khoa t r i e t hoc d Seoul(17): sd'la 60 so v d i 20 - T r o n g chUdng t r i n h giang day, d i n h ( t r i e t hoc Nietzsche ) - Doc cac tac p h a m k i n h dien b a n g t r i e t hoc phUdng T a y thUdng bao gom t r i e t hoc DQc, Phap, A n h va M y T r i e t ngdn ngQ nUdc ngoai K i e u chuong t r i n h giang day n a y hoc phUdng D d n g bao gom t r i e t hoc n a n g ve t i n h bao t h u Cac giang v i e n T r u n g Qudc, thudng tuan chuan (Phat giao) D i e u n a y cd n g h i a chUdng t r o n g cdng viec giang day K h d n g cd t r i n h giang day dUdc d i n h h u d n g cho n h i e u k h d n g g i a n cho viec dUa t r i e t hoc tQ cai gqi l a cac n e n v a n hda theo n d i d u n g Han Qudc va A n Dd nhQng v a n de m d i x u a t p h a t tQ boi sieu dang canh m d i va t h a o l u a n ve chung Su p h a n ve sU h a i hda cua q u y e n hie v a n p h i boi canh hda cua t r i e t hoc da dUdc hda la can t h i e t d i n h san t r o n g chUdng t r i n h M o t sU n h a n thQc phe - Cd r a t i t k h o a hoc so sanh t r i e t Cac khoa hoc t h u d n g duqc m d hoc D d n g - T a y v d i l y cd r a t i t giao vdi cac b a i giang cung cap k i e n thQc sU cd d u t r i thQc ve ca h a i nen t r i e t td'ng q u a n va t r o n g m o t k h u n g t h d i hoc D i e u dan tdi mdt khiem gian h a n che D i e u dan t d i m d i quan he giQa giang v i e n - s i n h v i e n theo k i e u chieu dqc va m a n g n a n g t i n h t r u y e n thdng S i n h v i e n r a t t h u ddng - Cac k h o a hoc ve t r i e t hoc phUdng D d n g dUdc m d d h a u het cac trUdng d a i hoc v d i q u y m d khac n h a u theo m o i t r U d n g d a i hoc Cd m o t so' trUdng d a i hoc dUdc d a m n h i e m bdi cac v i e n K h d n g giao h a y P h a t giao, no cd cac k h o a h a y p h d n g ddc lap ve t r i e t hoc phUdng D6ng(16) T u y n h i e n , so lu'dng 58 cac khoa hoc ve triet hoc (16) Dai hoc Sungkyunkwan co mot ban chuyen ve nghien cUu phUdng Dong va triet hoc Khong giao (vdi khoa ve Khong giao, Han Quoc va triet hoc Trung Quoc) Dai hoc Dongguk co TrUdng Cao ding Phat giao vdi khoa: Nghien cdu Phat giao, Triet hoc An Do va Triet hoc Phat giao d ca hai trUdng dai hoc nay, khoa Triet hoc thuoc TrUdng Cao ding Nghe thuat tu (17) 10 trUdng Dai hoc la Sungsil, Yonsei, Ewha, Korea, Dai hoc Quoc gia Seoul, Sogang, Sungkyunkwan, Dongguk, Hanshin va Dai hpc Han Qudc chuyen nghien cUu ve nude ngoai Cd 14 giao sU d TrUdng Cao'ding Phat giao thudc Dai hpc Dongguk va 13 giao sU d Ban nghien cUu phUdng Ddng/Khdng giao thudc Dai hpc Sungkyunkwan khdng tinh den GIANG D A Y TRIET HOC C H A U A k h u y e t l d n l i e n q u a n t d i n e n t a n g cho va nQ quyen, cac l y t h u y e t phong trao sU p h a t t r i e n cua t r i e t hoc l i e n v a n nQ quyen, cac l y t h u y e t nQ quyen, cac hoa Viec t r i e t hoc hoa ve "vdn each tiep can nQ q u y e n v d i t r i e t hoc de" l i e n q u a n t d i n g u o n goc cai cd l i e n phUdng D d n g , n h a n quan bat ke n g u o n goc v u n g m i e n cua quyen, dao dQc nQ quyen, phep b i e n nd la r a t can t h i e t D d l a "vdn de" m a chQng va t h u y e t nQ quyen, p h u nQ va chung t a p h a i nd hie g i a i quyet T r i t o n giao thiic ve cac t r u y e n t h o n g t r i e