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Le Thi Thu Huona Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 79(03) 111 116 MOT SO VAN DE VE THlTC TRANG REN LUYEN NANG LlTC DAY HOC TRONG THI/C TAP SU^ PHAM CUA SINH VIEN CAC T R U ^ 6 T V G DAI HOC SI? PHAM KY THU[.]
Le Thi Thu Huona Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 79(03): 111-116 MOT SO VAN D E VE THlTC TRANG REN LUYEN NANG LlTC DAY HOC TRONG T H I / C TAP SU^ PHAM CUA SINH VIEN CAC T R U ^ T V G DAI HOC SI? PHAM KY T H U A T Vu Xuan H i m g - Tong cue Day nghe TOMTAT Bai viet trinh bay nhirng nghien cuu ve thuc trang ren luyen nang luc day hgc cua sinh vien dai hgc su pham ky thuat thuc tap su pham Nghien cuu da phan tich danh gia lam rd nhirng han che, bat cap muc tieu, ndi dung, quy trinh va danh gia ket qua ren luyen nang luc day hgc, da dan tdi nang luc day hgc cua sinh vien chua cao Cd nhieu nguyen nhan nhu muc tieu ren luyen thieu cu the, thieu tieu chuan nang lire thuc hien; noi dung ren luyen nang luc day hgc don dieu; quy trinh thieu tinh khoa hgc; danh gia ket qua ren luyen nang luc day hgc cdn phien dien Tren co sd dd bai viet da de xuat mdt sd giai phap khac phuc thuc trang tren nhu: Ddi mdi muc tieu ren luyen, ndi dung ren luyen, quy trinh ren luyen va danh gia ket qua ren luyen nang luc day hgc theo tiep can nang lire thuc hien Til' khda: Thuc tap su phgm; ndng luc sit phgm; ndng luc dgy hoc; sit phgm ky thudl; gldo vien dgy nghe; thue trgng ren luyen Thuc lap su pham (TTSP) la edng doan quan trgng qua trinh dao tao nguoi giao vien noi chung va giao vien day nghe (GVDN) noi rieng Tb6ng qua TTSP nhieu nang lire cua sinh vien da dugc hinh va phai trien, nang luc day hgc (NLDH) dugc coi la nang lire quan trgng, tao nen su hoan thien nhan each nguai GVDN Tuy nhien, viec 16 chdc TTSP n6i chung, ren luyen NLDH noi rieng cac truang dai hgc su pham ky thuat (DHSPKT) hien c6n nhieu ban che, dan den NLDH cda sinh vien sau t6t nghiep c6n yeu, lam anh huang lan den chat lugng dao tao ngu6n nhan luc lao dgng ky thuat Dilu doi h6i cac truong DHSPKT phai tim huang giai quyet nhQng ton tai tren de nang cao chat lugng dao tao K H A I Q U A T V E TTSP v A REN LUYEN NLDH CUA SINH VIEN TRONG TTSP TTSP la hoat dgng thuc tien cda sinh vien lai cac CO- so giao due sau phan hgc ly ihuyel nham muc dich cdng c6 va nang cao nhan thdc va long yeu nghe, ap dung cac kien thdc vao Ihuc tien, ren luyen cac nang lire day hgc, giao due TTSP la boat d6ng van dung nhung tri thdc khoa hgc vl chuyen in6n, nghiep vu cda sinh Tel: 098.375.2225: Email: vien vao viec tap luyen giang day va giao due bgc sinh nham hinh NLDH cua nguoi giao vien tuong lai Trong qua trinh tien TTSP, sinh vien tap lam mot each trgn ven cac nhiem vu cda nguai giao vien Irong tlurc te [1 ] TTSP cda sinh vien cac truang DHSPKT co nhQ'ng diem khac biet so voi TTSP tai cac truang sir pham dao tao giao vien ph6 th6ng ve m6i Iruang TTSP (m6i truong Ihuc tap cda sinh vien DHSPKT la cac ca so day nghe); d6i