TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C LlTA CHON NGUf LIEU DAY HOC N H A M TAO HUfNG THU HOC TAP TIENG VIET CHO HOC SINH TIEU HOC v u THI LAN LE PHl/ONG NGA Trircmg DHSP Ha Noi HQng thu ed vai trd rat quan trgng trong h[.]
TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C LlTA CHON NGUf LIEU DAY HOC NHAM TAO HUfNG THU HOC TAP TIENG VIET CHO HOC SINH TIEU HOC v u THI LAN - LE PHl/ONG NGA Trircmg DHSP Ha Noi HQng thu ed vai trd rat quan trgng hgc tap va lam viec, khdng ed viec gi ngudi ta khdng lam dugc dudi anh hudng eiia hQng thu M Gorki tQng ndi: Thien tai nd tu" tinh yeu ddi vdi cdng viec Vi vay, bdi dudng hQng thu hgc tap rat quan trgng HQng thu khdng ty nhien sinh va da sinh neu khdng tri, nudi dudng cung cd the bj mat di Cd nhieu bien phap tao hyng thu hgc tap cho hgc sinh Cd nhiing bien phap tac ddng vao ndi dung day hgc, vao phuong phap day hgc, vao phuong tien day hgc hoac vao quan he tuong tac giQa thay - trd, trd - trd Trong bai viet nay, ehung tdi chi ban ve viec lya chgn ngu lieu, mgt bd phan cau eiia ndi dung day hgc, cho tao dugc hQng thu hgc tap cho hgc sinh gid hgc Tieng Viet d Tieu hgc Theo Td dien Tieng Viet (Hoang Phe chu bien, NXB Giao due), ngQ lieu la tu lieu ngdn ngQ dugc dung lam can cQ de nghien cQu ngdn ngQ Ddi vdi nha nghien cQu ngdn ngQ, ngQ lieu trd nhQng cQ lieu cho boat dgng phan tfch, tdng hgp, kham pha nhQng chan Ii ngdn ngQ hgc, nhung tri thQc Ii luan ve ngdn ngu, cac khai niem, quy tac, quy luat, cau true eiia he thdng ngdn ngQ Trong day hgc Tieng Viet, ngu lieu la eac vi du d dang cac don vi ngdn ngQ dQgc dua nghien cQu hoac cai bien de hinh cac kien thye va kl nang ngdn ngQ cho hgc sinh NgQ lieu la cai khdng the thieu duge de trien khai bai hgc day tieng me de NgQ lieu day hgc Tieng Viet d Tieu hgc chfnh la cac tai lieu ngdn ngQ cu the dugc sQ dung sach giao khoa, dugc giao vien dua bai hgc Nd la ddi tugng nghien ciru eiia hgc sinh gid hgc tieng Viet Trong bai Ii thuyet ngdn ngQ, ngQ lieu ed vai trd djnh hudng cho hgc sinh nam cac khai niem, quy tac ngdn ngu, la nhung miu ngdn ngQ dien hinh de hgc sinh hgc tap boat ddng giao tiep Trong gid thye hanh tieng Viet, thye chat la gid hudng din hgc sinh giai bai tap tieng Viet, ngQ lieu lai cang quan trgng vi nd la mgt hai bd phan ciia mgt bai tap (phan lenh va ngQ lieu) De tao hQng thii hgc tap Tieng Viet cho hgc sinh, phai chgn cac ngQ lieu mang tinh thiet thye, tfnh thii vj, ed cac hinh thQc ngdn ngu sinh ddng, da dang 19 TJM HIEU KIEN T H Q C Li/a chon ngOr lieu thiet thiTc NgQ lieu duge xem la thiet thye nd phan anh nhung gi gan gui vdi IQa tudi hgc sinh Tieu hgc, duge eac em quan tam va dem lai nhieu Igi fch nhat cho cae em (ren kl nang sQ dung tieng Viet, cung cap kien thye so gian ve Tieng Viet, giup hieu