t hoc r a t quan t r q n g , t d i mQc nd cd the g i i i p dd viec giai quyet v a n de I V M o t so' d e thQc l u a n xuat dQa nQ quan diem gidi vao giang day t r i e t hoc T h a t sU can t h i e t p h a i gidi t h i e u - K h d n g cd khoa hoc dac biet dUa r a nhQng k h o a hoc dac b i e t , nhQng k h o a v a n de t i i q u a n d i e m gidi Cd the cd ca hoc d a t r a v a n de ve sU m u m d gidi n h a n giang v i e n dua r a thao l u a n t i i t r o n g thUc t i e n t r i e t hoc n h u n g l a i cd quan diem gidi d k h o a hoc gidi t h i e u t h a m v o n g h u d n g t d i t i n h phd' quat ve mdn hoc t r i e t hoc, l i c h sQ t r i e t hoc T r o n g g i a i doan dau, d i e u dac b i e t hay n h i i n g v a n de t r i e t hoc Song, q u a n t r q n g l a v a n de ve y thQc dUa tdi, nhiing t r e n nen tang quan diem gidi t r d nen trUdng hdp r a t h i e m t h a y Cd r a t i t r o net qua n h Q n g t e n k h o a hoc r o ;ai l i e u v i e t b a n g t i e n g H a n t i i q u a n r a n g T u y n h i e n , k h d n g n e n cd b a t cQ diem gidi cd the s i i d u n g dUdc d m d t sU h i e u l a m nao tQ d i e u nay, k i e u khoa hoc T d i chi b i e t cd h a i trUdng n h U coi t r i e t hoc nQ q u y e n l a m d n hoc dai hoc h a y cao dang cd m d t khoa hoc r i e n g b e n c a n h n h Q n g m d n hoc khac ve t r i e t hoc nut q u y e n t h a n h chUdng ( n h a n thQc l u a n , t r i e t hoc x a h d i ) t r i n h c h i n h t h i i c (cho den n a m 2000) T r i e t hoc nQ q u y e n ddi h o i sU t h a y D a i hoc P h u nQ E w h a t r o n g k h u n g dd'i ve q u a n d i e m , d d i h o i sU cai td' chUdng dai t o a n bd t r i e t hoc t h d n g qua nhan cUdng va thao l u a n c h u y e n de phUdng thQc phe p h a n t r e n n e n t a n g quan phap t h a n hoc cd t r o n g chUdng t r i n h d i e m gidi theo trai nghiem trinh cua cua nghien cQu cua khoa T r i e t hoc ve t o n giao T r o n g b o i canh dd, t h a t dang c h u y la khoa N g h i e n cQu cua p h u nQ d D a i V d i n h a n thQc nay, t d i de x u a t n d i d u n g cua chUdng t r i n h cua cac khoa hoc t r i e t hoc n h u sau: hoc P h u nQ E w h a cd chUdng t r i n h dac a) P h a n t u m a n g t i n h phe p h a n ca biet ve t r i e t hoc nQ q u y e n dao tao bac ve v a i t r d cua q u a n he quyen luc (lien t i e n si Cac k h o a hoc t r o n g chUdng q u a n t d i gidi) t r o n g quy t r i n h t r i n h gom: x a y d u n g l y t h u y e t nQ dung l y t h u y e t va t a i d u n g l i c h sQ se quyen, nQ q u y e n t u do, h a u h i e n dai l y giai t a i va b i n g each nao p h u xay 59 CHOE H Y O N D O K nvi b i gat r a n g o a i le t r o n g x a y d i i n g Rousseau, s i i thao l u a n ve d j a v i cua he t h d n g v a t a i d i i n g l i c h su: t r i e t hoc n i i gidi t r o n g t r i e t hoc ciia dng (bat b) T h i i m u c t a i l i e u v a cdng t r i n h dau v d i c h u n g h i a phe p h a n ciia M a r y t r i e t hoc ciia cac n h a t r i e t hoc nut can W o l l s t o n e c r a f t , 1759 - 1797) n e n dude dUdc gidi t h i e u t r o n g cac k h o a hoc dua vao D i a v i cua cac n h a t r i e t hoc nut v a y d) Cd n h i i n g c h u de (chang h a n , bat n g h i a l i c h s i i t i i cac t h a n h t i i u