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uu Khoa hpc Giao due N H U N G T H A N H T U U N G H I E N CUfU K H O A H O C G I A O D U C V I E T N A M • • • • T R O N G THCR K l D O I M 6 l Trong 25 nam qua, khoa hoc giao due (KHGD) Viet Nam duo[.]
:uu- -Khoa hpc Giao due N H U N G T H A N H T U U N G H I E N CUfU K H O A H O C G I A O D U C V I E T N A M • • • • T R O N G THCR K l D O I M l VIEM KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VlfT NAM T tram luan van thac si, hang chuc luan an tien si tam If hpc da dupe bao ve cong Viet Nam duoc dinh hudng theo nhdng t u Cac de tai nghien cdu da dem lai nhieu ke't tudng doi mdi cua Dai hpi Dang cpng san Viet qua cd y nghia If luan va thpc tien, Nam lan thd VI, cac nghj quye't cua Hpi nghj TW tpu noi bat la viec xac dinh gia toe phat lan thd khoa VII, dac biet la nghj quye't cua Hpi trien cua tre em Viet Nam; gia toe sinh hpc, gia nghj TW khoa VIII Cac cdng trinh nghien cdu toe tam If va gia toe xa hpi bang each dac tap trung theo hudng: nghien cdu cd ban; cac chi so co ban ve sinh If va tam If cua tre mam nghien cdu dng dung - trien khai; va nghien cdu gdp phan giai quyet nhiem vu cap bach, non va hpc sinh t d tieu hpc den trung hpc nhiem vu chinh tri cua nganh.Thong qua nhufng thdng vdi quy trinh, kT thuat, cong cu dam bao nghien cdu giao due d tam vT mo, KHGD ddng tfnh khoa hoc va dp tin cay Cd the ndi, chua vai trd tham muu cho cac nha quan If xa hpi, bao gid lai cd nhdng nghien cdu cd ban, cd he cac nha hoach djnh chfnh sach viec Ipa thong ve dac diem tam sinh If tre em hpc sinh chpn, quye't djnh nhdng dudng loi, chie'n lupc, (HS) Viet Nam nhu vay vdi phuong phap kha chfnh sach, chu truong, giai phap Idn ve GD hien dai, cap nhat nhdng If luan mdi nha't Bang nhdng nghien cdu d tam vi mo, KHGD cd ITnh vpc tam If hpc Cac ke't qua nghien cdu cho phep cd mpt so vai trd cung cap cac luan cuf khoa hpc giup giao vien (GV) va can bp quan If giao due (QLGD) dng ke't luan sau ve gia toe phat trien sinh If d tre dung trien khai cd ke't qua nhufng doi mdi quan em HS Viet Nam hien so vdi thap ki 90 cua the ki trudc, nhu: sp tang trudng ve can nang, If va qua trinh day hpc cac nha trudng chieu cao, tinh trang sdc khoe va dinh dtfdng cua tre em Viet Nam t d mam non den HS Nhimg tuu nghien curu co* ban thong deu cd sp tien bp ro ret; co stf phat trien Trong thdi gian qua, cac cong trinh nghien cdu da chu trpng den cac van de If luan, hai hda, can doi, thoat khoi tinh trang coi epe, phuong phap luan then chot cua KHGD Cac nhung chua on dinh; dong thdi da xuat hien chuyen nganh KHGD da tiep can dtfpc vdi tri hien tupng beo phi, thda can, v.v Oieu dang thdc KHGD the gidi, cd nhdng ddng gop mdi lo ngai la sp gia tang mpt so benh hpc dtfdng cho sp phat trien KHGD Viet Nam, gdp phan HS Ke't qua nghien cdu cho thay, ti dap dng yeu cau thpc tien cua sp nghiep doi le HS cd thj Ipc kem hien rat cao (45%), dac mdi giao due, phuc vu cong nghiep hda, hien biet d HS Ti le HS bj cong, cot dai hda (CNH, HDH) dat nude va hpi nhap quoc song cung kha cao (17,23%) Viec nghien cdu xac djnh gia toe phat trien te 7.7 Cdc kit qud nghiin cuu tdm / i hgc vd tam li cua HS Viet Nam chu ye'u tap trung vao sp phat trien trf tue qua viec dac cac chi so sinh lihgclufa tuoi Cac nghien cdu tam If hpc va sinh If hpc Ida IQ (Intelligence Quotient), EQ (Emotion Quotuoi thdi gian qua tap trung vao ngUdi tient), CQ (Creative Quotient) va trf nhd cung hpc, nhdng dac diem tam sinh If, sp phat trien mpt so chi so nhan each cua hpc sinh nhu hinh thai cua Ida tuoi mam non, hpc sinh hdng thu hpc tap, xu hudng nghe nghiep, djnh thong lam co sd cho viec doi mdi npi dung, hudng gia tri, kT nang thfch dng xa hpi Cac chi phUdng phap giao due - day hpc theo hudng so nhan each cdn cho tha'y gia toe xa hpi d HS nghien cdu djnh lupng Di theo hudng cd Viet Nam nhieu de tai nghien cdu cap Nha nude, cap Bp, Ke't qua nghien cdu cac chi so trf tue IQ, CQ, cap cd sd da dupe danh gia nghiem thu, hang EQ qua viec trpc tiep tren 12.000 HS t d Idp rong 25 nam qua, khoa hoc giao due (KHGD) KHGD so 66, thang - 2011 13 i\noa noc uiao uuc cte'n Idp 12 bang cac bp test cua mpt so tac gia co uy tfn tren the gidi hien co the cho phep rut mpt so nhan xet ve phat trien trf tue cua HS thong nha sau: -Trong chi so trf tue IQ, EQ, CQ thi chi