Tgp chi khoa hoc TrUdng Dgi hgc Quy Nhdn So 2, Tgp V ndm 2011 Sl/DyNG TRANH ANH TRONG GIANG DAY DIA LI Ti; NHIEN 6 DAI HQC DUONG THI NGUYEN HA" 1 KHAI NIEM TRANH, ANH Theo td dien Tieng Viet [4] Tranh[.]
Tgp chi khoa hoc TrUdng Dgi hgc Quy Nhdn So 2, Tgp V ndm 2011 Sl/DyNG TRANH ANH TRONG GIANG DAY DIA LI Ti; NHIEN DAI HQC DUONG THI NGUYEN HA" KHAI NIEM TRANH, ANH Theo td dien Tieng Viet [4]: Tranh la tdc phdm hdi hga phdn dnh hien thuc bang dudng net vd mdu sac Ndi cich khic: dd chinh la nhdng cdng trinh nghe thuit cac hga SI, ngtfdi ve tranh sang tic bang cich ddng dtfdng net, miu sac de phan anh the gidi hinh the len mat phang Anh hay hinh dnh la hinh ngudi, vgt, phong cdnh thu duac bdng cu quang hoc (may dnh) Hinh anh cdn dtfdc hieu la hinh ngtfdi, vat, phong canh de lai an ttfdng nha't dinh vi tii hien dtfdc U-I nhd, la kha nang gdi ta sinh ddng cich diln dat Tranh anh la cich ndi khii quit de chi tranh va anh Trong giang day, u-anh anh ddng vai trd ri't quan trgng (phtfdng tien tnic tie'p de xay dtfng bieu ttfdng cho ngtfdi hgc), gidp ngtfdi hgc tri giic stf vat, hien ttfdng mdt cich trtfc quan, chinh xac va phin biet rd stf vat hien ttfdng vdi stf vat hien ttfdng khic Tranh anh dtfdc sd dung giang day dia 11 cd nhieu loai: tranh anh dia li treo ttfdng, tranh anh dia II sach giio khoa, tranh anh dia II dtfdc stfu tam qua tap chi, bao, tren mang internet, VAI TRO VA Y NGHIA CUA VIEC SlT DUNG TRANH ANH TRONG GIANG DAY DIA LI TU NHIEN Khdng Td tdng ndi: "Tram nghe khdng bang mot thdy" va nhieu nghien cdu thdi gian qua da minh chdng: sd dung tranh anh day hgc giup ngtfdi hgc cd kha nang nam bat kien thdc hieu qua hdn neu chi ddn thuan sd dung cic hinh thdc nhtf nghe va dgc Hieu qua nam kie'n thdc cua hinh thdc niy khoang 20% [7] Tuy chtfa phai la hinh thdc dem lai hieu qua cao nha't day hgc nhtfng rd ring vai trd cua chung la khdng the thie'u dtfdc xu htfdng ddi mdi phtfdng phip giang day hien O dai hgc, giang day dia II ndi chung va giang day dia II ttf nhien ndi rieng, yeu cau sd dung tranh inh la ri't can thie't Dd'i ttfdng nghien cdu cua dia II ttf nhien la be mat trdi dd't-moi khdng gian rdng ldn, d dd cic thinh phan ttf nhien cd md'i quan he phu thudc lan vd cung phdc tap; nhieu qua trinh ttf nhien xay nhanh; nhieu hien ttfdng nguy hiem nhtf bao, nui Ida phun, dgng da't, sdng than, trtfdt da't, da Id, Do do, ngtfdi hgc ra't khd quan sat trtfc tie'p hoic chi quan sit dtfdc mdt phan nhd cac hien ttfdng dia II Khi khdng cd dieu kien tri giac trtfc tie'p cac hien ttfdng dia II, cung nhtf khdng cd cac doan bang ghi lai nd, phddng tien td'i tfu nha't de 44 DUdNG THI NGUYEN HA" hinh nhdng bieu tU(fng dia If cho ngddi hgc li thdng qua sd dung v i khai thic kie'n thdc td tranh anh MUC DfCH CUA Vl&C Si/ DUNG TRANH ANH TRONG GIANG DAY DIA Lf TU NHIEN Khdng the phu nhan dddc vai trd vi vi tri cua tranh