Nguyin Thi Thanh Huyin vd Dtg Tap chf KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 87(11) 125 129 GIAO DUC THOI QUEN VAN HOA VE SINH CHO TRE M A U GIAO MOT B I E N PHAP NANG CAO CHAT Ll/ONG GIAO DUC M A M NON Nguyen Thi Than[.]
Nguyin Thi Thanh Huyin vd Dtg Tap chf KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 87(11): 125- 129 GIAO DUC THOI QUEN VAN HOA VE SINH CHO TRE M A U GIAO MOT B I E N PHAP NANG CAO CHAT Ll/ONG GIAO DUC M A M NON Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen , Nguyen Thj Thanh Truang Dgi hoc Su phgm - DH Thdi Nguyen TOM T A T Giao due thdi quen van hoa ve sinh (TQVHVS) la mdt nhung nhiem vu ciia giao due ngudi toan dien Ddi vdi tre mau giao can giao due nhiing TQVHVS nhu: Thdi quen van hda ve sinh ca nhan; an udng; tien hanh hoat ddng; giao tiep cd van hda Qua trinh hinh thdi quen cho tre dugc dien theo cac giai doan: Hieu each lam; Hinh ky nang; Hinh ky xao De giao due TQVHVS cho tre mau giao, cd the sir dung cac nhdm phuang phap: giao due thai ddi vdi hanh vi van hda: td chuc luyen tap hanh vi; giao due y thirc thuc hien hanh vi Qua trinh giao due TQVHVS cho tre dugc thuc hien thdng qua eac dudng: Td chirc cac tiet hoc giao due ve sinh: Cac boat dgng vui chai; Ldng ghep vao cac boat ddng hoc cd chu dich; Luyen tap true tiep, thudng xuyen sinh hoat hang ngay; Phdi hgp vdi gia dinh qua trinh giao due tre Til' khoa: Gido due, thdi quen, vdn hod ve sinh, tre mdu gido, chdt lugng gido due Ve sinh la bieu hien eua nep song van minh, mgt bien phap khoa bgc nham muc dich bao ve, nang cao sire khoe cua nguoi De ve sinh tra thoi quen van boa moi ngudi can phai c6 mgt qua trinh tap luyen, ren luyen va dau tranh voi ban than Doi voi tre mau giao can phai giao due cho tre nhung thoi quen van hoa sau; - Thoi quen van boa ve sinh ca nhan; Rira mat; rira tay; danh rang; chai toe; mac quan ao sach se; ho hoac hat hoi biet che mieng, mui; sau di dao choi biet riia chan tay sach se va biet xep ggn gang giay dep vao noi quy dinh; trudc di ngii phai lam ve sinh ea nhan, cdi bot ao ngoai Giao due thoi quen van hoa ve sinh eho tre tii' lua tuoi mam non la mgt nhung nhiem vu giao due toan dien eo y nghfa Ion doi vdi sy hinh hanh va phat trien nhan each ciia tre sau Bdi day la giai doan danh dau sir ty lap dan dan sinh boat hang ciia tre, giai doan dinh hinh nhan each Giao due thoi quen van hoa ve sinh la ren luyen cho tre nhung thoi quen ciia nep song van minh nhu; tfnh sach se, ngan nap, ggn gang Dong thdi cung cap cho tre nhung kien thuc ca ban, khoa bgc vl ve snh ca nhan Boi duong eho tre nhung tinh cam, thai dg tfch eye doi vdi viec thye hien nhung hanh vi van boa, to chuc cho tre thye hien cac thoi quen van boa ve sinh sinh boat hang ngay, giup tre biet ty kilm tra, danh gia hanh dgng ve sinh ciia minh, eiia ban Tii' hinh cho tre thoi quen thye hien hanh vi van boa ve sinh, de tre cd thi ty bao ve minh dugc song thoai mai ve the chat va tinh than - s6ng khoe manh Trong an: Tre biet sir dung dung cu an uong (cam thia bang tay phai bat bang tay trai; each giir thia, bat ), biet nhai va nuot an (ngam mieng nhai, an uong tir ton, nhai ky ), biet quy trgng dg an thiie uong (khong de thira thuc an, khong lam vai, thiic an ), khong noi chuyen, diia nghich an ' Tel: 0983 856727 Sau an; Tap cho tre biet de bat, thia, be ghe cat dimg nai quy dinh; biet ty dimg khan - Thoi quen an uong co van boa ve sinh: Viec an uong khong nhung dap iing nhu cau sinh ly ciia ca the ma co khia canh dao diic tham my Hanh vi an uong co van boa ve sinh la the hien sy ton