so IQ khong thua kem HS cac nQdc tren the gidi, chi so IQtrung binh cua HS Viet Nam dat mdctrung binh chuan cua the gidi; chi so trf tue sang tao CQ d HS Viet Nam la tha'p nha't, dac biet so vdi tre em d cac node chau Au va My Sp phat trien trf tue cua HS thong chiu anh hudng cua mpt loat cac ye'u to ben va ben ngoai, va la san pham cua qua trinh taong tac lien tuc gida dda tre vdi mdi trUdng song xung quanh Trong so nhdng ye'u to cd anh hudng thi moi trUdng GD cua nha trudng va gia dinh cd vai trd quan trpng nha't, tao sp khac biet Idn nha't ve sp phat trien trf tue cua HS thdng - Su phat trien the chat cua thie'u nien Viet Nam cdn d mdc dp thap, thua kem thie'u nien cua mpt so nude chau A khac nhu Nhat Ban,Trung Qudc, Han Qu6c,v.v Khong chi thap ve chieu cao, nien Viet Nam cdn ye'u ca ve sdc manh co bap, dp deo dai va sdc ben Bang phuong phap dieu tra xa hpi hpc va trac nghiem tam If - xa hpi tren hpc sinh trung hpc CO sd (THCS) va trung hpc thdng (THPT) chung ta rut mpt so nhan xet khai quat ve mpt so dac diem nhan each cua HS thong Viet Nam hien Da so HS cd hdng thu hpc tap, nhung chUa ben vdng va chu ye'u van ddng lai d hdng thu hpc tap gian tiep CJ HS chua hinh khuynh hudng nghe nghiep rd ret, mpt so nghe hien xa hpi dang cd nhu cau cao ve nhan Ipc de phuc vu trpc tiep cho CNH, HDH da't nude lai chUa dUpc hpc sinh hudng tdi Ve gia trj va ctjnh hudng gia tri, nhin chung HS djnh hudng va danh gia cao cac gia trj dao ddc truyen thong cua dan tpc, cac gia trj cd y nghTa tinh than Cac gia trj phuong tien va gia trj muc dfch deu ddpc dai da so HS nhan thdc va danh gia tfch cue.Tuy nhien, cd mpt so gia trj rat quan trpng giai doan hien nhung chUa dupe HS nhan thdc va danh gia dung y nghTa cua nd Cac ke't qua nghien cdu sp phat trien tam If cua Ida tuoi mau giao ve nhan thdc, ngdn nguf, quan he tinh cam - xa hpi cho tha'y, tre d mpi dp tuoi deu phat trien binh thudng theo dung 14 — Ng quy luat Rieng d dp tuoi mau giao ldn (61-72 thang tuoi) cd sp phat trien manh ve ngon ngQ dp tuoi cac kT nang xa hpi da ddpc hinh thanh, giup tre tao dpng tot cac moi quan he nhdm, dupe nhdm va nhdng ngddi khac chap nhan Viec nghien cdu dac diem phat trien tam If cua tre mam non theo phuong phap nghien cdu dpc da cho thay dupe bdc tranh toan canh ve sp phat trien nay, dac biet gia toe phat trien tdng mat theo dp tuoi Day la co sd quan trpng de thie't ke chuong trinh cham sdc - giao due tre cho phu hpp 7.2 Cdc ket qud nghien cuu ca bdn ve gido duehgc Cac cdng trinh nghien cdu co ban ve giao due hpc (GDH) nhQng nam qua da gdp phan phat trien he thong tri thdc GDH Viet Nam Cac de tai da tap trung vao viec phat trien cac chuyen nganh cua GDH Phan If luan chung cua GDH hudng vao cac van de phuong phap luan va If luan co ban nhQ: nghien cQu nhan each ngQdi Viet Nam; van hda Viet Nam va moi quan he giQa van hda va GD; triet hpc GD Viet Nam va tQ tQdng Ho Chf Minh ve GD; tiep thu nhQng tpu KHGD the giOi va van dung vao GD Viet Nam NhOng nghien cCfu triet hoc giao due Viet Nam, triet ligido due Viet Nam vd td tddng gido due Hd Chi Minh da gdp phan quan trpng lam sang td ca'u true to tQdng triet hpc GD cua NgQdi Da co nhieu cong trinh dang tai tren cac tap chf hudng den khang djnh va lam ro hon triet If phat trien GD viet Nam, mpt triet If GD vi dan, cua dan, dan va mpi ngQdi dan dQpc hpc lien tuc, hpc suot ddi mpt xa hpi hpc tap Mpt triet If cua nen GD md, dan tpc, tien tien, hien dai va hpi nhap quoc te Viec nghien cQu dac diem nhan each ngQdi Viet Nam theo phuong phap xa hpi hpc, tien hanh tren quy md lOn va thdng qua phan tfch yeu cau phat trien kinh te - xa hpi Viet Nam giai doan tOi 2020, da cho phep hinh dung mpt bQc tranh chung ve nhan each ngudi Viet Nam thdi ki doi mdi rat can thie't cho viec dQa nhQng giai phap GD dung dan, cho viec xac dinh muc tieu GD the he tre dap Qng yeu cau CNH, HDH da't nUdc, boi canh toan cau hda, budc dau de xuat mo hinh ngudi Viet Nam hien dai KHGD so 66, thang - 2011 nien : uu Ve liludn day hgc, cac nghien cQu lam ro hon noi dung hpc van thdng va quan diem tich hpp npi dung thdi dai khoa hpc, cdng nghe phat trien nhu vu bao, tU dUa nhdng djnh hudng va nguyen tac Ipa chpn npi dung day hpc va to chdc tich hpp npi dung GD giao due mam noh (GDMN) va giao due thong (GDPT); bo sung li luan ve phuong phap day hpc (PPDH): lam rd hon ban chat va dac trUng cua cac PPDH hien dai (day hpc phat hien va giai quyet van de, day hpc kie'n tao, day hpc tUOng tac, day hpc phan hda, day hpc theo dpan );Qng dung cong nghe thong tin day hpc; co sd phan loai PPDH; Ipa chpn va phoi hpp cac PPDH, ban chat va phuong hudng doi mdi PPDH Cac cong trinh nghien cdu cung da lam sang td nhQng van de phan hda day hpc nay; nhQng van de li luan ve day hpc chpn; di sau nghien cQu tinh quy luat cua qua trinh day hpc va giao due, xet ba cap dp: nhQng quy luat chung nha't, nhQng quy luat chung va nhQng quy luat dac thu Mpt nhQng van de co ban cua nghien cQu phat trien li luan day hpc la nghien cQu //' lugn vephdt trien chddng trinh gido due (CTGD) NhQng nam gan day da cd mpt so de tai tap trung nghien cQu li luan phat trien CTGD thdng, nhQ quan niem ve CTGD (curriculum), ve chuan; cac nguyen tac xay dpng CTGD; quy trinh va kT thuat xay dpng CTGD Cung vdi viec nghien cQu li luan phat trien chQOng trinh, cdn cd nhieu de tai khac nghien cQu li luan ve sach giao khoa, ve danh gia ke't qua hpc tap phuc vu cho viec thuc hien chuang trinh va sach giao khoa mdi Co the ndi, lan dau tien chung ta djnh hinh dupe li luan ve phat trien CTGD TrUdc het, khai niem chuang trinh da dupe nhan thQc mpt each day du hon, rpng rai hon so vdi each hieu traOc day Chuong trinh duoc hieu la mpt ke hoach su pham, bao gom muc tieu can dat (muc tieu chung, muc tieu cap hpc, muc tieu mon hpc); quy dinh chuan kie'n thQc, kT nang; pham vi, cau true npi dung giao due theo mdn hpc; phuong phap va hinh thQc to chQc hoat dpng giao due va each thQc danh gia ket qua giao due doi vdi cac mdn hpc, cap hpc; npi dung va hinh thQc danh gia chat iQpng giao due Cac ye'u td tren day ddng thdi hinh nen ca'u tao khung cua choang trinh Choang trinh cd nhieu loai hinh: Chuong trinh KHGD so 66, thang - 2011 -Khoa hoc Giao due xay dpng theo cac trinh dp hoae chuang trinh xay dpng theo cap, Idp hpc; chuong trinh xay dpng theo chu de, linh vpc (chuang trinh tich hop) Chung ta da cd cac cong trinh nghien cQu ve phat trien choang trinh tiep can theo nang Ipc, ve xay dpng chuan dau ra, ve to chOc quy trinh dao tao theo he thong tin chi dai hpc Cung vdi viec lam sang td cac khai niem cd lien quan tdi choang trinh la viec nghien cQu quy trinh xay dQng CTGD, he tieu chi va each thOc danh gia chQOng trinh Cd the ndi, cho den node ta da xac djnh dope mpt quy trinh xay dpng CTGD hop li, mpt he tieu chi danh gia kha day du Ve //' lugn gido due, mpt so van de dope lam phong phu them Cac nha nghien cdu da quan tam nhieu tOi van de giao due gia trj, qua da xac djnh dQOc he thong gia trj dao dQc dieu kien doi mdi Ngoai nhQng gia trj truyen thong nhQyeu node, nhan ai, doan ke't,can kiem, hieu hpc, gan bd vdi gia dinh, que hoang da hinh nhQng gia tri mdi nhQ hda binh, dpc lap, do, dan chu, nang dpng, sang tao, kha nang thich Ong, nhay cam vdi cai mOi, giQ chQ tin, lam giau, phat trien ben vQng Viec nghien cQu ve gia tri da dat nen mdng cho bp mon gia trj hpc va giao due gia trj Mpt dieu dang lQu y la viec nghien cQu nhan each, ben canh Qu diem, da xac djnh dope nhQng nhQpc diem, han che cua ngOOi Viet Nam de cd the nhin nhan ngodi Viet Nam mpt each toan dien va de xua't nhQng giai phap giao due thich hop Mpt so linh vpc nghien cQu nho kinh te hpc giao due, xa hpi hpc giao due - trodc chQa de cap tdi, den da dat dope nhQng ke't qua ban dau: xac djnh nhQng quan niem, phoang phap luan, cac phoong phap nghien cQu, ITnh vpc nghien cQu co ban Da cd mpt so cdng trinh nghien cQu ve dau to va chia se chi phi giao due Mpt thach thQc dat vdi giao due la nhQng doi mdi cua nha troOng Viet Nam boi canh chuyen doi nen kinh te tap trung bao cap sang nen kinh te thj troOng djnh hodng xa hpi chu nghTa (KTTTDHXHCN) Da cd nhieu cdng trinh nghien cQu chi nhQng yeu cau doi vdi giao due va dao tao, ve he thong giao due cdng, giao due ngoai cdng lap, phat trien giao due nen KTTTDHXHCN va hpi nhap quoc 15 Khoa hoc uiao due te, ve doi mdi dao tao nhan ldc qua trinh chuyen dich cd cau kinh te va co cau lao dong xa hoi; dao tao nhan liic dap dng nhu cau phat trien kinh te - xa hpi qua trinh hpi nhap quoc te, gia nhap WTO Nhieu de tai ve xa hpi hda giao due da ddpc thpc hien vda cho mpt each nhin toan dien va dung dan ve xa hpi hda giao due, vda tao co sd cho