Tran Viet Khanh vd cs Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 78(02) 67 71 PHAN TICH KHONG GIAN PHAN VUNG TUYEN SINH CAC TRl/CJNG THPT TINH THAI NGUYEN TREN CO SO TIEP CAN HE THONG THONG TIN DIA LI (GIS) TrSn VI[.]
Tran Viet Khanh vd cs Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 78(02): 67-71 PHAN TICH K H O N G GIAN PHAN VUNG TUYEN SINH CAC TRl/CJNG T H P T TINH THAI NGUYEN TREN CO SO TIEP CAN HE T H O N G T H O N G TIN DIA LI (GIS) TrSn VIgt Khanh'*, Le Minh Hai^ Dgi hoc Thdi Nguyen, Trudng THPT Khanh Hod, Thdi Nguy TOM TAT Trong cau true cua he thong thong tin dia li (GIS), ngoai cac phan nhu: phan cirng, phan mem, ca so dir lieu, yeu to nguoi thi phuong phap tiep can (approaches) hay eac phuong phap phan tich khong gian se quyet dinh hieu qua img dung ciia GIS Phuong phap phan tich khong gian mang tinh vira mang tinh dac thu chuyen nganh vira mang tinh dia li va ca yeu to kinh nghiem Bai bao giai thieu mot so phuong phap phan tich khong gian tren ca sa img dung phan mem Mapinfo nghien ciru phan vung tuyen sinh eho cae truong THPT cua tinh Thai Nguyen, tir khuyen nghi u-ng dung mo hinh nghien euu tuang tir nghien cim dia li va nghien ciru cua cac chuyen nganh khac Til- khoa: Dia ll, thong tin dia li, GIS, phdn tich, phdn tich khong gian, Mapinfo DAT VAN DE Phan tich khong gian {spatial analysis) hay so lieu thong ke khong gian {.spatial statistics) bao gom cac ky thuat nghien cuu cac thuc the khong gian tren co' so su- dung dtr lieu topo, hinh hoc hay dia ly hoc Thuat ngu- phan tich khong gian de cap den mpt loat cac ky thuat, phuong phap tiep can khac va ap dung cac ITnh vuc nhu thien van hgc, vu tru, dac, quy hoach Cum tCi- thucrng dugc su dung voi mot y nghTa gioi ban hon de mo ta cac ky thuat ap dung cho viec phan tich du lieu dia ly, tham chi doi dugc diing de chi mot ky thuat cu the mot nghien cuu cho mot khu vuc lanh tho cu the Cac he GIS hien dai co nhieu phuong phap phan tich hieu qua, co hai huong phan tich quan trgng dac biet la phan tich lien ke va phan tich chong xep Phan tich lien ke la cac phan tich theo chieu ngang cua khong gian dia li co lien quan den sir thay doi ve khoang each, thay doi vi tri cua doi tugng dia li Phan tich lien ke thong thuong la phan tich chi su khac biet so sanh giua cac d6i tugng hoac phan tich viing dem Phan tich li^n ke chii yeu xu- li tren mot lop ban d6 ' Tel:09l2187ll8 Phan tich chong xep la sir dung mot so lop ban de sinh thong tin moi va cac doi tugng moi Trong nhieu truong hgp, doi tugng dia li se dugc tao lai Phan tich chong xep kha ton thai gian va phu thugc vao nhom cac ung dung co tinh chat sau, he thong dugc khai thac sir dung a muc cao bon la dugc sii- dung cho tirng viing cu the Phan tich chong xep la qua trinh tich hgp cac lap thong tin khac Cac thao tac phan tich doi hoi mot hoac nhieu lop du- lieu phai dugc lien ket voi Cac phan tich khong gian la dac trung ca ban cua GIS Tren ca sa hieu cac chuc nang phan tich khong gian co the giiip chung ta dua nhieu huong nghien ciiu su phat trien va phan bo cua cac hien tugng dja li khac Ung dung GIS phan tich su phat trien mang luai cac trtrang THPT tinh Thai Nguyen duai goc tiep can GIS da mang lai hieu qua nhat dinh KET QUA NGHIEN CUU VA THAO LUAN Cong tac tuyen sinh la mot cong viec thuang xuyen ctia cac truang THPT Hien viec phan viing tuyen sinh a Thai Nguyen dugc phan theo cap huyen Doi vai cac huyen (thanh pho, thj xa) co nhieu trtrang THPT thi dja ban tuyen UBND cap huyen quy dinh 67 TrSn Viet Khanh vd cs Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 78(02): 67-71 D6i voi cac truong giap ranh cac hu\-en co the tu\en a dja ban lan can gitra cac huyen Qua khao sat thuc te \ a qu\ trinh tuyen sinh dau vao ciia cac truang THPT tren dai ban tinh Thai Nguyen co the thay rang, cac truang THPT tren dia ban chua co vung tuyen sinh ro rang truong mat cong bang giira so hgc sinh bi loai giOa cac truang Khu vuc Thai Ngu\-en voi 11 truong ngoai truang THPT Chuyen Dan tgc npi tru tinh cac truang co lich si.