anh day hgc ndi chung va day hgc dia li td nhien ndi rieng Tiiy theo muc dich, ydu cau cua bii hgc m i tranh anh cd the dtfdc sd dung de minh hga cho bai giing, khai thic kie'n thdc, he thd'ng hda kie'n thdc hoic cung cd kie'n thdc 3.1 Sd dyng tranh anh dd minh hga kid'n thdc Thdng thtfdng, sau day xong kien thdc mdi, giing vien (GV) dda tranh anh cho sinh vien (SV) quan sit (minh hga kie'n thdc vda day), giup SV lien be vdi thtfc tiln, hieu sau hdn kie'n thdc vda hgc, cd niem tin cao hdn vio kien thdc vda tie'p nhin Song, neu GV ddng lai d mdc dd thi tranh inh chtfa phit huy dtfdc tic dung kich thich ttf cua ngtfdi hgc Lim the' nao de phit huy bet bieu qua cua tranh anh viec nunh hga kie'n thdc giang day dia II ttf nhien la dieu khdng d l Ngay td khiu thie't ke' bii giang, GV phai ltfa chgn nhdng kie'n thdc can hinh anh de minh hga vi nhdng hinh inh phd hdp vdi ndi dung kien thdc Khi giang bai, GV cd the yeu cau SV quan sit tranh anh trtfdc bat dau day kie'n thdc mdi GV giai thich hoic chdng minh, phin tich cho SV hieu ve ndi dung kie'n thdc thdng qua tranh anh m i bii hgc de cap den 3.2 SuT dung tranh anh de khai thae kien thdc Vdi muc dich nay, tranh anh cd the sd dung ta't ca cic khau len ldp Khi thie't ke bii giang, GV can xac dinh nhdng ndi dung cd kie'n thdc dtfdc khai thic td tranh inh Sau stfu tam tranh anh lien quan, GV xic dinh cic phtfdng phap htfdng din SV sd dung chung c6 hieu qui nha't GV cd tiie sd dung ke't hdp chdng vdi tranh inh sich giio khoa vi cac phtfdng tien trtfc quan khic (ban dd, bieu dd, sd dd, sd lieu thd'ng ke, bing hinh, ) O bac dai hgc, GV nen td chdc cho SV lam viec vdi tranh inh mdt cich dgc lap hoic theo nhdm nhd Cic boat ddng dtfdc GV td chdc tiieo htfdng gai md, ddm thogi, tranh lugn, cdng ndo, nham giup SV ttf tim tdi, phit hien kien thdc mdi thdng qua tranh anh Qua nhdng phin tich tren, chung tdi nhin tha'y de viec khai tiiic, sd dung tranh anh phuc vu giing day dia II ttf nhien dat ke't qua, GV cd the htfdng din cho SV tien hanh theo cic btfdc sau: Xdc dmh duac chu de ciia tranh dnh; Phdn tich, mieu td cdc ddi tuang, khai thdc cdc thdng tin tilt hinh dnh; SlJf DUNG TRANH ANH TRONG GIANG DAY DIA LI TU NHIEN DAI HOC 45 Khdi qudt, ddnh gid cdc ddi tuang the hien tren liinh dnh; Nhgn xet, bdy to y kien, quan diem ve ndi dung hinh dnh bang hieu biet cua minh; GV khdi qudt vd chon loc nliUng kien thitc tit tranh dnh bd sung cho bdi hoc 3.3 Stir dung tranh anh dd h^ thd'ng hda kid'n thdc, cung cd'bai, bd sung kid'n thdc De dat muc dich tren, GV nen ltfa chgn nhdng tranh inh cd chu de rdng hdn nhdng tranh anh da sd dung, hoic cd ndi dung gan vdi ndi dung ca bai Khi cung cd', bd sung kie'n thdc cho SV bang hinh anh, GV nen td chdc va htfdng din SV ttf boat ddng (vi SV da cd nhdng kie'n thdc cd bin ve van de can cung cd) Muc dich thtfdng dtfdc thtfc hien vio cud'i