trgng mgi ngudi xung quanh Vi vay, can giao due eho tre mau giao nhung quy djnh ve an uong nhu: Trude an; Biet riia mat rira tay sach se lay ghe va ngoi vao diing vj trf cua minh biet mdi mgi ngudi xung quanh 125 Nguyin Thi Thanh Huyin vd Dtg Tap chf KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE lau mieng, lau tay; biet uong nuoc sdc mieng, khong chay nhay diia nghjch - Thoi quen tien hanh hoat dgng co van hoa: Doi voi tre mau giao, thoi quen hoat dgng co van hoa ve sinh dugc the hien a hanh vi ciia tre tham gia vao cac boat dgng bgc tap, vui choi, lao dgng va cac sinh hoat khac.Giao due eho tre co thoi quen boat dgng co van hoa ve sinh la giao due tre biet giir ngan nap noi hoat dgng, giir gin dimg - vat lieu - san pham boat dgng; khong vut rac bira bai Sau choi, hge bai xong biet cat diing, choi diing nai quy djnh; khong lam hong diing, chai; biet dugc muc dich boat dgng; thich duge lam viec giup da nguoi Ion; biet hoan nhiem vu dugc giao - Thoi quen giao tiep co van hoa: The hien d cho tre phai nam dugc mgt sg quy djnh ve giao tiep eua tre vdi ngudi Ion va ban, tren ea sd ton frgng va eg thien chf; biet sir dyng cae phuong tien ngon ngu' va phi ngon ngu; biet chao hoi mgi nguoi the hien nhu cau, the hien sy an ban mac loi, the hien sy quan tam; biet noi ldi cam on, xin loi can thiet; giao tiep khong duge noi khong .[2]; [5] Qua trinh hinh thoi quen cho tre dugc dien theo cac giai doan: Giai dogn 1: Hieu cdch ldm Giao vien can hudng dan cho tre hieu moi hanh dgng gom nhting thag tac nao? Cac thao tac dien theo trinh ty nhu the nao? Cach tien hanh moi thao tac cu the Giai doan 2: Hinh thdnh ky ndng Huong dan tre biet van dyng nhirng tri thirc da biet de tien hanh mgt hanh dgng cy the nag Viee tien hanh eae hanh dgng d giai doan doi hoi sy tap trung chu y, co no lyc ve y chi va biet vugt qua kho khan Giai doan 3: Hinh thdnh ky xdo Huong dan tre biet bien cac hanh dgng y chi cac hanh dgng ty dgng hoa, bSng each luyen tap nhieu lan de giam bat tai mirc toi thieu sy tham gia cua y thirc vao hanh dgng Cuoi ciing cao hon ky xao, hanh dgng da ty dgng boa se tra thoi quen [4] 126 87(11): 125- 129 4.Giao dye thoi quen van hoa ve sinh cho tre mau giao, giao vien mam non co the sOr dung cac phuang phap sau: Nhdm phuang phdp gido due tinh cdm ddi vdi hdnh vi vdn hda cho tre: | De giao dye tinh cam doi vai hanh vi van hoa cho tre co the bang each: - Tao xuc cam cho tre doi vai moi trudng xung quanh, tir giup tre hanh dgng hudng tdi muc dich Myc dich cua phuang phap nham giao due sy nhay cam cho tre, chuan bj tam the don nhan hanh vi, bdi thye te tre CO cam xiic tot tre se de the hien dieu hoat dgng va giao tiep ' - Su dung mau muc hanh vi tac pham van hge, cugc song Phuong phap nham giup tre nhan biet hanh vi dimg, sai tir tao tinh cam tich eye cua tre doi vai hanh vi van hoa Co the thuc hien thong qua viec cho tre lam quen vdi tac pham van hge, khen ggi dgng vien tre tte thye hien hanh vi diing - To chirc cho tre dam thoai ve chuan myc hanh vi: Phuong phap nham giiip tre tu xay dyng bieu tugng dung ve hanh vi dya tren he thdng cau hoi cua giao vien dong thdi tao thu nhan thuc, tinh cam tot cho tre De dat hieu qua cao giao vien co tao tinh huong CO van de thong qua viec to chuc tro chai cho tre, til' giup tre nhan van de di den giai quyet van de, hinh hanh vi diing Nhdm phucmg phdp td chirc luyen tap hdnh vi cho tre: Co the sir dung nhom phuang phap thong qua; To chirc cho tre tap sir dung nhirng phuong tien boat dgng, giao tiep: dudi hinh thiicluyen tap thong qua nhirng nhirng trang