- phat trien va dugc dau tu tir lau nhu cac truang THPT Luong Nggc Quyen, Gang Thep Chu Van An da CO sire hiit manh chat lugng dau vao cao, truang lai du co dieu kien ca sa vat chat day du song so lugng va chat lugng hgc sinh thap hon nhu truong THPT Ngo Quyen, Duong Tu Minh Khu vuc cac huyen tinh trang cung tirong tu Hgc sinh gan trirong ma khong hgc tai truong ma lai di hgc truang xa hon Do la tinh trang cua cac truong moi lap, dii co dieu kien xay dung moi, song hgc sinh dang ky hgc lai it nen phai nhan lai ho sa cua cac truong khac Cac huyen nhu Dai Tii- Phii Luong hien van tinh trang hgc sinh phai di chuyen den truong vai khoang each toi 15km, nhieu hgc sinh phai a trg - So hgc sinh du tuyen phii hgp voi nang luc tuygn sinh moi lop 10 ciia tirng truang Nguyen nhan chinh ciia tinh trang tren la cac cap quan li thieu mot cong cu hoach dinh viing tuven sinh dan den tuyen sinh tu phat Hau het cac huven khong dua mot phuong an phan viing dii la phuong an dinh tinh Sire hut tuyen sinh ciia cac truang THPT co be dav lich sir phat trien nga\ cang \'Uon xa theo cac true giao thong Su phat trien nhanh cua mang luai giao thong cong cong dac biet la mang luai xe buyt da rut ngan khoang each \a thai gian di chuyen den truong ciia hgc sinh da lam sinh xu huong hgc sinh chap nhan di hgc truong xa Hau qua dan den nhieu truong khong dii chi tieu tuv'en sinh va phai xet tuyen lai nhfrng hgc sinh bj loai cua truong khac, do, nhieu hgc sinh a khu vuc cac hu\-en co xu huong thi tuven sinh tai cac truang a Dieu da pha va khong gian tuyen sinh cua cac truang dan den mat can bang quy mo va chat lugng dau vao giua cac 68 D I tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho nguai hgc va thuan Igi cho cac nha truang co dau vao tuong d6i on dinh chung toi ap dung thtr mo hinh phan viing tuyen sinh voi yeu cau sinh thoa man mot sa dieu kien sau: - Hgc sinh du tuyen theo vimg tuyen gom cac xa phuong cho thuan tien ve giao thong, cu li hgp ly di den truong, khong bj chi cat boi dia hinh - Cac truong THPT a viing giap ranh giira cac huyen tuyen sinh thugc cac dja ban lan can Do dac thii chung ciia cac truang chuyen biet nhu THPT Chuyen, Noi trii tinh tuyen tren pham vi toan tinh va chii truang cac truong ngoai cong lap chii yeu tuyen sinh nguyen vgng ciia cac thi sinh nen viec phan viing se khgng xet toi dien tuyen sinh cua cac truang De dap ung cac dieu kien tren, can xac dinh: - Nang lire tuyen sinh cua cac truang tren co sa chi tieu tuyen cua tung truong xem dap ung bao nhieu % tong chi tieu toan tinh - Cac truong thugc viing giap ranh la nhung truong nao Ung dung phan mem Mapinfo, diing phuong phap phan tich Redistricts de sap xep cac doi tugng hoa tren ban cac viing khac Khi thuc hien chgn nhom cac doi tugng hoa cac viing theo mot tieu chi dir lieu, phan mem se tu dgng tinh toan tong dfr lieu hoac % du- lieu cho cac viing nguoi diing tao Khi them bot doi tugng hga viing thi so lieu tong hoac so lieu % se tha\' doi theo Moi vimg dugc tao se tu dgng CO mau nen de de phan biet Ap dung cu the phan vung tuyen sinh la chgn cac doi tugng vimg (cac xa) tren ban cac viing tuyen sinh cho moi trirang THPT dua tren so hgc sinh lop cua tiing xa viing tuyen Phan mem tu dgng tinh tong va % so hgc sinh lop du tuyen viina tuven sinh DO lieu ciia mdi viing tuven Tran Viet Khanh va ( Tap chi KHOA HOC