biet ty nhien, xa hdi, bdi dudng cho cac em Idng yeu gia dinh, que hUdng dat nude ) Trong qua trinh day hgc Tieng Viet, giao vien nen dieu chinh ngQ lieu ddi vdi nhung trudng hgp can thiet cho dam bao tfnh Igi fch eiia ndi dung bai hgc Khi lya chgn hay sQ dung ngQ lieu, hay dat cau hdi: Hgc sinh dugc gi tir ngir lieu ciia chung ta? Sir dung ngCr lieu nao dedem den cho hgc sinh nhieu Igi ich nhat? Cdng viec dac biet can thiet xay dyng nhQng bai tap Tieng Viet md rgng, nang cao : v m NgQ lieu thiet thye la nhung ngQ lieu phan anh nhQng tinh hudng giao tiep ma hgc sinh thudng gap, chung se tao mdi lien quan giQa bai hgc vdi eugc sdng ciia hgc sinh, tQ dd tao hQng thu hgc tap cho cac em Bdi vi hyng thu nhan thye cd tinh lya chgn, ehi nhung gi lien quan tdi kinh nghiem va sy phat trien ea nhan mdi duge phan anh mgt each lya chgn hQng thu, nhQng gi phu hgp vdi nhu cau ciia hgc sinh, nhQng gi hgc sinh thQdng gap eugc sdng mdi thu hilt dQgc sy quan tam eua hgc sinh Khdng phai ngau nhien cae tac gia sach giao khoa Tieng Viet day am - chu e, b dau chudng trinh Bdi am - chQ dd tao nen ngu lieu be - mgt tu the hien each ggi gan gui, au yem ciia ngudi Idn ddi vdi tre em, cd kha nang tao duge sy quan tam ciia tre em vQa qua IQa tudi miu giao tdi bai hgc Chang ngiu nhien, chudng trinh Tieng Viet Idp bd qua cac van uyp, uyu, oet, oen, oam - cac van cd tan sd xuat hien thap hoat ddng giao tiep Va cang khdng ngiu nhien nhieu bai Hgc van cd cau khda lien quan den be, den eugc sdng ciia be: be cd vd ve, be ve cd, be ve cd, me di chg mua khe, mia, dira, thi cho be, Gid lua ke la I La khe du dua I Gid qua cira so I Be vua ngii trua Ngu lieu tieng Viet sach giao khoa, tQ am, chQ, tieng den cac van ban hoan chinh, nhin chung, deu cd de tai, ehii de ve hgc sinh, phan anh nhQng gi duge hgc sinh hieu, thfeh thu va quan tam Bieu hien de thay nhat la phan Idn ngQ lieu dQgc trich din tQ cac tac pham van hgc, am nhac viet ve thieu nhi, ngQ lieu ndi ve nhQng sy vat, sy viec quen thuge vdi thieu nhi Dieu dd gdp phan tao sy chu y ciia hgc sinh tieu hgc tdi bai hgc ThQ so sanh cac ngu lieu dudi day cung danh cho bai tap phan loai cau theo cau tao, chung ta se thay ngu lieu sau thiet thye hon ddi vdi hgc sinh tieu hgc: Thich nhat la gia dinh anh dugc a ca nha Chu nhan cung la mgt ngudi budn ban tren Ha Ndi Ong thudng nhd von lieng va moi hang cua vg chong anh Cdn gi han la liic tra nghia lai Ong da dgn sang nha dng bd lien ben, nhudng lai nha cho anh hoan toan sir dung 20 TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C Moi lan ddi nha di, bao gid cung nhay phdc len ngdi tren lung chd to Hi cho di cham, cau hai tai chd giat giat Con chd chay thong tha, budng thdng hai tay, ngd nguc nga nguc ngac Cling phuc vu cho muc di'ch ren kl nang mieu ta cac