TRIET HOC, SO 12 (235), THANG 12 2010 NGHI QUYET X CUA DANG VA THUC TI§N CUOC SONG TIT TITGTNG HO C H I M I N H VE GIAO DUC Vflf l VIEC P H A T T R I E N N E N GIAO DUC VIET N A M N H U N G T H A P N[.]
TRIET HOC, SO 12 (235), THANG 12-2010 NGHI QUYET X CUA DANG VA THUC TI§N CUOC SONG TIT TITGTNG HO C H I M I N H VE GIAO D U C Vflfl V I E C P H A T T R I E N N E N GIAO DUC VIET N A M N H U N G T H A P N I E N D A U THE KY X X I NGUYEN T H I NGA *> ( Bdi viet phdn tich mot cdch khdi qudt tii tiidng ca ban ciia Ho Chi Minh ve gido due tren nhiing khia canh, nhii muc tieu, noi dung vd phitOng phdp gido due detren ca sd dd khdng dinh tu" tudng Ho Chi Minh vi gido due khong chi Id dnh sdng soi diidng, kim chi nam cho chien luac phdt trien ngiibi, phdt trien gido due d Viet Nam sudt may chuc nam qua, md la dinh hudng ca bdn ddi vdi viec ddi mdi, chan hUng va phdt trien nen gido due Viet Nam nhUng thdp nien ddu theky XXI < j7 uat giao due 2005, dieu quy chi la nha t u t u d n g , m a l u o n h i e n ft d i n h : "Nen giao due V i e t N a m la t h a n la ngUdi t h a y m a u mUc c h a m soc (z~J nen giao due xa h o i c h u n g h i a co cho su" nghiep t r o n g ngtfdi cua t i n h n h a n dan, dan toe, k h o a hoc va toe Sau k h i nUdc n h a h i e n dai, lay c h u n g h i a Mac - L e n i n cUdng v i C h u t i c h nUdc, NgUdi l u o n va tU t u d n g H o C h i M i n h l a m chu tang" N h U nen vay, co the noi, t u t u d n g t r o n g den doc lap, sU n g h i e p giao doi d t r o n g nUdc c i i n g n h u the Chf M i n h ve giao due n h i i n g chi dan ve giao due cua nhiing d j n h h u d n g gdi met cho phat trien nen giao due Viet tren due C u n g v d i t h d i gian, v d i r a t n h i e u b i e n Ho C h i M i n h n o i c h u n g , tU t u d n g H o n o i r i e n g la dan gidi, Ngudi viec v a n g i i i n g u y e n t i n h khoa hoc, tinh Nam each m a n g , co y n g h i a phUdng phap l u a n l d n lao v d i sU n g h i e p ddi m d i va h i e n V d i tU each he t h o n g q u a n diem phat trien giao due nude ta V d i y toan dien va sau sfic ve n h i i n g v a n de n g h i a do, H d C h i M i n h la mot cd b a n cua each m a n g V i e t N a m , tU giao due v i dai To chiic U N E S C O , k h i t u d n g Ho C h i M i n h l a k e t qua cua sU t o n v i n h H d C h i M i n h la d a n h n h a n van v a n hoa k i e t x u a t , da k h a n g d i n h sU d u n g va p h a t t r i e n cac gia t r i nha t r u y e n t h o n g tot dep cua dan toe, tiep t h u t i n h hoa v a n hoa n h a n loai T r o n g l i n h vUc giao due, Ho C h i M i n h k h o n g Pho giao sa, tien si, Vien Triet hoc, Hoc vien Chinh tri - Hanh chinh Quoc gia Ho Chi' Minh NGUYEN THI NGA dong gop q u a n t r o n g cua N g u d i ve n h i e m v u cd b a n , k h o n g t h e t a c h r d i n h i e u m a t , t r o n g co H n h vUc v a n cua each m a n g V i e t N a m V d i t r i e t l y hoa, giao due, nghe t h u a t da t r d t h a n h n i e m t i n sau sac - "mot Co t h e n o i , t r u y e n t h o n g v a n hoa, giao due, tinh than nhan ai, yeu d a n toe dot l a m o t d a n toe yeu", tii nhiing dau each mang, nude V i e t N a m , t u t u d n g y e u nUdc N g u d i da l e n a n " c h i n h sach n g u V i e t N a m , d a n s i n h , d a n c h u cua cac dan" m a c h i n