gid hgc, cung cd trtfdng hdp GV sd dung vio dau budi hgc ciia tiet sau (nhac lai kien thdc cu va din nhap vio bii mdi) hoic cic budi thtfc hinh, budi ngoai khda, CAC P H U Q N G P H A P SI/ DUNG TRANH ANH TRONG GIANG DAY DIA LI T U NHIEN d DAI HOC 4.1 Phddng phap quan sat, md ta Viec quan sit dtfdc tie'n hanh nhdm nhieu muc dich khac va cd the tien banh d bdt ki khdu ndo qui trinh giang day, qud trinh nam tri thUc cua ngtfdi hgc GV can gidp SV bieu dtfdc muc dich, nhiem vu cua viec quan sit, tap trung stf chu y cua SV de'n die diem quan trgng nha't cua dd'i ttfdng, nham giup SV tim chii d'e cua tranh hoic anh vi xac lap cac md'i quan he gida cac dd'i ttfdng de tim tri thdc mdi Hieu mdt cich ddn gian, vdi phtfdng phip niy, GV can dtfa tranh anh de SV quan sat, sau dd yeu cau SV md ta lai Cic tranh anh dtfdc sd dung cd the minh hga cho mdt stf kien, mdt hien ttfdng hay mdt qua trinh dia II, Phtfdng phip quan sat, md ta tranh anh de minh hoa cho bai giang dtfdc GV sd dung cung ci'p cho SV nhdng bang chdng cu the ve phan kie'n thdc da trinh biy, hoic khang dinh dung sai cho mdt ndi dung VI du (VD), giang day ve dia hinh caxta, GV dtfa hinh anh cho SV quan sit vi chi cic dang dia hinh caxtd Hoic day phan cdnh quan cdy bui Id cvtng can nhiet Dia Trung Hdi, GV md ta xong die diem, dtfa nhdng hinh anh ve canh quan dd cho SV xem Tuy nhien, neu chi sd dung tranh inh de minh hga ddn gian nhtf tren, thi SV se cd thii thu ddng, khdng khac siu dtfdc kie'n thdc De tang hieu qua sd dung tranh inh minh hga, GV nen ket hap vdi cdc bien phdp hUdng ddn SV khai thdc kien thvtc tU tranh dnh Bang phtfdng phip quan sit, md ta tranh inh, GV hudng ddn SV tu quan sdt thdng qua nhitng cdu hoi gai md (dd'i ttfdng the bien, bd' cue, gida cic phan cd quan he gi vdi nhau, qui trinh diln ra, hga tie't theo nhdng dtfdng net nhtf the nao?, ) Tie'p do, GV htfdng din va yeu cau SV ttf md ta tranh anh bang hieu bie't cua minh DUONG THI NGUYEN HA" 46 Ben canh dd, GV nen khuyen khich SV dgt cdu hdi vS ndi dung tranh dnh md SV chUa hieu, Dtfdi diy la mgt sd vi du minh hga cho phtfdng phip VDI: Sd dung cic hinh anh de giai thich qui trinh tich dan, va cham gida cic mang cua luc dia Gondvana vdi mang A-Au Giio vien thay vi cung ca'p cho SV cic die didm cua qui trinh tich din, va Cham cua cac mang tren, GV nen yeu c^u SV quan sil (hinh 1, 2) tim chii de cUa titng hinh dnh GV din dat SV ttf dat ciu hdi cho nhdng thae mac cua minh qui trinh quan sat vl: htfdng di chuyen, va cham cua cic ming dd vao mang A-Au, ke't qua cua qui trinh va cham nhtf the nao? Qui trinh niy cdn tiep dien khdng?, Ben canh dd, GV cd thd cung cap them cho SV ve thdi gian tach dan, td'c va cham gida cic mang Nhdng hinh anh chda the hien dddc vi tri dia li ddi va cham, ddng ltfc qua trinh va cham ming, cic dang dia hinh dddc hinh thinh va cham mang, GV cd the sd dung ket