viec xay dpng cac quy che can thie't cua loai hinh trddng ngoai cong lap hoae tra ldi nhQng cau hoi cd y nghia dac biet nhQ: hieu the nao la phi lpi nhuan; chu sdhQu la ai? Gido due so sdnh la mpt chuyen nganh cua GDH Trong nhQng nam qua, cac cdng trinh nghien cQu cua chuyen nganh hQdng vao cac van de phQOng phap luan cua giao due so sanh: ban chat, doi tQOng, nhiem vu, quy trinh, phQOng phap, v.v Da cd nhieu cong trinh nghien cQu so sanh ve xu the phat trien CTGD cac cap hpc va trinh dp dao tao, so sanh ve he thong giao due quoc dan, mo hinh va phQOng phap giao due cua cac nQdc, danh gia giao due Cac ke't qua nghien cQu la mpt nhQng can cQquan trpng de djnh hQdng phat trien giao due Viet Nam Khoa hoc qudn li gido due (QLGD) la mpt chuyen nganh cua KHGD mdi dQpc nghien cQu nQOc ta vdng hon 20 nam lai day Thdi gian dau tap trung vao nhQng van de phQOng phap luan cua khoa hpc nhQ xac djnh doi topng, nhiem vu, phQOng phap nghien cQu, cau true npi dung cua khoa hpc QLGD BQdc vao the ki 21, trQdc yeu cau doi mdi giao due theo tinh than cac Nghj quyet cua Dang va Nha nQdc, chung ta da di vao nghien cQu li luan nhQng van de bQc xuc cua cong tac QLGD dViet Nam: nhQng li thuyet hien dai ve QLGD; li thuyet ve quan If nha nQdc ve GD va quan li cac co sd GD; li luan ve QLGD Viet Nam nen KTTTDHXHCN va hpi nhap quoc te; cac giai phap QLGD nham phat trien nguon nhan Ipc dap Qng yeu cau cua CNH, HDH; quan If giao due hQdng tOi nen GD thpc sp cua dan, dan, vi dan, va xay dpng mpt xa hpi hpc tap Cac cdng trinh nghien cQu da lam sang td nhieu van de li luan co ban nhQ: quan niem ve doi mdi QLGD OViet Nam; cac ye'u to hinh mo hinh QLGD d nQdc ta; phan cap QLGD va quan li phat trien nguon nhan Ipc chat iQpng cao dap Qng yeu cau cua sp nghiep CNH, HDH, 16 Ng en IUU trade het la hoan thien co ca'u khung cua he thong giao due quoc dan va co cau dao tao tren cac mat: co cau trinh dp; co ca'u nganh nghe; co ca'u vung mien, v.v U ludn ve Chien Idpc phdt trien gido due la mpt npi dung quan trpng cua khoa hpc QLGD TQ nhQng nam 90 cua the ki trQdc, cac Vien nghien cQu qudc gia da trien khai nhieu hoat dpng nghien cQu ve chien lapc va chinh sach giao due thdng qua cac de tai khoa hpc cac cap, cac chuyen cTe va luan van cao hpc, luan an tien sT NhQng ke't qua da gop phan dat nen mong hinh he thong ii luan co ban ve khoa hpc chie'n lapc giao due, dac biet la ve quy trinh, phuong phap, ki thuat xay dpng chien lapc va quy hoach phat trien giao due va quy trinh danh gia viec thpc hien chien lupc, tao co sd cho viec xay dpng Chien lupc phat trien giao due 2001 - 2010, Chien lupc phat trien giao due 2011 - 2020 va hoach dinh phat trien tQng ITnh vpc cua giao due, quy hoach phat trien giao due cua cac dja phuong, hoae lap ke hoach chie'n lupc phat trien co sd dao tao Nhieu cong trinh nghien cQu da dong gop quan trpng viec hoach djnh chinh sach phat trien giao due cho cac vung mien, cac cap hpc va trinh dp dao tao khac Cac tpu nghien cdu img dung trien khai Cac de tai nghien cQu Qng dung - trien khai dap Qng yeu cau cua thpc tien giao due nhQng nam qua chiem ti trpng kha Idn tong so de tai nghien cQu Cac de tai tap trung vao cac van de: quan li nha nQdc ve giao due va quan If nha tradng; thie't ke, dieu chinh chuong trinh, npi dung giao due cho cac loai hinh trQOng va cac doi tuong giao due khac thupc cac cap hpc, trinh dp dao tao khac (giao due mam non, thong, giao due thudng xuyen, giao due tre khuyet tat, giao due nghe nghiep va dai hoc ); doi mdi phuong phap, hinh thQc to chQc giao due va phuong tien day hpc Ke't qua nghien cQu cua cac de tai gdp phan doi mdi giao due theo tinh than cua Nghi quyet TW (khoa VIII), Nghi quye't Dai hpi Dang lan thQ IX va Nghj quyet 40/2000/QH10 cua Quoc hpi NhQng tpu chu ye'u dupe trinh bay dQdi day KHGD so 66, thang - 2011 lien tru — —• Khoa hoc Giao due chuan kie'n thdc va ki nang; nghien cdu thpc 2.7 Doi vdi giao due mdm non: NhQng nghien cau cua Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet hien phan hda day hpc; nghien cdu cac giai Nam va mpt sd tradng dai hpc da ddng gdp phap doi mdi phuong phap day hpc Vao nhQng nam cua 90 the ki trudc, cung phan co ban viec xay dpng chUdng trinh GDMN va bien soan cac tai lieu hudng dan thpc vOi viec nghien cQu doi mdi phQOng phap day hien chuong trinh; xay dpng cac bp tai