h q u y e n t h i i c d a n ap si p h u V i e t N a m y e u nUdc cuoi t h e d u n g d V i e t N a m N a m 1930, t r o n g k y X I X - d a u t h e k y X X , t r i e t l y giao Ldi due, t r i e t l y n h a n s i n h cua N h o giao, D a n g Cong s a n D o n g DUdng, NgUdi P h a t giao; t u t U d n g n h a n v a n ve da n e u r a k h a u h i e u " t h i i c h a n h giao ngUdi, ve giao due ngUdi thdi due t o a n dan", t i i c l a p h a i t i e n h a n h C a n d a i da dUdc H o c h i M i n h ke cap giao due Cach m a n g t h a n g thCfa, t i e p t h u co chon loc, phe p h a n T a m t h a n h cong, N g U d i da l a n h dao v a sang tao D a c b i e t , t u tUcing giao n h a n d a n xoa bo n e n giao due thiic due cua c h u n g h i a M a c - L e n i n l a d a n de x a y d i i n g n e n giao due mdi t i e n de q u a n t r o n g n h a t tao n e n s i i NgUdi n h a n t h i i c m o t each sau sac ve p h a t t r i e n ve c h a t t r o n g t u tUcing H o sii can t h i e t p h a i p h a t t r i e n nen giao C h i M i n h ve g i a o due T h e m nQa, due each m a n g , coi l a mot bo phan nhiing hau k h o n g the qua cua nen giao due keu ggi nhan tach t h a n h lap r d i s i i nghiep xay Phap, d i i n g n e n k i n h te m d i , n e n v a n hoa n h i i n g he l u y ve c h i n h t r i - x a h o i - m d i v a ngUdi m d i t r o n g each mang ngUdi t r o n g c h i n h sach " n g u d a n Viet Nam de t r i " cua t h i i c d a n P h a p ddi v d i Quan d u d i s i i ho c u a t h i i c d a n nhan dan Viet Nam va sii nghiem thiic t r o n g t i e n hoat trai dong truyen diem la thong van hoa s i i ke thufa Viet Nam n h U n g da dUdc n a n g l e n t a m cao m d i each m a n g , n h a t l a y e u cau thUc t i e n - cua each m a n g V i e t N a m ve viec x a y dong cua l i c h s i i , t h d i d a i va v a n d i i n g n e n giao due m d i de dao tao r a m i n h n h a n l o a i N o dUdc k i e m chiing n h i i n g cong d a n thdi bdi t h i i c te c i i n g n h u x u h u d n g p h a t dac t r i e n k i n h te t r i t h i i c cua n h a n loai b i e t cho viec x a y d i i n g v a p h a t t r i e n t r o n g t h e k y X X I - mud'n t r d t h a n h n e n giao due each m a n g cUdng quoc, l a m chu da thiic NgUdi danh sii quan t a m p h u hdp v d i k h u y n h h u d n g v a n m u o n cd n e n kinh te N g h i e n c i i u d i s a n t i i tUcing H o c h i p h a t t r i e n n h a n h va b e n v i i n g p h a i M i n h cho t h a y , N g U d i dac b i e t q u a n d a u t U cho giao due, x a y d i i n g n e n t a m den v a n de giao due, coi l a giao due dap l i n g dUdc y e u cau p h a t TUTUC-NG HO C H I M I N H V E GIAO DUC t r i e n d a t nUdc X a h o i p h o n g k i e n xUa va che t r i e n n e n giao due m d i n h u sau: Thii nhat, ddi tUdng cua giao due thdc d a n cu da de l a i cho xa h o i V i e t phai la toan the n h a n dan Viet N a m N a m , ngUdi V i e t N a m n h i e u h u (khong p h a n b i e t gia t r e , n a m m i , tuc lac h a u , n h i e u t h d i hU, t a t xa'u can s i n h sdng d n d n g t h o n h a y t h a n h t h i , p h a i t h a y dd'i TrUdc thUc t r a n g nay, la ngUdi d a n toe t h i e u so"hay da sd', ) vdi t r i e t l y "hoa d a n dich tuc", tiic giao va n h i e m v u l d n nha't cua cdng tac hoa n h a n d a n de cai