bd phan ciia cay cdi, ngQ lieu Cay tre thiet thye hon, gay hyng thu vdi hgc sinh hon so vdi ngu lieu Cay sdi gia Bdi tre la loai cay von rat than thiet vdi ngudi Viet Nam, khdng nhu cay sdi, cdn xa la vdi nhieu ngudi Ty lau, cay tre da trd hinh anh tugng trung cho ngudi Viet Nam thang, doan ket, gian di, giau sQc sdng Trong tiem thye ciia mgi ngudi dan Viet Nam, dac biet, ciia eac em hgc sinh, ed hinh anh cay tre dang tran trgng ay Khi phuc vu cho muc dich md rgng vdn tQ hay ren kl nang phan tfch cau tao eiia tieng, nhung cau dd se mat di tfnh thiet thye neu khdng phai la cau dd ndi ve eac sy vat, boat ddng thudng dugc hgc sinh nhan biet va quan tam (cai but, cai tay, cai ban, trang sao, mat trdi, hgc, dge, viet ) Tam the eiia hgc sinh se neu chiing ta ddi ngQ lieu cau dd: Bdt dau thi be nhat nha Dau dudi bd het hda bee trdn De nguyen, minh lai thon thon Cimg cau trd nhd Ion ton tdi trudng (Giai dd: chu biit) thanh: Mgt miia la mng heo may Mgc rau tham hdi giai bay cimg Them huyen het ban cdn dau Sac vao chi loai ngua, trau, heo, bd (Giai dd: Chu thu, thu, thii, thii) NgQ lieu bai hgc duge xem la ed tfnh thiet thye dat nhiTng tinh hudng giao tiep thudng khien hgc sinh tim thay hinh anh cua chinh minh tinh hudng dd Tinh hudng giiip sinh nhu cau xir If va tao cd hdi ren luyen, phat trien kha nang giao tiep cho hgc sinh Vf du d bai tap: Ndi Idi dap cua em tinh hudng sau: - Bac ai, nha cd Nga a dau a? - Nha cd Nga canh day Nhung cd Nga di day hgc rdi, khdng cd nha dau! thi tinh hudng hdi tham nha thay cd giao, dugc ngudi xung quanh cho biet thay cd khdng cd nha la tinh hudng hgc sinh hay gap Tinh hudng dd dap Qng nhu cau can thiet eiia hgc sinh (dap lai Idi 21 TIM HIEU KIEN T H Q C '^'j phii djnh the nao cho Ijch sy) va vi the hgc sinh tiep nhan bai hgc rat hao hQng ThQ hinh dung sy quan tam eua hgc sinh vdi bai hgc ta thay tinh hudng giao tiep tren thanh: - Bac cho tdi hdi, nha cau lai xe a dau nhi? Thua dng giam ddc, cau ay khdng cd nha, cau ay vira di Ha Ndi rdi Ngu lieu cang sat vdi eugc sdng sinh boat, eugc sdng giao tiep ciia hgc sinh thi cang gia tang sy quan tam eua hgc sinh ddi vdi bai hgc Do dd, day hgc tieng Viet, nen tan dung nguon ngQ lieu tQ bai ndi, viet eua hgc sinh Khdng gi hieu qua bang viec hgc sinh ty sQa Idi ngdn ngQ (loi chinh ta, loi tu, cau ) chinh san pham giao tiep ciia minh NgQ lieu thiet thye la ngQ lieu mang tinh tich hgp cao, cd tac dung md rgng kien thQc cho hgc sinh ve nhieu mat Djnh hQdng tfch hgp day hgc tieng Viet d Tieu hgc duge the hien rat rd qua he thdng ngu lieu ma sach giao khoa cung cap NgQ lieu khdng chi giup hgc sinh nam kien thuc tieng Viet, ren kl nang sQ dung tieng Viet ma cdn giup hieu biet nhieu dieu ve cude sdng (ve van hgc, nghe thuat, Ijch su, dja Ii, van hda, the thao ) Vi du, ngQ lieu dQdi day ren cho hgc sinh kl nang viet dung chinh ta ddng thdi mang den cho hgc sinh nhQng cam nhan sau sac ve ve dep binh, yen a, tho mong ciia lang que Viet Nam: Que huang la cau tre nho Me ve ndn la nghieng che Que huang la dem trang td Hoa cau rung trang ngoai them NgQ lieu cd the vQa giup nhan dien ve the loai van ke chuyen, vQa ket hgp cung cap kien thye dja Ii, Ijch su: Hd Ba Be nam giira bdn be vach da, tren cao 1200 met so vdi muc nude bien Chieu dai ciia hd bSng mot buoi cheo thuyen ddc mgc Hai ben hd la nhudng nggn nui cao chia hd ba phan lien nhau: Be Lam, BeLeng, BeLu Mong thang nam 1945 - mgt dang ghi nhd Ha Ndi tung bimg mau dd Mgt viing trdi bat ngat cd, den, hoa va bieu ngit Hay tranh thii mgi thgi diem gio Tieng Viet de trang bj cho hgc sinh nhQng hieu biet can thiet qua ngQ lieu Don gian nhQ vdi bai tap yeu cau hgc sinh xae djnh cau kieu Ai la gi?, ngu lieu sau that xung dang de lya chgn: 22 TIM HIEU KIEN THUC Hue la mgt nhurng trung tam van hda, nghe thuat Idn ciia Viet Nam Hue la phd ciia nhitng manh vudn xinh dep Nhirng vudn hoa, cay canh, vudn cay an qua ciia Hue xanh mudt nhu nhirng vien nggc Hue cdn la phd dau tranh kien eudng Thang Jam nam 1945, Hue da dirng len cung ca nude, che phong kien ngan nam sup dudi chan Hue Ngay mgt bai tap chinh ta cung cd the tranh thii cung cap tri thye Ijch sQ, giup hgc sinh hieu ban ve nhQng anh dan tdc, vidu: Dien s hoac x vao cho rdi giai dd: Ai tirng ddng cgc tren sdng Danh tan thuyen giac, nhugm hong sdng xanh? Vua nao than tdc quan hanh Miia xuan dai pha quan Thanh tai bdi? Viec nam bat nhieu thdng tin If thu tQ nguon ngQ lieu gdp phan lam tang hQng thii hgc tap tieng Viet ciia hgc sinh Kieu ngQ lieu ed tfnh tfch hgp nhu the vQa ed tac dung minh hga, cimg ed tri thye tieng Viet, ren kl nang sQ dung tieng Viet, vya cung cap kien thQc kha toan dien ve ty nhien va xa hdi cho hgc sinh Cung xuat phat ty quan diem day hgc tich hgp nham tang tinh thiet thye cho ndi dung hgc tap, viec sQ dung ngQ lieu bai hgc tieng Viet can dam bao nguyen tac day tieng Viet gan vdi day nghia NgQ lieu day am chQ phai gan am, chu vdi eac tieng, tQ ed nghia ma hgc sinh thudng gap Ngu lieu day chinh ta cung phai thdng qua nhQng tieng, tQ, cau, van ban ed nghia, duge hgc sinh hieu nghia, tQ dd ed the lay lam mau ngdn ngQ cho boat ddng giao tiep thQdng Vf du ngQ lieu chinh ta phan biet ch/tr khdng nen su dung cac tQ ngQ nhu tran chau, gigt chau, chan chi hat bdt, then chuyen phan trac (vi ngQ lieu khd hieu va it diing ddi vdi hgc sinh tieu hgc) Khi sach giao khoa da cung cap nguon ngQ lieu quy bau vdi dung y md mang kien thQc cho hgc sinh thi giao vien can phai khai thac nghia eua eac ngQ lieu, tdi uu hda tac dung eiia ngu lieu, lam cho hgc sinh hieu dugc nhieu dieu