lieu, hpc hpc cd hang loat cac cdng trinh nghien cQu lieu phuc vu cho cd giao va tre thpc hien cac ve doi mdi danh gia ke't qua hpc tap Cac ke't hoat dpng giao due theo hudng tfch hpp chu qua nghien cQu da de lai mpt dau an ro net de; xay dpng he thong tieu chi de kiem dinh thpc tien danh gia ket qua hpc tap d nha chat lupng cac truOng mam non Nghien cdu trudng thdng 2.3 Doi vdi gido due nghe nghiep vd dgi hgc: GDMN vung khd khan, chuan bi tie'ng Viet cho Cac de tai nghien cQu tap trung vao hai nhom tre mam non vung dan tpc thieu so Bp chuong trinh GDMN da dUpc Hpi dong van de: cac van de vi mo cua he thong giao due Quoc gia tham dinh thdng qua va sau trien nghe nghiep va dai hpc, va cac van de vi md d khai thi diem, hoan thien da dupe Bp Giao due cap co sd dao tao NhQng nghien cQu cac van de vi mo - he va Dao tao chinh thdc ban hanh de trien khai thong giao due nghe nghiep va dai hpc chu yeu dai tra Cd the ndi, viec hoan bp chuang trinh phuc vu cdng tac quan li nha nQdc cac cap nhQ: va sach hudng dan GV thpc hien chuong trinh quan li nha nQdc doi vdi giao due nghe nghiep GDMN la cdng lOn, thpc sp gdp phan va dai hpc; xay dpng chie'n iQpc, quy hoach; ca thpc hien Quye't dinh 161/2002ATTg cua Thu cau mang ludi loai hinh giao due nghe nghiep tudng Chinh phu ve phat trien GDMN va Nghi va dai hpc; mo hinh cac loai hinh ca sd giao due quye't 40/2000/QH cua Quoc hpi ve doi mdi dai hoc va nghe nghiep (trung tam day nghe chuong trinh giao due, thpc hien muc tieu phat cap huyen, thi; trQOng cao dang cpng dong; trien GDMN chie'n lupc phat trien giao cac loai hinh trQOng ban cong, dan lap va tQ thuc, v.v ); co che, chinh sach phuc vu doi mOi due 2001-2010 2.2 Doi vdi gido due thdng: Trong cong tac quan li giao due nghe nghiep va dai nhdng nam qua, dac biet la nhdng nam dau hoc: nghien cQu kiem dinh nha trQdng va kiem cua the ki 21, dudi sp chi dao cua Bp Giao due dinh chQOng trinh dao tao; quan li chat lupng va Dao tao, Vien Khoa hpc Giao due Viet Nam la dao tao; moi quan he giQa dao tao va sQ dung co quan dau moi phoi hop vdi cac co quan trpc nhan Ipc nen kinh te thi trQdng Ke't thupc Bp nghien cdu hoan thien, tham dinh, qua nghien cQu cua cac de tai da giup cho Bp ban hanh va trien khai thpc te chuong Giao due va Dao tao ban hanh mpt so van ban trinh va sach giao khoa tdtieu hpc den trung phap quy va quye't dinh quan li cua nganh NhQng nghien cQu cac van de vi md chu ye'u hpc thong: xac dinh npi dung, hinh thdc cua van ban chuang trinh cap hpc, sach giao phuc vu viec doi mdi qua trinh dao tao d cac co khoa, sach giao vien; quy trinh hoan thien, sd giao due nghe nghiep va dai hpc: doi mdi tham djnh chuang trinh, sach giao khoa de Bp cdng tac quan li cua ngQdi hieu trQdng; doi Giao due va Dao tao phe duyet, ban hanh; xac mdi phQOng thQc dao tao va phat trien chQOng djnh npi dung, phuang phap va hinh thdc to trinh dao tao giao due nghe nghiep; Qng chdc tap huan giao vien day hpc theo chuang dung cdng nghe thong tin day hpc Ke't trinh, sach giao khoa mdi; nghien cdu phuang qua nghien cQu ve doi mdi chuong trinh dao an van dung linh hoat chuong trinh, sach giao tao va phuang phap day hpc da dupe cac co khoa mOi cho phu hop vOi cac doi tuong hpc sd giao due chuyen nghiep va day nghe tiep sinh, cac vung mien khac nhau; nghien cdu nhan, van dung nham nang cao chat Idpng danh gia chat lupng, hieu qua trien khai dai dao tao Oca sd tra ca nude chuang trinh, sach giao khoa 2.4 Doi vdi gido due khdng chinh quy: Tiep mdi; soat, ke't noi, dieu chinh, hoan thien theo viec nghien cQu cong mo hinh trung chuong trinh cac cap hpc chuang trinh tam hoc tap cong dong, nhQng nam qua giao due thdng thdng nha't vdi he thong cac de tai tap trung vao nghien cQu cac giai KHGD so 66, thang - 2011 17 rvnoa noc vaiau uuc Ngihien cuu phap tri, cung co va nang cao chat lupng khuyet tat Van de da dQOc nghien cdu tQ cua mo hinh giao due mOi va cac van de nhQng nam 90 cua the ki trQOc, nam trd lai doi mdi phUOng phap day hpc nguOi Idn; xac day, mpt mat tiep tuc phat trien li luan giao dpc dinh npi dung va phuong thdc boi dudng dpi hda nhap (hoan thien muc tieu giao due hda ngu can bp tham gia giao due khong chfnh quy nhap, xay dung muc tieu va ke hoach giao due; d cpng dong; cac giai phap phat trien giao due thpc hien ke hoach giao due; danh gia hieu khong chinh quy