b i e n phong tuc, giao due l a p h a i l a m cho "ai cung dUdc Ho C h i M i n h xac d i n h muc t i e u n a y hoc hanh" cung v d i muc t i e u n a n g cao d a n t r i Thii hai, muc t i e u cua giao due l a cung la m o t t r o n g n h i i n g n h i e m v u "boi dUdng the he cdng dan, can bo cua nen giao due m d i V a , k h i xac sau nay", "dao tao ldp ngUdi, ldp can d i n h c h u n h a n cua s i i nghiep each bo mdi"(2) tao r a n h i i n g ngUdi cd mang, cua cong cuoc x a y d u n g xa h o i ich, n h i i n g ngUdi cd du diic va t a i , mdi la ngUdi V i e t N a m , l a dong v i i a h o n g v i i a c h u y e n "de phuc v u dao t a n g ldp n h a n d a n V i e t N a m d n h a n dan, phuc v u To' qud'c", ddng gdp m o i the he, m o i v u n g m i e n , NgUdi cho s i i hUng t h i n h cua da't nUdc, dUa k h a n g d i n h n h i e m v u cua n e n giao da't nUdc "sanh v a i cac cUong qud'c due m d i l a p h a i t r a n g b i n h i i n g k i e n n a m chau" thdc can t h i e t cho ho, g i u p ho h o a n Thii ba, n o i d u n g giao due phai t h i e n n h a n each ca n h a n , n a n g cao t o a n dien, bao gom t a t ca cac m a t diic, nang lUc c h u y e n m o n v a p h a m chat t r i , the, m y N o i d u n g giao due p h a i dao ddc de l a m c h u va x a y d i i n g xa k e t hdp dUdc t r i t h i i c k h o a hoc v d i hoi m d i V d i t u t u d n g c h u dao n h a t k i e n t h i i c t h i i c te' (hoc p h a i cti ddi v d i quan va x u y e n suot r a n g , xa h o i m d i h a n h ) , p h a t h u y dUdc t i n h sang tao, p h a i cd n h i i n g ngUdi m d i dUdc tao k h a n a n g t u d u y cua m d i ngUdi hoc, nen bdi n h i i n g q u a n he xa h o i m d i va dong t h d i p h a i d a m bao c h i i a d i i n g ca mot nen giao due m d i , NgUdi n h a n t i n h d a n toe va t i n h t h d i d a i (ket hdp m a n h : "Ve giao due, che khac t h i n h i i n g net v a n hoa t r u y e n thd'ng t d t giao due c i i n g k h a c " ( l ) ; r a n g n e n giao dep cua d a n toe v d i n h i i n g t i n h hoa t r i due m a c h u n g t a can p h a i x a y d i i n g la t h i i c v a n m i n h , h i e n dai, t i e n bo cua nen giao due dan toe, k h o a hoc va d a i n h a n loai), c h i i n g - nen giao due m d i cua dan, Thd tit, phUdng p h a p giao due p h a i dan, v i dan C h i i n g t a cd the k h a i quat t u t u d n g cd b a n cua NgUdi ve xay diing va p h a t (1) Ho Chi Minh Toan tap, t.8, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi, 2000, tr.183 (2) Ho Chi Minh Sdd, t.8, tr.183 NGUYEN THI NGA k h o a hoc, p h u hop v d i n h i e u l o a i doi tUdng khac n h a u , n h u giao due k h d n g g i a n sap t d i Coi phat t r i e n giao due l a n e n c h i bd hep t r o n g n h a trUdng, m a q u a n ctiem n h a t p h a i p h a t h u y m o i l i e n he m a t t h i e t t r o n g t h d i k y dd'i m d i T r o n g CWcfng g i i i a n h a t r U d n g , gia d i n h va x a h o i , linh xay ditng qud len chu nghia giao due phai cham lo, b o i q u a n cua D a n g t a dat nUdc thdi ky xa hoi (1991), dudng t h e he t r e , v d i m o i doi tugng, D a n g t a da xac d i n h : "Khoa hoc va mdi cdng nghe, giao due va dao tao phai cap hoc can phai cd nhiing phUdng p h a p giao due p h u hdp, Thii nam, dUdc x e m l a qud'c sach h a n g dau" Dd giao