tQ ngu lieu Vi du, ngQ lieu luyen viet Qng dung d Idp phan Idn la ten rieng ehi danh nhan, dja danh ciia dat nude hay cac cau tuc ngQ, ca dao de di vao Idng ngQdi Hgc sinh se mudn viet nhieu lan, viet that dep nhQng cai ten An Duong Vudng, Ngd Quyen, Le Lgi, Quang Trung, Mac Thj Budi, Tan Trao, Thang Long, Nha Rdng neu biet dd la ten nhQng ngudi anh hiing dan tdc, ten nhung dia danh than thuge gan vdi bao sy kien lich sQ oai ciia dat nude Cae em se hao hQng viet chQ hoa N, G va viet Qng dung Ngudi ta la hoa dat, Gid dua canh triic la da I Tieng chudng Tran Vu, canh ga Thg Xuang 23 TJM HIEU KIEN THL/C "^ neu thay cd giup cac em hieu cau tue ngQ da de cao gia trj ngudi (con ngudi la hoa, la phan tinh tiiy nhat eiia trai dat), cau ca dao da nggi ca canh dep va cude sdng binh tren dat nude ta Hgc sinh nao khdng vui viet dugc va hieu duoc nhQng gi minh da viet NgQ lieu thiet thye la ngQ lieu mang tinh tiet kiem, nghia la vdi dung luong it nhat ed the luyen duoc nhung kinang Tieng Viet nhieu nhat Dd la nhQng ngQ lieu cd tan sd sQ dung cao ve mgt hien tugng ngdn ngu can day hgc (hoac nhieu hien tugng ngdn ngQ can day hgc dQgc nen tdi da mgt ngu lieu cd dai tdi thieu) Ngu lieu cd dau hieu ddng thdi keo theo tac dung cimg cd va ren luyen kien thQc, kl nang tieng Viet cho hgc sinh mgt each rat hieu qua Vf du, neu lay lam ngu lieu de ren luyen kl nang dge va viet dung l/n thi nhQng ngQ lieu sau dugc xem la tdt: Tdi lam nghe chd dd da nam nam Vdi chiec thuyen nan lenh denh mat nude, qua thang khac, tdi cham lo dua khach qua lai tren khiic sdng Tdi thuoc Idng nai nao Idng song ndng sau, nai nao nude thudng chay xiet - Nam non nude nai nai Am dep Idng ngudi lua lo (tro) lung linh -Ld/nd lo lang nau nung Luyen ludi lanh Igi la Idng lang lang - Anh nudi lam lung ben bep lira, vira nau vira nem het nira ndi Ddi vdi bai tap dien dau cau vao chd trd'ng, can lya chgn cau, doan ngan nhung ed nhieu vi tri trd'ng, tQc la ed the luyen sQ dung nhieu dau cau mgt ngQ lieu tiet kiem Vi du, d chd trong ngQ lieu: Me da mua sach cho chua a ehi xuat hien nhat mgt dau cau ket thiic Trong ngQ lieu kieu: Bdai me da mua cho may thir sach biit phan chua a lai ed the sQ dung dau cau tdi 5,6 lan Ngu lieu dugc xem la thiet thye hdn Ngu lieu thiet thye la ngQ lieu mang tinh dien hinh cho mdi khai niem ngdn ngQ dQgc nghien cQu Theo djnh hudng day hgc hien dai, mgt nhQng nhiem vu quan trgng eiia hgc sinh la phai ty phat hien tri thye mdi - ty hinh khai niem, quy tac tieng Viet dudi sy ggi y cua giao vien thdng qua he thdng cau hdi phan tich ngQ lieu Mudn thye hien tdt djnh hudng nay, giao vien phai dya vao ngQ lieu dien hinh, lay ngQ lieu lam diem tya de lay nhung hien tugng ngdn ngQ nao dd Ngu lieu dien hinh la ngu lieu minh hga rd rang nhat, day dii nhat cho