tugng hgc (hgc sinh hgc nghe); dieu kien thuc tap (co- so vat chat, trang thiet bj bao gom ca trang thiet bj, may moc phuc vu cho viec dao tao nghe nghiep) Dieu dan loi viec to chdc TTSP, ren luyen NLDH cda sinh vien DHSPKT cung c6 nhirng khac biet can luu y Td nhQng phan tich tren, chdng l6i quan niem TTSP cda sinh vien DHSPKT la boat dgng thii'c hanh ve nghiep vu SPKT nham hinh lhanh, phat trien cac nang luc thuc hien (NLTH) de t6 chdc tot hoat dpng day hpc ky thuat va giao due, hinh lhanh va phat trien nhan each ngu6i GVDN TTSP la viec t6 chirc ren luyen nhieu nang luc cda GVDN, d6 c6 NLDH NLDH la mpt lhanh phan quan trpng cua nang luc su pham va la mpt nang lire t6ng hpp cda nhieu nang lire Trong mpt s6 truang hpp nguai ta hungvdtnfd'gmall.com 111 'I 79(03): 111-116 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Vu Xuan Hung chi can th6ng qua NLDH cung c6 the danh gia dupe nang luc su pham cda nguai giao vien NLDH lai dupe bieu hien cu the qua rat nhilu cae nang lire khac tdy thupc vao each tilp can phan loai ma co cae ten gpi khac nhu nhom nang luc chuan bj day hpc; NLTH day hpc; nang luc 16 chdc thuc hanh va nang luc kiem tra, danh gia De hinh va phat trien NLDH, doi h6i qua trinh TTSP cac truang DHSPKT phai 16 chdc tot boat dpng ren luyen NLDH cda sinh vien m6t each d6ng bp, toan dien td muc lieu, npi dung, quy trinh den danh gia ket qua ren luyen NLDH cda sinh vien Neu khong, nhilu ban ehl, bat cap se xay ra, lam anh hu'6ng lan den chat lugng dao tao THU'C TRANG REN LUYEN NLDH TRONG TTSP Ve muc tieu ren luyen NLDH Thuc tien nhieu nam qua cho thay c6ng tac ren luyen NLDH noi rieng TTSP, khau r4t quan trgng dao tao GVDN cac truang DHSPKT c6n nhung khoang each dang ke moi dap dng yeu cau cda su nghiep d6i mai giao due nghe nghiep Qua viec khao sat thuc Irang ren luyen NLDH Irong TTSP tai cac truang DHSPKT va mot s6 ca so day nghe voi cac doi tirgng la giang vien huang dan (40 nguoi), can bg quan ly (40 nguai), sinh vien nam thd (300 em) va GVDN (250 nguai) cho thay boat dgng ren luyen NLDH TTSP lai cae truang DHSPKT c6n c6 nhirng t6n tai nhu sau - Thuc hien dupe bai day ly thuylt, thuc hanh theo cac chuong trinh m6n hpc, Muc tieu ren luyen NLDH dupe eac trudng DHSPKT xac djnh chung muc tieu TTSP va chua thong nhat eho cac trudng DHSPKT ca nuac Tuy nhien, qua nghien cdu va t6ng hgp cda chdng toi cho thay, vl ea ban mue tieu chung ve ren luyen NLDH eda sinh vien DHSPKT TTSP deu nh§m Chuan bj va thue hien cac bai hoc ly thuylt, thuc hanh va tich hpp dupe phan c6ng v6'i eac muc tieu eu the nhu sau: - Hieu dugc khai quat ve e6ng viec ehuan bj day ly thuyet, thue hanh - Soan dupe bai day ly thuyet, thue hanh theo eac chuong trinh mon hoe; - Chu4n bj dupe d6 ddng, phuong lien day hpc; thiet bj, nguyen nhien vat lieu Ket qua khao sat ve mue dp phd hgp cua muc tieu ren luyen NLDH TTSP vdi Ihuc tien giao due, dao tao cac CSDN la tuo-ng d6i phd hgp (chiem 57,2%); 32 % y kiln eho rkng muc lieu ren luyen NLDH TTSP la kh6ng phd hpp va y kien