due can dUdc thUc ciing l a t i n h t h a n c h i dao cd b a n the h i e n d u d i n h i e u h i n h t h i i c , each t h i i c , h i e n t r o n g cac v a n k i e n dai h d i ciia l o a i h i n h , chUdng t r i n h dao tao khac D a n g N g h i quyet H o i n g h i l a n t h i i n h a u ( t r o n g n h a t r U d n g , t r o n g cudc h a i B a n Chap h a n h T r u n g Udng Dang song, t h d n g q u a sach vd, t r a o doi; hoc (khoa V I I I ) va k e t l u a n H d i n g h i l a n t h a y , hoc b a n , t u hoc; hoc d m o i n d i , t h i i sau B a n Chap h a n h T r u n g Udng m o i l u c ) n h a m d a m bao muc t i e u (khoa I X ) ve p h a t t r i e n giao due va giao due t o a n d a n c i i n g n h u n a n g cao dao tao da dUdc ddng dao quan chiing chat lu'dng, h i e u qua giao due n h a n d a n u n g ho Thii sdu, cdng tac giao due p h a i c h u T r e n t h i i c te, t r o n g n h i i n g n a m ddi y ca h a i ddi t U d n g ngUdi hoc va ngUdi mdi, day Viec p h a t t r i e n n e n giao due p h a i dUdc D a n g v a N h a nUdc t a cung nhU dUdc coi l a n h i e m v u cua t o a n xa h o i , ddng dao cac n h a khoa hoc va quan la cdng viec cd t i n h l i e n n g a n h , can cd chiing nhan sii c h u dong, q u a n t a m cua cac cap u y n h i i n g t h a n h t i i u q u a n t r o n g va t i e n D a n g , c h i n h q u y e n , n h a n dan, t r o n g bd da dUdc x a h d i t h i i a n h a n , cdng tac v a i t r d cua n h i i n g ngUdi l a m cdng giao due v a dao tao cua c h i i n g ta tac giao due l a h e t siic q u a n t r o n g t r o n g n h i i n g n a m v i i a qua v a n cdn cd N h U v a y , cd t h e n d i , t u t u d n g H o cdng tac giao due, dao tao da nhiing bat dan quan t a m Ngoai cap trUdc y e u cdu phat C h i M i n h ve p h a t ' t r i e n n e n giao due t r i e n dat nUdc H o i n g h i l a n t h i i h a i each m a n g Ban l a he t h d n g cac quan Chap hanh T r u n g UOng (khoa diem phong phii va hoan chinh T u V I I I ) da n h a n d i n h , m o t bo p h a n sinh t u d n g ay l a a n h s a n g soi dUdng, vach vien, hoc s i n h cd t i n h t r a n g suy t h o a i r a phUdng h U d n g cd b a n cho c h i e n dao diic, p h a i n h a t ve l y tudng, chay lUdc p h a t t h e n n g i i d i , c h i e n lUdc theo l d i sd'ng t h i i c d u n g , t h i e u hoai p h a t t r i e n giao diic d nUdc t a t r o n g bao lap t h a n , lap nghiep v i tUdng l a i sudt m a y chuc n a m qua v a ca t h d i cua b a n t h a n va da't nUdc N h i e u n h a TUTUC-NG HO C H I M I N H V E GIAO DUC giao due t h i cho r a n g , K i n h n g h i e m cua cac niidc p h a t t r o n g m a y n a m qua cd p h a n t h i i a ve t h e n v a d a n g p h a t t h e n cho t h a y , "day chii", f t "day nghe", k h d n g c h u p h a t t h e n giao due l a b i q u y e t t h a n h t r o n g "day ngUdi" D a n h gia t i n h h i n h cdng, l a d i i d n g n g l n n h a t de d i giao due V i e t N a m t r o n g n h i i n g n a m t a t , ddn d a u , " r u t n g a n " t r o n g cdng dau the k y X X I , t r o n g " D u thao chien cuoc cdng n g h i e p hoa, h i e n d a i hoa hide giao due 2009-2020 Gan t h i i 14)" K h a n g d i n h v a n de n a y , U N E S C O Bd Giao due va dao tao cdng bd', dUa r a t u y e n bd': K h d n g cd s i i t i e n bo ben nhiing v a