phuc, vat dung tre su' dyng tro chai, myc dich la tap eho tre su' dung phuang tien, tir hinh ky nang the hien hanh vi, giao due sy nhay cam a tre - To chiic cho tre tap hanh vi tro chai, cugc song: Thong qua nhirng tinh huong gia dinh, tinh huong that tao moi Nguyin Thi 'Thanh Huyin vd Dtg Tap chf KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE trudng giao tiep eho tre, tir giiip tre nhan biet, hieu dugc y nghTa cua hanh vi, hinh hanh vi tot Nhdm phuong phdp gido due y thirc thuc hien hdnh vl cho tre: De giao due y thirc thye hien hanh vi cho tre: Khi to chuc trd chai eho tre, giao vien cd the sir dung luat chai giiip tre ty dieu ehinh hanh vi ciia minh To chuc cho tre danh gia hanh vi cugc sdng, tao du luan "tap the" ddi vdi viee thye hien hanh vi cho tre Myc dich ciia nhdm phuong phap nham giiip tre ciing cd bieu tugng ve hanh vi, kich thich tre tich eye dieu ehinh hanh vi eho phii hgp, ddng thdi sir dung sire manh eiia tap the de dieu chinh hanh vi cho tre NhiJng phuong phap giao due tren giao vien cd the van dyng phoi hgp qua trinh giao dye tre thong qua cac dudng sau: Td chirc cdc tiet hoc gido due ve sinh: Td chu'c tiet hge giao due ve sinh chuyen biet la each thuc tac dgng tryc tiep den nhan thue va hanh vi cua tre Myc dich la trang bj cho tre nhti'ng tri thuc chu yeu ve ve sinh, giiip tre nam dugc cac thao tac thye hien tiing hanh dgng ve sinh mgt each chinh xac, diing dan, lam ca sd de luyen tap sinh boat hang Cac tiet ve sinh cd the td chiic theo tiing nhdm nhd tii' - 10 tre vao cac thdi diem lam ve sinh ea nhan, trudc am ca'm, trudc ngu trua Trong qua trinh to ehiic tiet hge ve sinh ca nhan, giao vien cd the su dung cac dung cy tryc quan nhu tranh anh hoac cac dung cy ve sinh ca nhan (vat that) de giiip tre dl dang nam duge each thuc thye hien, cd hirng thu vdi viec thye hien hanh vi van boa ve sinh Td chirc cdc hogt ddng vui chai chira dimg ndi dung gido due thdi quen vdn hod ve sinh: Choi la qua trinh tre hge lam ngudi, trai nghiem nhung xuc cam, tinh cam, hanh vi cua eon ngudi qua cac vai khac Vdi cac chii dl chai ve "gia dinh", "cira hang bach boa", "trudng hge", "benh vien" Khi tre tham gia vao trd choi cung chinh la qua trinh tre tiep nhan tri thirc, ky nang, hinh xiic cam 87(11): 125- 129 tinh cam mgt each ty nhien khdng ep bude Vi du chii de "gia dinh" giao vien cd the tien hanh cho tre choi eac trd chai vdi biip be, ket hgp vdi cac dyng cy ve sinh, hoac sir dung cac trd chgi ddng kich (bang cae vd kjch cd ngi dung ngan ggn, cd the giao vien soan thao dya tren nhung hanh vi ciia tre da quan sat dugc), de ren luyen cho tre cac thdi quen van hoa ve sinh thong qua eac bude td chuc trd chai nhu; Chuan bj cha tre choi: Cho tre lam quen vdi ddi sdng xung quanh (qua dao choi tham quan, trd chuyen, trao ddi vdi tre ) Trong qua trinh can hudng tre chu y tdi hanh dgng cua eon ngud'i, mdi quan he eua hg, ket hgp vdi giai thich dgng ca hanh ddng, tao mdi trudng boat dgng, giiip tre de dang sir dung eae vat lieu cd san va hoan canh xung quanh de chai - Td chirc cho tre choi: Cho tre dam thoai trudc chai, dam thoai giup tre cd co' hgi dgc lap chuyen tri thuc va ky nang da biet de dat muc dieh choi, lap ke hoach td ehiic thye hien va xac dinh nhung dieu kien can thiet Trong qua trinh td chirc, dieu kien qua trinh choi ciia tre, giao vien cd the tham gia tryc tiep vao trd choi vdi tre, giiip tre phat trien mdi quan he trd choi bang each md rgng ngi dung choi vai chai, danh gia vai choi nhung tinh hudng cu the, hudng dan tre kip thdi giiip tre dieu ehinh hanh vi phii