nhQng dau hieu eiia khai niem, quy tac ngdn ngQ can hgc NgQ lieu khdng tieu bieu hay ngu lieu trung gian se gay nen sy hoang mang, sy rac rdi cho hgc sinh van de ITnh hdi bai hgc Chang ban, hinh 24 TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C bieu tugng ve don vj ty, khdng phai vdi bat ki td hgp nao ehung ta cung ed the yeu cau hgc sinh tieu hgc xae dinh dd la mgt ty hay hai ty, khdng phai bat ki cau nao cung cd the dua yeu cau cac em phan eat don vj ty Vi vay, trudc het, chung ta phai chgn cac tQ tieu bieu, de dang dugc cac nha Viet ngu hgc cho rang dd la mgt tQ Tdt nhat la dQa cac doan van khdng ed nhQng td hgp trung gian, khd xae dinh la mgt hay nhieu tQ Cac tQ dua d day duge chgn Igc thuge trudng hgp dd xae dinh dudng ranh gidi chiing d cau Dd la trudng hgp tQ lay, vf du: long lanh, xinh xan, tu ghep ngiu hgp, vi du: tac ke, bd hdng Do la trudng hgp tQ ghep dien hinh, bao gom ty ghep cd ft nhat mgt hinh vi khdng ddc lap nhu xanh le, di, thang tap, ty ghep biet lap kieu nhu: tai bong (dc xe), chan vit (ciia tau thuy), canh ga (hai ben san khau), dau rudi (mgt bd phan ciia sung), (quat) tai voi, (ed) la sen {(i ghep hgp nghia ca the', kieu nhu: cam nude, nha cira, thuyen be, chg bua ty ghep phan nghia mgt chieu cac hinh vi ty cd nghia tao nen nhung hinh thQc cau tao chat che nhu: may bay, may tien, nha may, xe dap eac ty ghep Han Viet kieu nhu: chinh quyen, hgc sinh, giao vien Khi hinh khai niem cau ghep, khdng nen dua vf du: Neu la chim tdi se la loai bd cau trang I Neu la hoa tdi se la mgt dda hudng duang I Neu la may tdi se la mgt vang may am I La ngudi tdi se chet cho que huang (Sach giao khoa Tieng Viet 5) Khi hinh khai niem bien phap tu tu so sanh cho hgc sinh tieu hgc thi ngu lieu: Khi ca vang khe udn lung thi dudi xde rgng nhu mgt dai lua mau da cam dien hinh ban ngu lieu: Hdn tdi la mgt vudn hoa la vi hinh anh so sanh d ngu lieu sau chua lam rd ban chat cua phep so sanh: ddi chieu hai sy vat cd net tuong ddng Tdm lai nhung ngQ lieu thiet than vdi ddi sdng hgc sinh, dien hinh cho mgt hien tugng ngdn ngQ duge nghien cQu, ed nhieu Igi the giao tiep dugc xem la ngu lieu thiet thye Chung se dem lai nhieu Igi fch cho hgc sinh viec nam tri thQc If thuyet, ren kl nang sQ dung tieng Viet, cung cap them kien thQc cude sdng cho cae em Lira chon ngiirlieu thii vj Lya chgn ngQ lieu thii vj nghTa la ngQ lieu duge lya chgn de day hgc phai phan anh dugc sy thu vi ciia ddi tugng hgc tap - Tieng Viet, van chuong Khdng cd dudng nao khac de lam sinh va tri hyng thu cua hgc sinh vdi tieng Viet va van hgc ngoai each giup cac em thay dugc su thu vj, ve dep va kha nang ki dieu eua ehfnh ddi tugng hgc tap tieng Viet, van chuong Bai hgc se trd nen hap din, tao hyng thu hgc tap tieng Viet cho hgc sinh neu chung ta ed y 25 TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C thuc sQ dung ngQ lieu chQa dQng ndi dung hap din NgQ lieu hap dan ve ndi dung nd phan anh dQgc nhung dac diem thu vj ciia ngdn ngQ, ciia tieng Viet, lam cho hgc sinh ham thfeh tim hieu ndi dung bai hgc Ngdn ngQ Ii thii mgt phan nhd tinh da tri - mgt ddn vj am ngdn ngQ, Qng vdi nhung ngQ canh khac nhau, cd the mang nhQng gia tri (gia trj nghia, tQ each tu loai, chQc nang cu phap ) khdng gidng Hien tQgng ddng am, nhieu nghia da minh hga rd net tinh da trj ciia tin hieu ngdn ngQ Trong bai hgc tieng Viet, ngQ lieu nen phan anh dQgc dac tinh Bai tap phan tich nghia eiia cau se thu vj neu giao vien sQ dung ngQ lieu ddng am, dac biet la ddng am cu phap Vi du: Day ddng am ma chgn nhQng cau: Con rudi dau mam xdi dau Ho mang bd vao rirng, Hoa mua a ben dudng, Nhieu ban gai dang miia hat rat hay, Chimg tdi hgc qua lea, Me di chg chieu mdi ve chac chan thii vj hon chgn hai cau: Em thich an xdi dau, Con chim dau tren canh Bai tap ve tu loai ma chgn cac tQ da tQ loai chQa hien tQgng chuyen loai eua tQ tieng Viet nhu hay, ken, can hoac nhQng cau van: Cai can can khdng dung vi dat khdng can, Cai dye dye vao be lam nude due ca len rdi, Nd dimg gaeh gaeh mgt dudng vang sam nhu gaeh cua, Tdi xa nha da lau, lam nghe quay xa det lua d nai rat xa chac chan la thii vj ban chgn cac tQ hgc tap, nha cira HQng thu eiia hgc sinh cung dQOc khoi day tQ viec chi' ve dep ciia mgt tQ, cai hay ciia mgt tinh tiet truyen, chang ban: Tieng hot ciia chim chien chien khdng phai riu rit, thot ma nggt ngao, long lanh, chan chira thi mdi gay an tugng Hoa sau rieng nd tim ngat chQ khdng phai ehi' tim ngat hay ngan ngat Nhu the thi mdi cd ca mau hoa, huong hoa ehi' mgt tQ Tinh tiet ngudi me cho hd nude ddi mat ciia minh de tim dudng den chd Than Chet ddi tra lai chuyen Ngudi me eua An-dec-xen den cdn lay ddng tam can biet bao ngudi Ngay ca nhung van de Ii thuyet ngQ phap khd khan cung deu cd the' gay hQng thu cho hgc sinh neu chung ta biet khai thac nhQng dac diem thii vj ciia tieng Viet Chang ban dd la mdi quan he giQa kieu nghia va cau tao tQ, gia tri ggi ta ggi cam eua Idp tQ lay, quy luat chuyen nghia cua tQ nhieu nghia, kha nang tao nhQng dinh danh nghe thuat, ddng nghia kep ciia hien tugng ddng nghia, sy bat ngd thu vi ciia hien tugng ddng am Ngdn ngQ cd tinh nang san cao, tQ mgt hay mgt vai yeu td ngdn ngQ, cd the tao lap dQgc nhieu ket hgp ngdn ngQ khac (tQc la, mgt yeu td ngdn ngQ cd kha nang xuat hien nhieu ket hgp ngdn ngQ khac nhau) NgQ lieu tieng Viet trd nen hap dan the hien tfnh nang 26 TJM HIEU KIEN THL/C san eiia ngdn ngQ Do dd, nhiem vu he thdng hda vdn tQ, bai tap tim tQ theo dac diem cau tao (tim tQ hoac ngQ, tuc ngu ed chung mgt tieng hoac tQ) tang thii vj ehung ta chgn ngu lieu cho