va cap THCS cho qua giao due), mat khac xay dpng mo hinh thie'u nien khong cd dieu kien den trudng giao due hda nhap cap huyen va to chQc trien thong Td viec lam ro co sd tam li hpc va giao khai vao thpc tien Mo hinh giao due hoa nhap due hpc cua viec day hpc ngudi Idn, nhom cap huyen dupe xay dpng, tQ cdng tac to chQc nghien cdu da dua cac dinh hudng va bien cac bQdc trien khai giao due hda nhap phap cu the doi mOi phuong phap day hpc la he thong cac trQdng mam non va tieu hpc, khai thac toi da von kinh nghiem cua ngUdi hpc den quy trinh dao tao dpi ngu giao vien, phat va tang cudng hoat dpng hpp tac, trao doi, chia trien nguon Ipc, to chQc cac Ipc iQpng cua cpng se gida cac hpc vien Cac co sd ndi tren dupe dong tham gia giao due, giam sat va danh gia xem la nen tang quan trpng cho viec bien soan hieu qua giao due Theo xu hQdng giao due giao trinh hoae chuyen khao "Giao due hpc hoa nhap, cac de tai nghien cQu ve to chQc day hoc (muc tieu, npi dung, phQOng phap, danh ngUdi ldn" De nang cao chat luong giao due khdng gia) cho tre co khuyet tat khac nhQ khiem chfnh quy cpng dong, viec boi dudng cho thinh, khiem thi, kho khan ve hpc da dap Qng dpi ngu can bp tham gia la mpt giai phap quan nhu cau thpc tien cua dia phQOng Dac biet, cac trpng Da cd de xua't chuong trinh boi dudng ki nang, cong cu cO ban da dQOc nghien cQu theo ba ITnh vpc kie'n thdc: nhOng van de va dQpc ap dung thpc te giang day ca chung ve giao due khdng chinh quy; cdng tac loai mo hinh giao due hda nhap va giao due quan If trung tam hpc tap cpng dong; phuang chuyen biet, nhQ xay dpng tai lieu ngon ngQ phap giang day ngudi lOn Tren co sO nghien ki hieu cho ngQdi diec; thong nha't he thdng cdu Ii luan va thpc tien da de xuat cac giai phap ki hieu noi cho ngQdi mu Viet Nam; xac djnh phat trien giao due khdng chi'nh quy, dac biet cac nguyen tac co ban viec chuyen doi nhdng vung mien khd khan, nhU: nang cao sach giao khoa thong sang chQ noi cho nhan thdc cua dpi ngu can bp; thpc hien xa hpi hpc sinh mu Cac ket qua nghien cQu da dQpc hda giao due qua viec phdi hop cac ban nganh dja phQOng ca naOc ddn nhan va hoan dia phuang tao nguon Ipc; boi dudng giao nghenh vien va xay dpng chuang trinh, hpc lieu Ben 2.6 Dd'i vdi gido due ddn toe: Cac de tai canh ke't qua nghien cdu neu tren, phai ke den nghien cQu thdi ki doi mdi tap trung vao ke't qua cua viec nghien cdu doi mOi chuong cac van de: nghien cQu dac diem tam sinh li trinh bo tuc THCS va THPT, bien soan tai lieu cua hpc sinh dan tpc - co sd khoa hpc cua viec hUOng dan day hpc d 10 bp mon theo chuong de xua't cac giai phap trien khai choang trinh, trinh Viec lam da gdp phan tich epe day sach giao khoa mOi vao cac vung dan tpc thieu nhanh tien dp cap giao due trung hoc co so; nghien cQu day tie'ng dan tpc va tie'ng Viet sd cho hpc sinh dan tpc, day tie'ng dan tpc cho can Cd the ndi, cac ke't qua nghien cdu da duoc bp dang cong tac tai vung dan tpc; nghien cQu dng dung vao thpc tien giao due khong chinh cac bien phap ki thuat nang cao chat lopng quy, dupe cac dia phuang hoan nghenh giao due tieu hpc vung dan tpc; cdng tac 2.5 Doi vdi gido due tre khuyet tdt: Cac quan li cac loai hinh trQdng, Idp phu hpp vdi cdng trinh nghien cdu nhdng nam qua dieu kien kinh te - xa hpi va dieu kien t p nhien tiep tuc tap trung vao van de giao due hda cua mien nui va vung dan tpc thieu so Hoan nhap, mpt xu the dang dupe nhieu nude di thien mo hinh trudng thdng dan tpc npi theo nham dua tre khuyet tat vao hpc tap tru va trUOng thdng dan tpc ban tru Cac nhQng lOp binh thUOng Day la mpt sp doi mOi ke't qua nghien cQu da dupe Qng dung vao cd tmh chie'n iQOc ve phQOng thQc giao due tre thpc tien giao due cac vung dan tpc thieu so 18 KHGD so 66, thang - 2011 -Khoa hoc Giao due tren pham vi toan quoc, dap dng nhu cau hpc tap cua em dong bao dan tpc Cd the neu len mpt so tpu noi bat, nhQ: xay dpng chuong trinh va bien soan sach giao khoa day tie'ng Khmer cho hpc sinh thdng; xay dpng chuong trinh khung day tie'ng dan tpc cho can bp cong tac vung dan tpc thieu sd, tren co sd xay dpng chuong trinh va bien soan tai lieu day tie'ng Khmer, Jrai, H'Mdng, Cham cho can bp; xay dpng va thi diem chuong trinh day hpc song ngd cho cac vung dan tpc it ngUdi Cac chuong trinh va tai lieu da dUpc cac dia phuong tiep nhan va hoan nghenh Ngoai ra, phai ke