hgp Sau ket thuc trd chai, giao vien vdi tu each la ngud'i dieu khien trd chai danh gia hanh dgng ciia tre, giao nhiem vy cho tre tiep tue luyen tap sinh boat hang de Cling cd hanh vi Ldng ghep vdo cdc hogt ddng hoc cd chii dich: Trong qua trinh to chuc cac boat dgng hge tap eho tre, thong qua nhung mdn bgc, bai hge cu the nhu: Kham pha khoa hge; Ty nhien xa hgi; Lam quen vdi tae pham van bgc giao vien cd the tien hanh tich hgp ngi dung giao dye thdi quen van boa ve sinh eho tre Tuy nhien tien hanh Idng ghep giao vien can chu y dam bao tfnh ty nhien, hgp ly khach quan ciia tri thue mdn hge; dam bao tinh he thdng trgn ven ciia ndi dung boat 127 Nguyin Thi Thanh Huyin vd Dtg Tap chf KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE dgng hge tap; dam bao tfnh vira sue cho tre De Idng ghep ngi dung giao dye hanh vi van boa cho tre thong qua cac boat dgng hge tap cd hieu qua, tien hanh tfch hgp giao vien can nghien cu'u ky ngi dung bai hoc, lya chgn phuong phap, phuong tien day hge phii hgp, til' xac djnh ngi dung giao dye thoi quen hanh vi van hoa eu the can long ghep, thai diem long ghep va yeu cau can dat dugc Td chirc cho tre luyen tap true tiep, thirdng xuyen sinh hogt hdng ngdy: Tre Ilia tuoi mam non co dac diem mau nhd, chdng quen, vi vay moi hanh vi van hoa ve sinh da hinh cho tre can phai dugc luyen tap eiing co mgt each thudng xuyen Cho tre thye hanh thuong xuyen cac thdi diem sinh hoat hang (khi ddn, tra tre, td chdc cho tre an, ngii, choi b g c ) , dd la each luyen tap tot nhat de giup tre bien nhung ky nang da hinh trd ky xao, thdi quen Vi du to chuc cho tre an ed giao hudng dan tre rira tay, lau mieng trudc va sau an; day tre trudc an phai mdi mgi ngud'i, an phai nhai ky, khdng dugc ngam thue an trgng mieng, khong dugc diing tay bdc thiic an, khdng vira an viia ndi chuyen; Trong gid chai cd giao hudng dan tre each choi vdi vat, chai, each giao tiep, giiip dd ban qua trinh cimg chai; khdng dugc tranh gianh choi vdi ban, khdng duge dap, pha lam hdng chai Khi tre thye hien cac hanh dgng eg giao can giam sat, kiem tra, danh gia, dgng vien khen nggi kjp thdi nhung tre lam dung, lam tdt, hudng dan, udn nan, dieu chinh nhiing tre lam chua diing Thdng qua viec luyen tap thudng xuyen, hang ngay, vdi sy giup dd va giam sat chat che eua giao vien, tre se cd dugc nhung ky nang thye hien hanh dgng cd van boa ve sinh, d4n dSn nhung ky nang dd se trd thdi quen, nhu eau ben eua tre Phdi hgp vdi gia dinh qud gido due tre trinh Hang tre chi sinh boat d trudng mim non vdi thai gian nhat djnh, cdn lai tre sdng d gia dinh, chju sy giao dye eiia gia dinh Vi the, neu cd sy ket hgp chat che giua gia dinh 12J 87(11): 125-129 va nha trudng de thong nhat ve ngi dung, phuong phap, hinh thirc to chirc giao due tac dgng den tre mgt each dong bg, se tao dieu kien thuan Igi cho sy phat trien, hinh hanh vi van hoa ve sinh cho tre Ho Chu Tjch da day "Giao dye d nha trudng chi la mgt phan, cdn can cd sy giao due d gia dinh, ngoai xa hgi Giao due nha trudng dii cd tdt den may nhung neu thieu giao dye d gia dinh va ngoai xa hgi thi ket qua cung khdng hoan toan " [3] De phdi hgp vdi gia dinh viec giao due thdi quen van hoa ve sinh cho tre, giao vien can tien hanh trao doi thudng xuyen vdi phu huynh tre thong qua gid ddn va tra tre hang ngay, qua nam bat nhung dac diem, hanh vi cua tre d gia dinh Dong thdi thdng bao cho gia dinh biet tinh hinh, nhung bieu hien ciia tre d lop, nhting ngi dung, yeu cau giao due cua cd ddi vdi tre Tir cd each thuc tac ddng, phdi hgp giua gia dinh va nha trudng viec giao