hdp tranh anh vdi ban dd, doan video ciing chu de - , _>Trek ^1^ Rffng and Cgntmen^l Break-up :w ^p- IfK^ / - "N/ l:" i Hinh Su va cligm cua mdng Arap vd mdng An Do-Australia vdo mdng A-Au Hinh Qud trinh di chuyen vd va chgm cda mdng An Do vdo mdng A-Au VD2: Sd dung tranh anh giang day phan hau luc dia A-Au Nham giup SV hieu ve tan sua't, die diem cua bao, ip thi'p nhiet ddi d khu vtfc Ddng Nam A vi phia nam Ddng A, GV cd the cho SV quan sit cic hinh 3, 4, 5, dtfdi day GV td chdc cho SV thao luin nhdm nhd Yeu cau SV md ta lai theo hieu bie't cua minh Muc tieu ve kien thdc vi ki nang SV can dat dtfdc sau tim hieu nhdng hinh anh nay: phdi gidi thich tgi khu vUc ndy Id mot nhitng trung tdm bdo ldn cua the gidi; phdi md td duac dgc diem can bdo (quy md, xody, mdt bdo, ), dudodn hudng di chuyen vd cho biet bdn chdt cua hien tuang tren Tuy hinh anh khdng the hien hiu qua cua bio, mdc thiet hai, nhdng vung chiu thiet hai bao giy ra, nhtfng thdng qua quan sit hinh anh, SV cung cd the trinh bay hieu bie't cua minh ve nhdng vi'n de StJf DUNG TRANH ANH TRONG GIANG DAY DIA LI TU NHIEN DAI HOC 47 ã"ã^m^ms (y Hdv' June-C-cEote* ' -i' L-CK-lfltW-ApflJ Cwcembw-March -"'*^3^^sA!lôô>, T r o p n dl S t o r m * Hiiili Tun Midi xtiv Inlo (f cdc viiu^i hien nen The i^iifi |9| Hinh Sieu bdo Megi dang tien vdo bien Dong (10/2010) [10] /////// -f Mdi hdo (hdo Me;j,i 10/20III} I 101 Hinh Dudng di ciia bdo Megi (10/2010) [10] De dat dtfdc nhdng muc tieu de ra, GV cdn khuyen khich SV tu hogt ddng GV phai cd "nghe thugt''' htfdng cic em de'n chu de chinh cua tranh anh Quan trgng hdn, GV phai dinh htfdng de SV dtfa dtfdc nhdng nhan dinh, phin tich dtfdc ban cha't cua tranh anh VD3: Sd dung tranh anh day ve dieu kien tu nhien vd dgc diem cdaxU hoang mgc Sahara bang phUdng phdp quan sdt, md td GV cho SV quan sat hinh SV d l dang md ta dtfdc cic ddi ttfdng: dd, cudi soi, cdt, dc ddo, lgc dd, cdy chd Id, Ddng thdi, SV hieu duac Sahara khdng chi cd hoang mgc cdt (sa mgc) md cd cd hoang mgc dd, hoang mgc cudi soi, hoang mgc mud'i set Hoang mgc dd thudng khdc nghiet, nam sdu d trung tdm, den hoang mgc cudi soi, hoang mgc cdt Qua dd, SV cd the rut ra: dc ddo Id nai cU trd cda ngUdi vd ddng vdt, ddy ciing la nai ngUdi tien hdnh cdc hogt ddng sdn xudt ndng nghiep chu yeu; lgc da Id phUdng tien di lgi vd van chuyen chinh hoang mgc, Vdi ndi dung niy, de viec khai thdc kien thvtc tU tranh dnh bang phUdng phdp quan sdt, md td dgt hieu qud cao hdn, GV can giup SV hieu dtfdc cdc nhdn td quyet dinh va nhitng nhdn td dnh hudng de'n stf hinh ttf nhien xd niy Td dd, SV se cd ke't luan ve cudc sd'ng cua ngtfdi ndi diy, hg thich dng vdi dieu kien td nhien dd sao, giao thdng di lai nhtf the nao, xd Sahara cd die trdng gi khac vdi cic khu vde khac tren Trai Di't, mac du nhdng dieu dd It the hien qua hinh anh DUdNG THI NGUYEN HA" 48 :^ iTi-ri^ Hinit