t h a n h d a t nao cd t h e t a c h k h d i s i i t h a n h t i i u da dat dUdc ve quy md, t i e n bd va t h a n h d a t t r o n g l i n h vUc chat lu'dng giao due c i i n g n h U cdng tac giao due cua qud'c gia V a n h i i n g quan l y giao due, D u thao c i i n g k h a n g qud'c gia nao coi n h e giao due hoac d i n h n h i e u b a t cap, y e u k e m Q u a n khdng du t r i thiic va k h a nang can sat thiic t r a n g xa h o i cho t h a y , t r i n h t h i e t de l a m giao due m o t each cd v a n hoa va d a n t r i nUdc t a h i e u qua t h i so' p h a n cua qud'c gia tha'p D i e u n a y b i e u h i e n ro t r e n l d i x e m n h u da a n b a i v a d i e u cdn t o i sd'ng, suy n g h i , te h d n ca s i i p h a san nghien ciiu canh viec khang tac dinh phong, y trach n h i e m cdng dong, dao thiic diic P h a t t h e n n e n giao due V i e t N a m T i n h t r a n g n a y da tac dong t i e u cUc nhiing thap den m o i m a t ddi sd'ng xa h d i ; h d n nuta, c h i i n g t a dang d i i n g trUdc n h i e u cd t r o n g x u h u d n g p h a t t r i e n va ca t r e n hdi va t h a c h t h i i c D a n g va N h a nUdc thiic te, h i e n t a i n g u o n n h a n liic nUdc t a da nha't q u a n coi t r o n g viec p h a t ta chiia dap l i n g dUdc yeu cau p h a t t r i e n giao due qua n h i e u c h u trUdng, t r i e n k i n h te, chat lu'dng lao dong c h i n h sach l d n N h i i n g t h a n h t i i u m a tha'p c h i i n g t a cd dUdc sau 65 n a m Den thdi diem hien nay, giao due each mang phat n h i i n g h a n che, y e u k e m t r e n v a n then chUa dUdc khac phuc, t h a m c h i cd n h i i n g t h a n h t i i u da dat dUdc t r o n g p h a n gia t a n g n h i e u chieu canh p h a t t h e n k i n h te - x a h d i t r o n g 25 D a n h gia t i n h h i n h v a k e t qua t h i i c n a m dd'i m d i v i i a qua da tao tao cd h i e n N g h i quyet D a i h d i X cua D a n g sd v a t chat va t i n h t h a n cho s i i m d t r o n g nvfa d a u n h i e m k y ve p h a t t r i e n r d n g va n a n g cao chat lu'dng giao due giao due - dao tao, B a n Chap Hdp tac qud'c te dUdc m d r o n g da tao hanh nen n i e n d a u the k y X X I , va T r u n g ddng khoa X da g h i n h a n dieu dd(3) D d l a n h i i n g t h a c h t h i i c ma thiic t i e n dang dat r a cho nen giao due V i e t N a m h i e n (3) Xem: Dang Cong san Viet Nam Van kien Hoi nghi ldn thU chin Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng (khoa X) Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ba Noi 2009, tr.36 - 38 NGUYEN THI NGA dieu k i e n t h u a n l d i cho c h u n g t a cd c h i i n g v d i n h i i n g muc t i e u va dieu the n h a n h chdng t i e p can v d i cac x u kien the m d i , t r i t h i i c m d i , nhQng m d h i n h n h i i n g t h a p n i e n d a u cua the k y X X L giao due h i e n d a i , t a n d u n g cac k i n h C u the l a : n g h i e m qud'c te, cac n g u o n dau t u de Thii cu the nhat, cua Viet Nam n e n giao due V i e t N a m ddi m d i v a p h a t t r i e n , l a m t h u hep t r o n g nhQng t h a p n i e n d a u cua the k y k h o a n g each p h a t t r i e n giQa nUdc t a X X I p h a i p h a t t r i e n theo h u d n g dap v d i cac nUdc khac B e n canh n h i i n g l i n g yeu cau cua qua t r i n h day m a n h t h a n h t i i u