lap trung GVDN dang triie tiep giang day C6 6.1% y kiln cho rang mue tieu ren luyen NLDH TTSP hoan loan khong phd hpp (xem them Bang 1) Bang Tdng hgp y kien danh gia ve muc tieu ren luyen NLDH TTSP TT Muc Clang vien hudng dan Giao vien day nghe Sinh vien Can bd quan ly Tyle chung SL % SL % SL % SL % % Rat phu hgp 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 Phil hop 15.0 1.6 17 5.6 3.3 28.0 -< Tuong ddi phu hgp 20 50.0 137 54.8 181 60.3 17 56.6 57.2 Khdng phu hgp 20.0 87 34.8 97 32.3 23.3 32.0 Hoan toan khdng phu hgp 15.0 22 8.8 1.6 16.6 6.1 112 Vii Xuan Hung Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Nhu vay ren luyen NLDH TTSP la boat dgng thuc hanh cda sinh vien DHSPKT nam cu6i khoa, nhung mue lieu ren luyen NLDH TTSP van chi mang linh chat djnh tinh, chung chung, chua chi dugc nhCing c6ng viec cu the ma sinh vien can phai thuc hien cung nhu nhQng chuan thuc hien cac cong viec qua Irinh ren luyen nang luc day hgc Ve noi dung, quy trinh ren luyen NLDH De dap dng muc lieu nhu tren, noi dung va quy trinh ren luyen NLDH tai cac truang DHSPKT edng bet sdc don gian Tuy cdng co khac d6i chdt song van bao g6m nhung noi dung co- ban va dugc thuc hien theo quy trinh chung nhu sau: Buac I Huang dan cda giang vien huong dan (cac ihao tac su pham co' ban, each soan bai, len lap ); Buac Di du lap de hgc tap kinh nghiem; Buac Nhan bai giang va chuan bj day bgc (soan giao an, chuan bj de cuong (ly thuyet hoac thuc hanh) va chuan bj 79(03): 116 phuong tien day hgc); Buoc Tap giang tai nh6m; Buac Len lap Danh gia chung ve noi dung ren luyen NLDH TTSP co 20% danh gia mdc phd hgp; 35,1% danh gia tuo'ng d6i phd hgp va co 45,7% cho rang kb6ng phd hgp (Bang 2) De ren luyen NLDH, kh6ng chi ren luyen cac ky nang ma ca nhQng kien thdc va thai doi voi tdng c6ng viec cda nghe kbi d6 nhung noi dung chua dugc cac truang DHSPKT chd y den qua trinh ren luyen NLDH Do vay, vai cau trdc noi dung ren luyen nhu hien tai kho co the dap dng dugc yeu cau Danh gia chung ve quy trinh ren luyen NLDH TTSP co 31,5% danh gia mdc phd hgp; 51.2% danh gia luo'ng d6i phd hgp; 24.1% danh gia mirc d6 kh6ng phd hgp (Bang 3) Trong quy trinh ren luyen cac noi dung neu tren, co 57,5% y kien cho rang quy trinh soan giao an bien kh6ng phd hgp voi Ihuc le Dieu cdng phd hgp voi danh gia ve nang lire chuan bj day hgc cda sinh vien c6n thap Bang Tdng hgpy kien ddnh gld sitphii hop cua ndi dung ren liiven NLDH TTSP TT Miic Giang vien hudng dan % SL 0 Giao vien day nghe % SL 0 SL % 1.6 Sinh vien Can bd quan ly % SL 6.6 Ty le chung % 1.1 Rat phu hop Phu hgp 7.5 3.2 50 16.6 10 20 Tuong ddi phu hgp 10 25 99 39.6 95 31.6 14 46.6 35.1 Khdng phii hgp 22 55 112 44.8 138 46 II 36.6 45.6 Hoan toan khdng phu hgp 12.5 31 12.4 12 0 7.7 Bang Tdng hopy kien ddnh gld sit•phii hgp cua quy Irinh ren luyen NLDH TTSP TT Miic Giang vien hudng dan Giao vien day nghe Sinh vien Can bo quan ly Tyle chung Rat phu hgp 0 SL -> Phu hgp 12 30.0 15 Tuong ddi phu hgp 21 52.5 147 58.8 131 43.6 19 63.3 51.2 Khdng