Mdi so lunh unh ve liouiig muc Sahara [9] Bang phtfdng phap quan sat vi md ta, SV da he thd'ng hda kie'n thdc, cung cd, md rdng va khac siu kien thdc Dong thdi, phtfdng phip cdn gidp SV ren luyen ki nang phan tich tdng hdp, xem xet md'i quan he nhin qua, quan he bien chdng gida cic dd'i ttfdng ttf nhien vdi mdt tdng the nha't dinh Sd dung phtfdng phap quan sit, md ta tranh anh giang day dia li ttf nhien that stf dat hieu qua SV cd nhitng hieu bie't nhd't dinh ve kie'n thUc dia Ii de tgo dieu kien thuan ldi cho qui trinh thu nhan tri thdc mdi Mud'n hieu dtfdc ndi dung cua tranh anh, SV phai cd md'i Hen he chat che gida cic bieu ttfdng dia li vdi v i vdi tri ttfdng ttfdng sang tao cua minh 4.2 So sanh So sdnh la nhin vdo cdi ndy md xem xet cdi de thd'x sU gidng vd khdc nhau, hodc syt hdn kem [4] Sd dung phtfdng phip so sinh de khai thic kie'n thdc td tranh anh li cich thdc tim nhdng diem gid'ng nhau, khac ve ban cha't cua cac stf vat hien ttfdng dia II tiie hien tren cic bde tranh hay hinh inh dd Yeu cau dung phtfdng phip la ndi dung bai hgc phai cd nhieu diem ttfdng ddng nhau, nhdng ban cha't khac Thtfc hien phtfdng phip niy, GV phai sd dung nhieu bde tranh cung mdt luc VI du GV mudn SV phan biet: dia hinh caxta nhiet ddi vdi dia hinh caxtd dn ddi va giai thich dtfdc nguyen nhin tao nen stf khic cua hai kieu dia hinh Khi sd dung phtfdng phip so sanh de khai tiiic kie'n thdc td tranh anh, GV nen ket hdp nhieu phtfdng phip day hgc vdi GV giup SV phdn Met v i tim nhdng diem ttfdng ddng va khic biet cua cic dd'i ttfdng dtfdc the hien, hoic khdng the hien tren hinh anh Td nhdng thdng tin da cd, SV se ddnh gid dtfdc bin cha't cua stf khac gida cac hinh anh va hieu dtfdc ngi dung kie'n thdc thdng qua cac hinh anh GV cung cd the sd dung tranh anh de tim nhdng diem gid'ng v i khac sin xua't ndng nghiep cua hai ctfdng qud'c kinh te: Nhit Ban va Hoa Ki GV cho SLT DUNG TRANH ANH TRONG GIANG DAY DIA LI TtJ NHIEN DAI HOC 49 SV xem hinh vi 9, yeu cau hg so sinh: quy md trang trai, trang bi miy mdc cho ndng nghiep, so Itfdng may mdc cung boat ddng tren ddng rudng, hinh thdc canh tic J Hinh Tim liogch iua mi dHoaKi Hmh Thu hoach lua gao d Nhdt Bdn [9] Hinh chotiia'y:nhieu miy git Ida mi cd kich cd ldn tren cinh ddng rdng ldn (hiu canh la canh ddng thang tdi tin chin trdi); d hinh chi cd mdt miy gat nhd tren ddng mong nhd (hiu canh li ndi non, ling mac d sit chin nui) So sinh cac hinh anh tren vdi nhau, SV dl dang nhin tha'y Hoa Ki thtfc hien sin xui't ndng nghiep hdng hda tren nhitng trang trgi quy md rdng ldn, sd dung miy mdc ldn, cdn Nhat Ban thtfc hien cd hda ndng nghiep tren nhitng dong rudng nho, mdy mdc nho Dieu khdng ban li ndng nghiep Nhat Ban kem phit trien va khdng hien dai bang ndng nghiep Hoa ki De H giai cho stf khic biet nay, SV phai cd kien thdc ve dieu kien ttf nhien cua Hoa Ki va Nhat Ban (diy la