cua ho b i n h dang gidi) da dUdc g i a i quyet bdi n e n dUdc p h u c h o i N e u b a n d u a r a n h a t r i e t hoc, song l a i b j bd qua bdi m o t k h o a hoc g i d i t h i e u ve l i c h s i i n h a c h i i g i a i h a y n h a s i i hoc Can dac t r i e t hoc, t h i c a n cd' g&ng t i m h i e u biet c h i i y t d i cac v a n de, n h U t a i l i e u cd bao n h i e u n h a t r i e t hoc n i i c h i i n g b i p h d t Id v a dong cd ciia sii t r o n g g i a i d o a n l i c h s i i t r i e t hoc m a p h a n b i e t gidi l a gi? D i e u phai ban d i n h gidi thieu Chang han, neu la m o t p h a n cau t h a n h cua khoa hoc ban gidi thieu ve Leibniz, Anne Conway, t h i Leibniz tiep t h u k h a i l i e n quan e) Su t h a y ddi q u a n d i e m k h i e n cho n i e m M o n a d t i i a i , p h a i dUdc thCfa n h i i n g s i i khac b i e t de dude n h a n Y n g h i a ciia A s p a s i a t r o n g sU t h a y V d i sU p h a t t r i e n cua t r i e t hoc l i e n q u a n t d i p h U d n g p h a p t r i e t hoc n i i q u y e n t r o n g 30 - 40 n a m Socrates can dUdc dUa vao cac k h o a n h i i n g c h u de m d i da xua't h i e n hoc ve t r i e t hoc H y L a p cd d a i Ne'u Hnh vUc t r i e t hoc V a n de " t i n h khac" b a n g i a i q u y e t c h i i de ve n h a n q u y e n (tha t i n h ) h a y n h i i n g t h u y e t t r i n h ve v a ne'u Bdn "sii khac tuyen ngdn nhdn quyen nhan qua, b i e t gidi" ( J u d i t h Butler, nam 1789 ciia Cach m a n g P h a p l a Luce mot phan ciia " t h a n the'Ybody v d i t u each mot chu cua de t r i e t hoc, "nut q u y e n s i n h thai'VEco- t r o n g chUdng t r i n h ban, t h i Bdn tuyen nii gidi dUdc ngon Olympe ve quyen de Gouges Irigaray, Helene f e m i n i s m , "dao diic q u a n Cixous ), tam'VCare (1748-1793) cdng bd' sau i t ethics", " c h i n h t r i t i n h due" l a mot sd cung n e n dUa vao v i du Cac k h o a hoc g i a i quyet n h i i n g c) S i i thao l u a n m o t each phe p h a n c h u de m d i n a y n e n dUdc dUa vao n h i i n g y e u td' gia t r U d n g ciia m o t l y chUdng t r i n h g i a n g day c h i n h thdc t h u y e t t r i e t hoc, d u dUdc the h i e n r d cua t r i e t hoc • r a n g h a y n g a m y, can p h a i dUdc dUa Ngtfofi dich: ThS PHAM HUNG vao b a t k y k h o a hoc nao de cap t d i cac (Vien Kinh teva Chinh tri the gidi, nen t r i e t hoc v d i n h a t r i e t hoc cd l i e n Vien Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam) quan C h a n g h a n , t r o n g mot h d i thao Ngifofi hieu dinh: ThS TRAN TUAN PHONG chuyen de gidi t h i e u ve t r i e t hoc ciia (Vien Triet hoc, Vien Khoa hoc xd hoi Viet Nam) 60 ... y e n t h o n g t r i e t hoc r a t quan t r q n g , t d i mQc nd cd the g i i i p dd viec giai quyet v a n de I V M o t so'' d e thQc l u a n xuat dQa nQ quan diem gidi vao giang day t r i e... ve t r i e t hoc H y L a p , ddng t h d i cUdi dd, t d i n h a n t h a y bQc tUdng cua tao m d i quan t a m h d n t r o n g n g h i e n sU gia t r u d n g D u d n g n h u d u d i cdu ve c h u... p cac t a i l i e u n g h i e n cQu l i e n c h u n g t a t h U d n g h o i l i e u thUc sU da quan Cd sU khac b i e t l d n k h i so sanh tQng cd n h i i n g p h u nQ v d i nhQng v d i cac t