phu hgp 15.0 69 27.6 73 24.3 6.6 24.1 Hoan toan khdng phu hgp 2.5 16 6.4 3.0 0 4.1 SL % % SL % SL % % 1.2 18 6.0 13.3 4.0 6.0 69 23.0 16.6 31.5 79(03): 111 -116 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Vu Xuan Hung truang DHSPKT hien cho thay so sinh vien dat ket qua kha, gioi la chu yeu, cu the: Qua day co the thay, he th6ng eac NLDH can ren luyen chua dupe djnh hinh ro rang, cu the; Cae npi dung ren luyen NLDH TTSP eo cau trdc chua chat che, thieu logic, chua day dd, xa rai kiln thue ly thuyet viec ren luyen ky nang; su lien ket eac kien thue ve tam ly, giao due va nhung ky nang su pham vai ITnh vuc kiln thue chuyen mon nghe cac truang DHSPKT c6n ylu dan den nhieu truang e6n nhieu Idng tdng xay dung npi dung ren luyen NLDH TTSP Mat khac, quy trinh t6 chdc ren luyen NLDH TTSP c6n nang ve kinh nghiem, chua co quy trinh cu the Cac buac thuc hien eac c6ng vice van phu thupc chd yeu vao kinh nghiem cua lung truang DHSPKT, tham chi la cua tung giang vien huang dan, chua dupe thiet ke theo mpt quy trinh t6ng quat mpt each khoa hpc vda CO cau trdc d6ng tam, vua co eau true tuyin tinh de co the vda de dang thuc hien, vda hieu qua 16 chuc ren luyen NLDH Quy trinh ren luyen NLDH TTSP chua m6 binh hoa cae buac, cac c6ng doan va loan bp qui trinh mpt he thong chuan de de thuc hien, c6 hieu qua cao - Du gia, trao doi hpc tap kinh nghiem giang day: kha, gioi chiem S6% - Chuan bi cac bai day (ly thuyet, thuc hanh, tich hgp): kha gioi chiem 83%) - Thuc tap giang day: kha, gioi chiem 75% •y kien vl muc dp phu hgp cua vice danh gia kit qua ren luyen NLDH so vai thuc tien dugc the hien qua bang Hien nay, viec danh gia ket qua ren luyen NLDH a cac trucmg DHSPKT kh6ng thong nhSt, phien dien Nhieu truong chi danh gia nang lire cua sinh vien thong qua mot so bai giang thuc te vai mpt bp tieu chi danh gia bai giang Diem danh gia ket qua NLDH cua sinh vien cung chinh la diem danh gia bai giang Mpt loat cac cong viec khac de hinh va phat triln NLDH nhu chuan bj day hpe, thilt ke day hgc, soan giao an, danh gia bai giang; tap giang thuang bj xem nhe Nhilu npi dung khong co tieu chi danh gia, nen nhieu eo danh gia nhung mang tinh cam tinh, dai khai, chung chung Cung chinh vi vay, thong tin tu ket qua danh gia khong phan anh thue chat ket qua ren luyen NLDH cua sinh vien, kh6ng gidp ich eho viec dieu chinh qua trinh ren luyen dd Viec danh gia ket qua ren luyen NLDH cda sinh vien TTSP dang bj mat di y nghTa dich thuc cua no ma chi la mpt khau mang tinh thd tuc Ve danh gia ket qua ren luyen NLDH Danh gia ket qua ren luyen NLDH thue chat la viec xac nhan, dua nhQng nhan djnh ve NLDH cda sinh vien, la ket qua cda qua trinh ren luyen NLDH TTSP Danh gia ket qua ren luyen NLDH Irong TTSP a cac Bang Tdng hgpy kien ve ddnh gid ket qud ren luyen NLDH TTSP TT Miic Tyle chung Can bo quar ly Giang vien hudng dan Giao vien day nghe Sinh vien SL % SL % SL % SL % % Rat phu hgp 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 Phu hgp 10.0 2.4 22 7,3 0 10.0 Tuong