nhin to anh htfdng ri't ldn de'n quy md sin xui't, hinh thdc canh tic, san pham ndng nghiep, qui trinh thtfc hien cdng nghiep bda ndng nghiep, ) Cung ttfdng ttf, GV cd the yeu cau SV so sdnh dgc diem hinh thdi nui gid vd niii tre, dgc diem dia hinh hinh thdnh ddi kien tgo Ddng A vd ddi kien tgo Nam AuNam A-Ddng Nam A; so sdnh dgc diem gid mda Ddng A vd gid mua Nam A, so sdnh rUng mUa nhiet ddi vd rUng gid mda, Phtfdng phip cd the sd dung de day hgc ra't nhieu ndi dung Vay nen, GV can chua'n bi tranh anh, dtf kie'n tinh hud'ng, ltfa chgn hinh thdc td chdc cic boat dgng phu hdp Bang phtfdng phap so sinh tranh anh, GV cd the htfdng din cic nhdm SV ttf boat dgng, khai thic kie'n thdc theo cic btfdc sau: Xdc dinh chu de cua moi tranh dnh vd chd de nhdm cdc bvtc tranh, cdc hinh dnh lien quan vdi nhau; - Xdc dinh cdc dd'i tuang, chi tiet duac the hien tren mdi hinh dnh; Phdn tich, tim nhitng diem gidng nhau, khdc giita cdc dd'i tuang the hien tren hinh dnh cdn so sdnh Gidi thich nguyen nhdn, bdn chdt cua cdc ye'u to tgo nen nhitng net chung vd rieng tren hinh dnh; - Tong hap, ddnh gid, nhgn xet vd bd sung de hodn thien kien thitc qua hinh dnh Tdm lai, phuang phdp ndy co Uu diem Id giup SV phdn biet rgch rdi sU gid'ng vd khdc cua cdc ddi tuang dia li duac dem so sdnh, nhUng phuang phdp ndy DUdNG THI NGUYEN HA" 50 cung cd mat hgn che dd Id se rdt khd dp dung ne'u nhu SV khdng ndm chdc nhQng kie'n thitc ca bdn ve vdn de dang tim hieu 4.3 Dd'i chidu (phan dd) Ddi chii'u Id so sdnh cdi ndy vdi cdi (thudng vdi cdi ddng ldm chudn) de rut nhang diem gid'ng vd khdc giQa chung, tit dd hieu rd han bdn chdt cda su vdt, hien tuang [4] day mud'n nhi'n manh nhdng diem khic nh^au (phan de)^gida cic sd vit hien ttfdng Mgi stf vat hien ttfdng ludn van dgng, bien ddi va phit tridn khdng ngdng Viec dd'i chie'u giiip chung ta nhin sd thay ddi dd rd hdn Trong giang day Dia li cung viy, mud'n kh^c sau stf ting trtfdng, phat trien cua nginh kinh te^ hay stf bie'n ddi cua mdt bien ttfdng ttf nhien, khdng the khdng sd: dung bi^n phdp ddi chieu Phtfdng phip niy giiip GV dl ding truyen tai dtfdc ndi dung trgng tam den SV Khi day phan lich su: phdt trien tu nhien cua luc dia A-Au, nh^m giup SV hieu siu hdn nhdng hogt ddng dia chdt bdt dn cua luc dia A-Au vdn tie'p dien den Men va nhdng hgu qud nghiem mi chung de lai cho ngtfdi, GV cho SV quan sit hinh 10 va yeu cau SV dd'i chie'u hinh inh cua Banda Aceh trtfdc v i sau sdng than xay de tiii'y rd bau qua (sde tan phi) cua chdng Ttfdng ttf, cd the sd dung phtfdng phip niy de dd'i chie'u dgc diem, quy md hogt ddng, site tdn phd, cua can bdo nhiet ddi nd cdn d tren bien vd nd bd vdo Hinh 10 Hinh dnh trUdc (thdng 6) vd sau xdy song thdn (24/12/2004) d Banda Aceh tren ddo Sumatra-Indonesia dd't lien; hoic dd'i chie'u hinh dgng, dien tich, dgc diem, thdnh phdn cua cdc luc dia vdo nguyen dgi