den cac tai lieu nhu ki thuat day Idp ghep, hudng dan day tie'ng Viet cho hpc sinh dan tpc, bp phieu thpc hanh tieu hpc la nhQng phuong tien gop phan nang cao chat iQpng giao due tieu hpc 2.7 Cdc cong trinh nghien ctfu ve gido vien da tap trung vao nhQng van de If luan va tong ke't thpc tien ve dao tao, boi dQdng giao vien, danh gia thpc trang dpi ngu giao vien, ve dpng Ipc cua nha giao, ve lao dpng cua giao vien; tren co sd thie't ke cac choang trinh boi dQdng thQdng xuyen cho giao vien cac cap hpc; de xua't cac bien phap doi mdi hinh thQc to chQc va phoong phap boi dQdng giao vien, phoong phap dao tao d trQdng sQ pham dap Ong yeu cau cua doi mdi choang trinh giao due thdng Trong nam (5) nam gan day, viec nghien cQu xay dpng chuan nghe nghiep giao vien da giup cho Bp Giao due va Dao tao ban hanh cac van ban ve chuan hda dpi ngu giao vien Chung ta da bode dau trien khai mo hinh dao tao giao vien theo phoong thQc noi tiep, gdp phan da dang hda cac phoong thQc dao tao giao vien Vet Nam 2.8 Cdc cdng trinh nghien ctfu ve corset vdt chat vd phtfctng tien dgy hgc (CSVC - PTDH): Trong nhQng nam qua da cd nhQng dong gop bo sung vao li luan sang tao va sQ dung CSVCPTDH dieu kien thQc hien doi mdi giao due, nhQ: nghien cQu hoan chinh mot bQdc ve phan loai, ve yeu cau chat lupng CSVC - PTDH trudng thdng; nghien cQu xay dpng danh muc thie't bj day hpc; xay dpng md hinh phdng hpc bp mdn; nghien cQu thie't ke mau va nang cao hieu qua sQ dung thie't bj day hpc Viec xac dinh yeu cau chat lupng cua viec sang tao CSVC-PTDH di tQ nhQng yeu cau KHGD so 66, thang - 2011 chung (yeu cau khoa hpc va so pham: yeu cau lao dpng cd khoa hpc; yeu cau kinh te; yeu cau my thuat) den yeu cau doi vdi tQng loai hinh CSVC-PTDH Day la mpt bQdc tien mOi ve il luan sang tao PTDH De phuc vu cho viec trien khai chQOng trinh, sach giao khoa mdi pham vi ca nOOc, phoi hop vOi mpt so dp an va dan vi khac, Vien Khoa hpc Giao due Viet Nam da chu tri xay dpng dope danh muc thie't bi day hpc cho eac trQdng tieu hpc, THCS va THPT tuan theo nguyen tac: phu hpp vOi npi dung choang trinh, sach giao khoa, phoong phap day hpc mdi; dam bao tinh khoa hpc so pham, thie't thpc va kha thi; chu trpng cac thie't bi day hpc thpc hanh, cac thie't bi day hpc giup hpc sinh nghien cQu chiem linh tri thQc; mang tinh toi Ou Nghien cQu xay dpng phong hpc bp mon la mpt giai phap quan trpng nang cao hieu qua sQ dung PTDH vao qua trinh day hpc Trong nhQng nam gan day, mpt so de tai nghien cQu doa md hinh phong bp mon cua mpt so mdn hpc va bode dau trien khai thQ nghiem mpt so troOng thdng Viec thiet ke mau thie't bj day hpc cung dat dope ke't qua dang ke Cac ket qua nghien cQu da dope Ong dung vao thpc tien giao due, dac biet dope cac cdng ty thiet bi giao due hoan nghenh Thanh tUu nghien ciru phuc vu quan If nha nUcVc, gop phan giai quye't nhCrng nhiem vu cap bach, nhiem vu chinh t r j cua nganh Trong nhQng nam qua, ngoai nhQng de tai nghien cQu dope xay dpng theo tQng chu ki ke hoach, vdi tQ each la co quan nghien cQu quoc gia ve khoa hpc giao due, Vien Khoa hpc Giao due Viet Nam cdn tien hanh nhieu cong trinh nghien cQu dap Qng yeu cau cua Bp, gdp phan giai quye't nhQng nhiem vu cap bach, nhiem vu chinh tri cua nganh Nhieu cong trinh nghien cQu da kip thdi cung cap nhQng luan cQ khoa hpc cho viec doi mOi he thong GD va ddng gdp cd y nghia vao viec xay dpng cac van ban quan trpng ve GD, nhQ: Nghj quye't Trung QOng khoa VIII; Nghj djnh 90CP cua Chinh phu, dao tao thac si - mpt bac hpc mdi lan dau tien dQa vao ca ca'u khung he thong giao due quoc dan Nhieu ket qua nghien cQu da dQOc dQa vao van dung thpc tien, nhQ: cac loai hinh, md hinh co sO giao due mdi (cac loai hinh trQdng ban cdng, dan lap va to thuc; 19 Khoa hoc Giao due trung tam day nghe cap quan/huyen, trudng giao due da co gang tiep tuc xay dpng mpt nen cao dang cpng dong, trung tam hpc tap cpng khoa hpc giao due toong doi toan dien, ddng dong, v.v Dpi ngu can bp khoa hpc da chu tri bp va cap nhat, gdp phan dap Ong cac yeu cau va tham gia thpc hien cac nhiem vu cap bach cua so nghiep doi mdi giao due, giai quye't kha cua nganh, nhQ: Xay dpng Bao cao ve tinh hinh kjp thdi nhieu van de da dang cua thpc tien giao due cua Chinh phu trinh Quoc hpi khoa giao due node ta ca ve co sd li luan, ca ve npi X tai ki hpp t h d sau; Bao cao ve