ddi phu hgp 14 35.0 54 21.6 88 29.3 21 70.0 28.5 Khdng phu hgp 13 32.5 138 55.2 147 49.0 20.0 49.0 Hoan toan khdng phu hgp 22.5 52 20.8 43 14.3 10.0 17.2 114 Vii Xuan Hung 79(03): 111 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Danh gia chung ve NLDH va ren luyen NLDH cua sinh vien DE XUAT PHUC B A T Viec to chuc TTSP noi chung, ren luyen NLDH noi rieng tai eac truong DHSPKT da phan nao hinh va phat trien NLDH cho sinh vien, dong gop quan trgng vao viec cung cap so lugng dang ke GVDN cho cac CSDN nhung nam qua Tuy nhien, tir nhung ban che ve muc tieu, noi dung, quy trinh va danh gia ket qua ren luyen NLDH da dan toi NLDH cda sinh vien chua cao Kel qua nghien euu, khao sat thue trang, kel hgp vai danh gia tu thue lien cho thay, NLDH cda sinh vien eon nhieu ban che, eu the; Xu the d6i moi noi dung, phuong phap dao tao dang dien manh me a nhieu co- so giao due dai hgc, va co so day nghe, do, boat dgng ren luyen NLDH TTSP mgl so truang DHSPKT van ap dung noi dung, phuong thuc cu, dan den nhQng bat cap ca ve muc tieu, noi dung, quy trinh t6 chdc va phuong thuc danh gia nhu da trinh bay tren Do vay, can c6 nhung d6i moi de khac phuc nhung t6n tai do, g6p phan nang cao chat lugng dao tao GVDN - Nang lire chuan bj day hge eon yeu nhat la khau thiet ke day hgc (soan giao an, de cuong bai giang) Con mot so sinh vien nham Ian giu'a muc dich va muc tieu day hgc; kh6ng biet thiet ke boat dgng day hgc de phat huy dugc tinh tich cue cda nguoi hgc; - Nang lire thue hien day hgc c6n ban che; dap khuon, giao dieu su dung phuong phap; lung tung su dung, khai thac phuang lien day hgc; tien kiem tra, danh gia; thieu linh boat xu ly tinh hu6ng su pham dan den ket qua day hgc thuong kh6ng dat dugc muc lieu, nhat la muc tieu ngoai (chat lugng cong viec thuc lien d6i hoi); MQT SO GIAI PHAP KHAC C A P HIEN N A Y Tu thuc trang neu tren, theo chdng t6i de khac phuc nhirng bat cap d6 can tap trung vao viec doi mai ren luyen NLDH lbeo mot liep can mai CO nhieu uu diem hien nay, tiep can ddo tgo theo ndng lire thuc hien Dao lao theo NLTH nham hinh va phat trien a nguai hgc nhung kien thdc, ky nang, thai d6 can thiet de sau t6l nghiep hg co nang lire de hoan tat ca cac c6ng viec cda nghe, dat chuan chat lugng nhung dieu kien nhat djnh Theo do, can thuc hien d6ng bg vao mot s6 giai phap sau: a) Doi moi muc lieu ren luyen NLDH theo liep can NLTH; Co nhilu nguyen nhan dan den thuc trang tren, nhung qua nghien cuu cua chdng t6i cho thay, nguyen nhan ehu yeu la van de t6 chuc ren luyen NLDH TTSP, cu the: b) Doi moi noi dung ren luyen NLDH theo tiep can NLTH; - Thilu tinh cu thi xac djnh muc lieu ren luyen NLDH, thieu chuan NLTH (chuan dau ra); d) D6i moi danh gia ket qua ren luyen NLDH theo tiep can NLTH - Noi dung ren luyen NLDH don dieu, chd ylu tap trung vao noi dung ren luyen la ky nang, chu kh6ng phai la nang lire; Chac chan rang, vai tiep can NLTH, nhung giai phap neu tren se gop phan giai quyet co hieu qua nhiing ban che viec l6 chdc ren luyen NLDH TTSP hien