r a t d a n g t u hao m a n e n cdng nghiep hoa, h i e n d a i hoa gan vdi giao due m d i da d a t dUdc, n e n giao p h a t t r i e n k i n h te t r i t h i i c va m d rong due nUdc t a v a n n h i e u b a t cap, h d i n h a p qud'c te, tao cd h d i va t i e n de y e u k e m , c h u a dap l i n g dUdc yeu cau can t h i e t de p h a t t r i e n ngUdi toan p h a t t h e n da't nUdc, t h e m vao dd l a ca dien V i e t N a m h i e n n a y dang n h i i n g y e u k e m t r o n g viec q u a n l y , t h d i k y day m a n h cdng nghiep hoa, d i e u h a n h he thd'ng giao due S i i p h a t h i e n d a i hoa g a n v d i p h a t t r i e n k i n h t h e n m a n h m e cua cudc each m a n g te t r i t h i i c , d i e u can dUdc coi la mot k h o a hoc v a cdng nghe t r e n the gidi cd y e u cau cd b a n nha't de t i i xac d i n h the l a m cho k h o a n g each k i n h te v a chien hide giao due Mot mat, giao due t r i t h i i c g i i i a V i e t N a m va cac nUdc la cdng cu h i i u h i e u va p h d bien de cang gia t a n g , nUdc t a cd n g u y cd cung cap cho ngUdi cac t r i thiic b i t u t h a u x a h d n NgUdi lao dong V i e t khoa hoc can t h i e t m a neu t h i e u nd, N a m y e u t h e ve c h a t lu'dng t r o n g qua k h d n g the khac phuc dUdc t i n h t r a n g t r i n h h d i n h a p S i i x a m n h a p cua cac ngheo n a n , lac h a u , k h d n g the phat y e u to' n g o a i l a i v a s i i b i e n dong t r o n g t r i e n Mat khdc, ddi sd'ng x a h o i d a n g tao r a n h i i n g t r a n g b i cho ngUdi t i n h cam, l y b i e n ddi t r o n g t u tUdng, t r o n g cd tUdng va r a t n h i e u cac k y n a n g mem n h i i n g tac ddng t i e u cUc l d n , n h U h i n h de ngUdi n a n g cao chat lUdng cuoc t h a n h l d i sd'ng t h i i c d u n g , x d i m d n b a n sd'ng ca ve v a t chat l i n t i n h sac v a n hoa d a n toe C h i n h v i vay, n e n giao due V i e t N a m giao due la cdng cu than tu h i e n n a y can tiep tuc ddi m d i mot tiidng Ho C h i M i n h phat trien each m a n h me t r e n m o i p h u d n g dien n e n giao due V i e t N a m h i e n nay, ve Ve n o i dung, can t r a n h su t h i e n lech m a t phUdng p h a p l u a n , c h i i n g t a can c h u yeu c h i i t r o n g day chQ m a coi nhe tiep tuc ddi m d i t u d u y ve giao due ve dao dQc, t U t u d n g , n h a n each l a m theo h u d n g k i e n d i n h p h a t t r i e n mot ngiidi; n d i d u n g giao due p h a i theo nen giao due k h o a hoc, d a n toe va d a i hudng Trong boi canh do, ke thQa toan dien, vQa "hdng" vQa TUTUC-NG HO C H I M I N H V E GIAO DUC "chuyen" k h o n g c h i l a k h a u hieu, m a l a i , n e u t u y e t dd'i hda y e u to' qud'c te p h a i dUdc coi l a h i e n thUc M u c t i e u se l a m cho n e n giao due V i e t N a m t r d cua cac cap hoc k h o n g chi la b a n g cap, n e n l a i cang, m a t gdc, l a m m a t s i i chiing c h i , m a l a t r i thiic, k y nang, t i n h t i i y cua n e n v a n hda d a n toe S i i phong each t u d u y va h a n h ddng p h u k e t hdp g i i i a t i n h t h a n d a n tdc va hdp, h i e u qua, dap l i n g yeu cau p h a t qud'c te cdn cd n g h i a l a x a y d i i n g m o t t r i e n xa h d i , p h a t t r i e n ngUdi nen Viec xac d i n h n d i d u n g v a phUdng giao due cd t i n h d a n