Tdn sinh vdi cdc nguyen dgi trudc dd de thi'y dddc sd phit trien ngiy cang hoin thien cua ldp vd canh quan Trii Da't, Phtfdng phip cung ttfdng ttf nhtf phtfdng phip so sinh, nhtfng khic d chd li so sinh gida binh inh di thay ddi (td hinh anh gdc) vdi nhdng hinh anh da dddc chgn lam gdc Khi sd dung phddng phip niy, GV nen td chdc cho SV thao luan theo nhdm, htfdng din SV ttf boat ddng vdi nhdng diem Itfu y sau: Xdc dinh cdc chi tie't tren hinh dnh itng vdi cdc thdi diem duac the hien Tim sU thay ddi, tuang phdn giQa cdc hinh dnh dem so sdnh vdi hinh dnh dUdc lUa chon ban ddu Xdc dinh phgm vi, quy md, ddng lUc svt thay ddi SV the hien hieu biet, suy nghi, quan diem, thdi ve sU thay ddi dd SLJ DUNG TRANH ANH TRONG GIANG DAY DIA LI T\J NHIEN DAI HOC 5j 4.4 Tdng hdp, phin tich dd'i ttfgfng Phtfdng phip niy thtfdng dtfdc van dung de day nhdng ndi dung mang tinh tdng hdp, cic nhdm kie'n thdc nhtf: Cdc nhdn td dnh hudng den hdu: vi tri dia II, dia hinh, ddng bien, Cdc nhdn td dnh hudng den sdng ngdi: dia hinh, hiu, ngudn cung ci'p ntfdc, tinh chit be mat dem, Cdc nlidn td hinh thdnh cdnh quan, dia mao-kie'n tao, ttfdng quan nhiet cac loai sinh vit, am, GV cd tiie sd dung mdt frong nhdng cich thdc sau de td chdc cho SV ttf boat ddng: 4- GV chon lUa nhitng tranh dnh cd kie'n thUc cdn khai thdc (khdng cd chu thich, khdng cd ten), cd cung chu de nhUng cd ndi dung khdc Yeu cdu SV ddt ten cho tUng tranh, dnh Cung cd the dp dung cho cdc nhdm hinh dnh bang cdeh quy ngp thdng qua viec SV dgt ten cho cdc nhdm tranh dnh Xdc dinh vd phdn tich titng thdnh td cdc nhdm hinh dnh, sau dd khdi qudt hda vd dUa nhdn dinh chung ve ndi dung chinh + Hodc GV dua nhieu bite tranh, hinh dnh vdi nhieu ndi dung, nhieu chii de khdc nfiau (khdng cd chu thich, khdng cd ten), sau dd yeu cdu thdo ludn vd sdp xep cdc bUc tranh, dnh theo tUng chu de, tUng ndi dung SV gidi thich cho cdeh sdp xep dd + Hogc GV se dien gidi bdng cdeh phdn tich, gidi thich titng hinh dnh de chUng minh vd Idm sdng td tdc ddng cua tUng nhdn td(tU nhien vd xd hdi) den ddi tUdng cdn phdn tich NGUYEN TAC CHUNG VA M O T SO L U U Y KHI SL/ DUNG TRANH ANH - Can stfU tam tranh inh dep (cd the cho SV cung tham gia stfu tam); ltfa chgn vi sd dung tranh anh dung muc dich, dung ngi dung bai hgc Dam bao tinh tham mi, tinh khoa bgc vi kinh te' - Can khai thic triet de nhdng ndi dung the hien tren hinh anh va tinh trtfc quan cua nd de phuc vu cho cic boat ddng nhan thdc cua ngtfdi hgc Nen tip trung vao viec sit dung tranh dnh nhumdt nguon kien thitc, ban che' sd dung tranh anh theo cich minh hga - Can sd dung tranh anh ddng luc, dung chd, trinh lam phin tin stf chu y cda ngtfdi hgc Khi day de'n ndi dung Uen quan, mdi dtfa tranh anh (cd the treo tranh len bing), tao tim the chd ddi tich ctfc va tip tmng stf chu y cua ngtfdi hgc vao ndi dung bai hgc Phai ke't hdp sd dung tranh