nay, nang cao NLDH cda sinh vien DHSPKT./ - Quy trinh ren luyen NLDH thilu tinh khoa hgc; quy trinh chua toi uu; - Danh gia kit qua ren luyen NLDH phien dien, chua dam bao tinh loan dien, chinh xac, khach quan, khong co dugc thong tin phan hoi chinh xac dl dilu chinh qua trinh ren luyen, mang tinh thd tuc; thilu tieu ehuan danh gia cho tung noi dung ren luyen NLDH eu the c) Doi mai quy trinh ren luyen NLDH theo tiep can NLTH; TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] Nguyin Dinh Chinh (1991), Thue tap su phgm, Nha xuat ban Giao due Ha Ndi [2] Dai hgc Su pham ky thuat Tp Hd Chi Minh (2002), Ndng cao chdt lugng thuc tap su phgm Ky yeu hdi thao khoa hgc, Tp Hd Chi Minh 115 Vu Xuan Hung Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 79(03): 111 - 116 [3] Nguyin Minh Dudng (2005), Ddo Igo theo ndng luc thuc hien Tai lieu bdi dudng Giao vien, Ha Ndi [5] Le Van Hdng, Le Nggc Lan, Nguyin Van Thang (2001), Tdm ly hgc lira tuoi vd tdm ly hoc suphgm, Nha xuat ban Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Noi [4] Pham Minh Hac (2001) Tdm ly hgc, Nha xuat ban Giao due Ha Ndi [6] Tu diln Bach khoa www.bachkhoatoanlhu.gov.vn toan thu, SUMARY SOME ISSUES ON THE STATUS OF TEACHING COMPETENCE IN THE PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE OF STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITIES TECHNICAL PEDAGOGIC Vu Xuan Hung General Department of I 'ocational Training This article presents research on the realities of practice teaching competence of students of universities technical pedagogy in pedagogical practice Studies have clarified the limitations and inadequacies in the objectives, content, process and evaluate the capacity of teaching practice, leads to the capacity of student teaching is not high Current situation on many reasons such as lack of goal specific training, lack of standards competence, training conlenl monotonous teaching competence, the process lacks scientific assessment competence of teaching practice also sighted Based on that article proposed some measures to remedy the situation focuses on: Innovation training objectives, training content, training process and evaluation of teaching practice capacity approach by competence Keywords; pedagogical practice; pedagogy competence; teaching competence; technical pedagogical, trainers, training status Tel; 098.375.2225; Email: hungvdtiTifgmall.com 116 ... 16 chdc tot boat dpng ren luyen NLDH cda sinh vien m6t each d6ng bp, toan dien td muc lieu, npi dung, quy trinh den danh gia ket qua ren luyen NLDH cda sinh vien Neu khong, nhilu ban ehl, bat... dgng thuc hanh cda sinh vien DHSPKT nam cu6i khoa, nhung mue lieu ren luyen NLDH TTSP van chi mang linh chat djnh tinh, chung chung, chua chi dugc nhCing c6ng viec cu the ma sinh vien can phai... bj day hgc cda sinh vien c6n thap Bang Tdng hgpy kien ddnh gld sitphii hop cua ndi dung ren liiven NLDH TTSP TT Miic Giang vien hudng dan % SL 0 Giao vien day nghe % SL 0 SL % 1.6 Sinh vien Can