toe cao, n h u n g l a i t i e p t h u dUdc n h i i n g y e u to' phap giao due, x a y d i i n g cac h i n h t h i i c t i e n bd cua n e n giao due xa r d i muc t i e u n a y se l a m N h i i n g k i n h n g h i e m giao due cua cac cho giao due k h d n g xac nUdc t r o n g k h u viic v a t r e n the gidi d i n h dUdc hUdng d i d i i n g dan Thii hai, giao due the gidi n g a y n a y deu l a n h i i n g k i n h n g h i e m n e n giao due V i e t N a m quy b a u m a n e n giao due V i e t N a m t r o n g n h i i n g t h a p k y d a u cua the k y mud'n p h a t X X I p h a i dUdc p h a t t r i e n t r e n cd sd phat huy ket hdp t r u y e n t h o n g v d i h i e n dai, Thii t r i e n p h a i ke t h i i a va ba, p h a i t h i i c h i e n da phUdng dan tdc va qud'c te V i e t N a m cd m o t hda, da d a n g hda cac he thd'ng giao nen giao due l a u ddi T r u y e n thd'ng due va cac phUdng t h i i c giao due de h i e u hoc, phUdng c h a m " t i e n hoc le, hinh h a u hoc v a n " va n h i e u phUdng p h a p c h i i n g , a i c i i n g dUdc hoc h a n h ChUa giao due t r u y e n thd'ng khac da tao bao gid d i e u k i e n qud'c te v a t r o n g nen nUdc l a i t h u a n l d i cho viec p h a t t r i e n giao due V i e t N a m D i e u va n h i i n g cac l o a i h i n h giao due da d a n g n h u gia t r i t r u y e n thd'ng td't dep khac l a h i e n V i vay, mot mat, n h i i n g t a i san vd gia m a n e n giao due can p h a i day m a n h giao due cdng lap, Viet N a m hien t r o n g dd p h a i Uu t i e n cho giao due t h i i a se k h d n g t h e p h a t t r i e n dUdc phd' cap, giao due d cac v i i n g sau, Ciing n h u n h i e u l i n h vUc khac, n g o a i v u n g xa, cho n h i i n g hoc s i n h , s i n h viec ke t h i i a t i i t r u y e n thd'ng, t r o n g v i e n cd h o a n c a n h k h d k h a n ; mat giao due, c h i i n g t a p h a i ke t h i i a cac khdc, cac t h a n h t i i u cua v a n m i n h n h a n loai, t r U d n g ngoai cdng l a p t h d n g qua viec dac b i e t l a cac l y t h u y e t k h o a hoc h u y dong vd'n ciia cac to chiic, ca h i e n d a i va phUdng p h a p giao due n h a n t r o n g v a n g o a i nUdc, m d r o n g m d i Ne'u t u y e t dd'i hda t r u y e n thd'ng cac t r U d n g day nghe, k h u y e n k h i c h d a n toe se l a m cho n e n giao due V i e t m d cac t r U d n g d a i hoc, cao d a n g day N a m t r d n e n lac h a u , l d i t h d i ; ngUdc nghe chat lu'dng cao, cac t r U d n g l i e n nen n h i i n g sac t h a i r i e n g cua ne'u k h d n g ke can mot nen md rong giao due he dai chiing ta thd'ng NGUYEN THI NGA lien ngoai; c h i u t r a c h n h i e m trUdc t o a n xa h d i ve C u n g v d i dd, c a n p h a i da dang hda viec x a y d i i n g , s i i d u n g ddi n g u can bd cac phUdng giao due va c u n g v d i dd l a t o a n bd trung chat lUdng giao due M o t n e n giao due doanh, ket v d i nUdc phUdng t h t i c t h i i c dao tao dao tao; chinh quy tap t r u y e n t h d n g c a n dUdc t i e p tuc p h a t tdt la nhd nha huy thiic p h a t t r i e n giao due d i i n g va ngUdc l a i khac, n h u dao tao c h i n h quy k h d n g V i vay, d V i e t N a m h i e n nay, chi cd t a p t r u n g , dao tao v i i a hoc v i i a l a m , N h a nude, d u d i s i i l a n h dao cua Dang, dao m d i cd