due, ren luyen hanh vi van hoa cho tre Thdi quen van hoa ve sinh cung chinh la the hien trinh van hoa ciia ngud'i, cd thdi quen van hoa ve sinh mdi ca nhan se ty bao ve, nang cao sue khde cho ban than, cd ldi sdng van minh, ljch sy Chinh vi vay, can thiet phai giao due cho tre nhtrng thdi quen van hoa tir cdn nhd Hoat ddng mudn dat hieu qua cao, cdng tac giao dye, giao vien mam non can phai cd trinh chuyen mon, nang lyc su pham tdt, phai n^m viing ngi dung chuong trinh giao due, bilt each lya chgn phuong phap, hinh thirc td chirc giao due, linh boat va sang tao td chiire cac boat dgng cham sdc giao dye tre Biet each tao cho tre sy thu, tich cyc tham gia vao cac boat dgng ^k lam dugc dilu ngudi giao vien phai cd long yeu tre, vung dac diem eua tre, cd sy kien tri, nhin lai ren luyen cho tre Ludn guang mau trudc tre viec thye hien cac hanh vi van hoa, ve sinh Thudng xuyen trao ddi kit hgp chat che vdi phy huynh qua trinh giao dye tre Lam tot dugc dieu se la bien phap hiru hieu gdp phan nang cao chk lugng giao due mam non j Nguyin Thi Thanh Huyin vd Dtg Tap chf KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 87( 11): 125 - 129 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] A.P.Traboxkaia (1971), NhUng ca sa ly ludn ve' vi sinh tre em, Nxb Giao due [2] Bo Giao due va Dao tao (2010), Hudng din thuc hien Chuang frinh cham sdc giao tre mlu giao [3] Dao Thanh Am (chii bien) (2002), Giao due hoc mim non tap 1, tap 2, tap Nha xuit ban Dai hoc Su pham, Ha Ndi [^j Le Thi Thanh Hue (2008), "Thuc trang giao '^^'^ * ° ' S"^" ^^" ^oa ve sinh cho tre mau giao be ^ ^ ^ '^^'^ "'^" Q"^"g ^'"""S " ^ P Thai Nguyen', ^^°^ ' " ? " ^°^ "g^iep f^^ " ° ^ " g ^^i Phuang (2005), Giao trinh ve sinh ^^ s"^' ^'^^ O^' ^gc Su pham Ha Ngi [6] Giaoduemamnon.edu.vn SUMMARY EDUCATION OF CULTURAL SANITATION HABITS FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN A MEASURE RAISING THE QUALITY OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen*, Nguyen Thi Thanh College of Education - TNU Educating hygiene habits is one of the tasks of educating a person in a comprehensive way Preschool children need to be educated the hygiene habits such as habits of personal hygiene; eating; activities; communication in a polite way The process of forming habits in children undergoes the following phases: understand how to do, form a skill; form techniques To educate hygiene habits for kindergarteners, we can use the following approaches: emotional education for polite behavior, organize behavior training, educate awareness of the act The process of Educating hygiene habits for children is done through the organization of sanitary education class, the recreational activities; integrating the intended learning activities, practicing directly in daily activities, coordinating with the family in the process of education Keywords: education, habits, culture of hygiene, preschool children, education quality Tel: 0983 856727 129 ... dugc), de ren luyen cho tre cac thdi quen van hoa ve sinh thong qua eac bude td chuc trd chai nhu; Chuan bj cha tre choi: Cho tre lam quen vdi ddi sdng xung quanh (qua dao choi tham quan, trd... luyen hanh vi van hoa cho tre Thdi quen van hoa ve sinh cung chinh la the hien trinh van hoa ciia ngud''i, cd thdi quen van hoa ve sinh mdi ca nhan se ty bao ve, nang cao sue khde cho ban than, cd... hanh dgng Cuoi ciing cao hon ky xao, hanh dgng da ty dgng boa se tra thoi quen [4] 126 87(11): 125- 129 4.Giao dye thoi quen van hoa ve sinh cho tre mau giao, giao vien mam non co the sOr dung