anh vdi cic phddng tien trtfc quan khac: doan video, ban dd, sd do, Itfdc do, sd' lieu thd'ng ke, - Tranh inh thtfdng cd kich thtfdc nhd, qui trinh sd dung nen dtfa len miy chie'u Projector de ca ldp cung quan sit - Khdng nen sd dung qui nhieu tranh anh mdt tie't hgc (trinh lim ngtfdi hgc mi't tip trung) ^., DUdNG THI NGUYEN HA" TAI LlfeU THAM KHAO [1] N Dtfdc, N T Phiic, Li ludn dgy hgc Dja li, NXB Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Ngi, (1996) [2] [3] N P Hanh, Dja li tU nhiin lue dja, NXB Giio Due, (2006) L T Lanh, B T B Hanh, Phuang phdp sit dung tranh dnh sach gido khoa dgy hoc Dja lildp 7, Thong bio khoa hoc (chuydn san KHTN), sd 30, DH Quy Nhdn, [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] (2005) H Phe (chu bien) vi cac thinh vien, Tif diin tH'ng Viet, NXB Di Nfng, (2006) L B Thao (chu bien) va va cic thinh vien, Ca sd Dia li tu nhien, tap I, II, III, NXB Giio due, (1988) M X San, Ren luyen ki ndng dja li, NXB Giio due, (1998) N X Thinh, KT ndng hgc qua trdi nghiim, Tii li^u tham khao nghiep vu giing day dai hoc, Ha Npi, (2010) W J Mckeachie, NhUng thu thudt dgy hgc (Cdc chien lugc nghien cdu vd li thuye't ve dgy hgc ddnh cho cdc gidng vien dgi hgc vd cao ddng), Tai lieu tham khao, (2006) Encarta Premium DVD, (2009) [10] Mot sd trang web: http://vnexpress.net/gl/xa-hoi/2010/10/Sieu bdo cdp 17 tien sdt bien Dong hittp://www.hieuhoc.com/camnanghoctap/chitiet/brainstorming-ky-thuat-cong-nao-detao-ra-y-tuong-moi-2008-09-22 http://www google.phuongphapdaylxocdaihoc http://dt ussh edu vn/index tailieuPPdayvahocdaihocapdungtronghocchetinchi SUMMARY USING PHOTOS AND PICTURES IN TEACHING NATURAL GEOGRAPHY Duong Thi Nguyen Ha Pictures and photos are the vivid visual media, playing an important role in creating the geographical icons in learners In teaching, using pictures contribute to increasing the effectiveness of teaching and learning Teachers should use pictures as a means for students to exploit knowledge Pictures are used in all stages of teaching with different purposes and with various methods such as observation and description, comparison and contrast, subject summary and analysis "Khoa Dja li-Dia chinh, Tnfdng Dai hoc Quy Nhdn Ngay nhan bai: 16/3/2011; Ngay nhan dang: 08/9/2011 ... dung v i khai thic kie''n thdc td tranh anh MUC DfCH CUA Vl&C Si/ DUNG TRANH ANH TRONG GIANG DAY DIA Lf TU NHIEN Khdng the phu nhan dddc vai trd vi vi tri cua tranh anh day hgc ndi chung va day... quan sit tranh anh trtfdc bat dau day kie''n thdc mdi GV giai thich hoic chdng minh, phin tich cho SV hieu ve ndi dung kie''n thdc thdng qua tranh anh m i bii hgc de cap den 3.2 SuT dung tranh anh... muc dich nay, tranh anh cd the sd dung ta''t ca cic khau len ldp Khi thie''t ke bii giang, GV can xac dinh nhdng ndi dung cd kie''n thdc dtfdc khai thic td tranh inh Sau stfu tam tranh anh lien