viec thpc hien dung va each thOc thpc hien Cac choang trinh Nghi quye't TW sau moi giai doan nha't djnh; nghien cOu da tap trung vao ngQdi hpc, djnh Chien iQpc phat trien GD 2001 - 2010; Bao cao hinh dope cac dac diem tam sinh li cua tre em danh gia tinh hinh thpc hien chien IQpc phat tO mam non den trung hpc thong, giao trien GD 2001 - 2010; Bao cao tinh hinh phat due thQdng xuyen lam co sO cho viec thie't trien giao due va dao tao dong bang song Cdu ke cac choang trinh giao due Cac cong trinh Long, vung Tay Nguyen va vung Tay Bac giai nghien cOu khoa hpc giao due khong chi dam doan 2001 - 2005 va djnh hQdng phat trien den bao co sO khoa hpc cho mpt so quye't sach, chu 2010; Dp thao chie'n iQpc phat trien GD 2011 - trQOng quan trpng cua Bp GD&DT ma dQa 2020 va chuan bj, cung cap cac npi dung ve GD cac giai phap nham trien khai thpc hien cac Nghj quye't cua Dang va Quoc hpi ve doi mdi de dQa vao van kien Dai hpi Dang XI, v.v Vien KHGDVN da chu tri hoae la co quan giao due, giai quyet nhieu nhiem vu chinh trj thQdng trpc, hoae phoi hpp vOi cac co quan cua nganh Ben canh nhOng tpu da dat dope, thuoc Bp nghien cQu xay dpng va trien khai cac de an, nhQ: Doi mdi chQOng trinh giao due nghien cOu KHGD cung nhieu mat ye'u thdng; nghien CQQ xay dpng phQOng an kem Cac ke't qua nghien cOu van chQa theo dieu chinh phan ban trung hpc thong; kjp sp phat trien giao due tren thpc tien va yeu xay dpng phoong an giam tai chQOng trinh va cau cua dat noOc NhieQ van de li luan va thpc npi dQng sach giao khoa tieu hpc vaTHCS; phat tien co ban cua cupc doi mdi giao due trien nguon nhan Ipc ndng thdn Viet Nam; xay nen kinh te thj trQdng djnh hQdng xa hpi chu dpng"Ke hoach hanh dpng giao due tre khuyet nghia chQa dope lam sang td ChQa cd nhieu tat giai doan 2005-2010"; xay dpng choang cong trinh cd gia trj cao, cd tam cd ve li luan va trinh va sach giao khoa tie'ng dan tpc; thi diem thpc tien Cd sp hang hut dpi ngu chuyen gia day tie'ng Nhat trQdng thong Viet dau dan He thong thong tin-thQ vien phuc vu Nam; day tie'ng Viet cho ngodi Viet Nam nQOc nghien cOu cham dope hien dai hda Phoong ngoai; day tin hpc va Ong dung cdng nghe phap nghien cOu cham dope doi mdi Chinh thdng tin nha trQdng; day ngoai ngO sach cho nghien cOu khoa hpc giao due cd he thong giao due quoc dan; xay dpng, dope quan tam hon, song chQa phu hop vOi nang cao chat lopng dpi ngu nha giao va can yeu cau hien nay, v.v Cac co quan quan li va bp quan li giao due giai doan 2005 - 2010 nghien cOu KHGD can phai nhan dien day du Ngoai cac de tai nghien cdu cap Nha node, nhOng ye'u kem de khac phuc, gdp phan thpc cap Bp, cap Vien, cap trQOng, Bp Giao due va hien cdng Nghj quye't Dai hpi Dang lan Dao tao cdn tien hanh cac choang trinh muc thO XI "DdV mdi cdn ban, toan dien nen gido due tieu tap trung giai quye't mpt so van de cap Viet Nam theo hddng chudn hda, hien dgi hda, bach cua Nganh nhQ doi mOi giao due dai hpc, xd hgi hda, ddn chu hda vd hdi nhdp quoc te" doi mdi cong tac quan li giao due cac cap, phat trien giao due mien nui; cap giao due tieu SUMMARY hpc, THCS; giao due thQdng xuyen; phat hien, The article gives an overview on the achieveboi dQdng tai nang hoc sinh, sinh vien; dao tao ments of educational science research of Vienam va boi dQdng dpi ngu giao vien; xay dpng co sd in the new period, which includes basic researches, vat chat - ki thuat troOng hpc research and development, researches serving state Nhin lai nhdng tpu nghien cOu khoa management These achivements have really made hpc giao due nhOng nam doi mdi, cd contribution in the process of dealing with problems the tha'y dpi ngu can bp nghien cdu khoa hpc in the education sector in the past years 20 KHGD so 66, thang - 2011 ... nganh Trong nhQng nam qua, ngoai nhQng de tai nghien cQu dope xay dpng theo tQng chu ki ke hoach, vdi tQ each la co quan nghien cQu quoc gia ve khoa hpc giao due, Vien Khoa hpc Giao due Viet Nam. .. Viet Nam Khoa hoc qudn li gido due (QLGD) la mpt chuyen nganh cua KHGD mdi dQpc nghien cQu nQOc ta vdng hon 20 nam lai day Thdi gian dau tap trung vao nhQng van de phQOng phap luan cua khoa hpc... each ngQdi Viet Nam; van hda Viet Nam va moi quan he giQa van hda va GD; triet hpc GD Viet Nam va tQ tQdng Ho Chf Minh ve GD; tiep thu nhQng tpu KHGD the giOi va van dung vao GD Viet Nam NhOng nghien