the ddng v a i t r d t r u cot t r o n g ben tao canh nhieu t i i xa, dUdng, cap nhat, cac phUdng h i n h thiic boi hoan chinh kien t h i i c Cd n h u v a y , c h i i n g t a m d i tao nUdc cd c h i n h sach viec x a y d i i n g m o t n e n giao due thiic sii vQng m a n h r a dUdc m o t x a h d i hoc t a p , tao cd h o i D d l a m o t sd' q u a n d i e m cd b a n de de m o i ngUdi, t u y d i e u k i e n , h o a n x a y d i i n g v a p h a t t r i e n nen giao due c a n h cua m i n h , d e u dUdc hoc h a n h V i e t N a m n h a m dap i i n g yeu cau phat Thii tii, giao due l a s i i nghiep cua t r i e n da't nUdc theo d i n h h u d n g xa hoi t o a n x a h d i , n h U n g p h a i cd s i i l a n h c h u n g h i a t r o n g n h i i n g t h a p n i e n dau dao t h o n g n h a t cua D a n g v a cd sU the k y X X I O day v a n cdn n h i e u y q u a n l y c h a t che cua N h a nUdc X a h o i k i e n khac n h a u , song c i i n g k h a thd'ng h i e n nay, m d i ngUdi d a n deu cd t r a c h n h a t r a n g , h u d n g t d i p h a t t r i e n nen n h i e m ddi v d i viec hoc t a p cua ban giao due t r o n g the k y X X I , ngoai viec t h a n , n h U n g p h a t t r i e n n e n giao due td'ng k e t t h i i c t i e n n e n giao due nude nUdc n h a p h a i l a v a n de cua t o a n x a nha, n g o a i viec ke t h i i a va p h a t huy h o i , cua n h i i n g n g i i d i l a m cdng tac cac gia t r i t r o n g t u tUcing giao due giao due, dac b i e t l a cac n h a l a n h dao, t r u y e n thd'ng, ke t h i i a t i n h hoa va q u a n l y giao due V i vay, D a n g l a k i n h n g h i e m giao due cua cac nUdc, n h i i n g ngUdi c h i u t r a c h n h i e m trUdc p h a t t r i e n giao due V i e t N a m can dac t o a n xa h o i t r o n g viec de r a n h i i n g biet dUdc soi sang bdi t i n h hoa t u c h u trUdng, dUdng l o i d i i n g d a n de t u d n g H o C h i M i n h Theo t u t u d n g va p h a t t r i e n giao due; N h a nUdc can the n h i i n g phUdng t h i i c m a H o C h i M i n h che hda v a i t r d , t r a c h n h i e m va q u y e n da l a m , n e n giao due V i e t N a m p h a i l d i cua cac to' chiic, ca n h a n va gia dUdc x a y d i i n g v d i m o t quy m d va t a m d i n h t r o n g viec p h a t t r i e n giao due vdc m d i , tao r a n h i i n g c h u y e n b i e n ve Dac biet, N h a nUdc p h a i x a y d i i n g quy chat t r o n g giao due, dap i i n g nhQng che giao due v a q u a n l y m o t each chat yeu cau p h a t t r i e n da't nude va che t o a n bd he t h d n g giao due, ngiidi V i e t N a m t r o n g n h i i n g t h a p tii m a m n o n den d a i hoc va sau dai hoc, 10 n i e n dau t h e k y X X I • ... o n g c h i n h sach " n g u d a n Viet Nam de t r i " cua t h i i c d a n P h a p ddi v d i Quan d u d i s i i ho c u a t h i i c d a n nhan dan Viet Nam va sii nghiem thiic t r o n g t i e... n g cd b a n cua NgUdi ve xay diing va p h a t (1) Ho Chi Minh Toan tap, t.8, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi, 2000, tr.183 (2) Ho Chi Minh Sdd, t.8, tr.183 NGUYEN THI NGA k h o a hoc, p h u hop... nghiem thiic t r o n g t i e n hoat trai dong truyen diem la thong van hoa s i i ke thufa Viet Nam n h U n g da dUdc n a n g l e n t a m cao m d i each m a n g , n h a t l a y e u cau thUc t