bai tap la nhung tieng, tu ed tfnh nang san cao Vi du, tieng hgc, tQ tay hoan toan trd ngQ lieu hap din eac bai tap: Tim cac tir cd chung tieng hoc, Tim ngu:, tuc ngu: cimg chira tir tay Vi tieng hgc ed mat rat nhieu tu ngQ: hgc ba, hgc bong, hgc cu, hgc ddi, hgc dudng, hgc gao, hgc gia, hgc hanh, hoc hdi, hgc ki, hgc tdm, hgc phi, hoc sinh, hgc tap cdn tQ fay xuat hien nhieu ngu, tuc ngQ: Niem vui gap ban; Tay bat mat mirng Ludi - ddi, chang sai; Tay quai mieng trd An tieu vd chQng; Vung tay qua tran SQc lye tudi tre; Khoe chan manh tay SQc khoe cd han; C/?an yeu (ay mem Ndng dan cay cay; C/7anfcunfay/am Quan If bac tien; Tay hdm chia khoa Con nhd vudng ban; Tay be tay bong Hanh If nhieu qua; Tay xach nach mang Sy cd danh dimg; Trd tay khdng kip Vach tdi rd rang; Chi (tan) tay, day (tan) tran Ngudi ve cdi chet; Nham mat xudi tay Sd lugng cd ban; Dem dau ngdn tay Du kfch dan day; Tay khdng bat giac Gidi giang td bay; Kheo tay hay mieng Lam khdng Id mat: Nem da giau tay Trot Id gay chuyen; Tay da nhung cham MQng chang hay; Miia tay bi Sai ngudi khac lam; Chi tay nam ngdn Ban hay ngim nghi: Cdn may cai tay? Cd lam mdi sdng; Tay lam ham nhai NgQ lieu hap din ngoai kha nang phan anh sy thu vj ciia ngdn ngQ ndi chung, cdn phan anh dQgc net ddc dao eiia rieng tieng Viet Tieng Viet thuoc loai hinh ngdn ngu don lap Khac vdi nhieu ngdn ngQ, phuong thQc ngQ phap chu yeu eua tieng Viet la phuong thQc trat ty ty Do vay, vj tri ciia ty cau la mgt can cu quan trgng de xae djnh y nghia va chQc vu cu phap ciia tQ Khi xay dyng bai tap cho mach kien thQc, kl nang ve tQ va cau, yeu cau hgc sinh sap xep cac tQ cho trudc de tao cau, nen chgn nhQng tQ tiem tang kha nang sap xep theo nhieu kieu khac nhau, tao nhieu cau mang nghia khac NgQ lieu cho bai tap nay, neu la cae tQ tdi, rat, an, mudn, cam se khdng the Ii thu bang eac tQ sao, nd, khdng, den, bao Bdi vi vdi ngQ lieu dau, hgc sinh chi cd mgt dap an nhat: Tdi rat mudn an cam Trong vdi tu sao, nd, khong, den, bao, tieng Viet cd kha nang tao tren 50 cau khac va minh hga sang rd cho vai trd CLia trat ty ty cau tieng Viet (trat ty ty thay ddi, dan den y nghia eua tQ, cua cau thay ddi): Sao nd bao khdng den? Sao bao nd khdng den? Sao khdng bao nd den? Sao khdng den bao nd? Sao nd khdng bao den? Sao den, khdng bao no? Khi day hgc mach kien thQc, kl nang: 27 TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C Thanh phan cau va kinang nhan dien phan cau, nen sQ dung ngu lieu la mgt cap cau dugc phan biet ve nghia trat ty tu cau khac (mac dii tQ ngu tao nen hai cau la nhu nhau) Vl du: Ban Hai an cam chua? I Ban Hai chua an cam I Bao gid ban dugc nghi he? I Ban dugc nghi he bao gid? I Liic tam tuoi, Tran Dang Khoa hay lam tha ndi ve em gai minh I Tran Dang Khoa hay lam tha ndi ve em gai minh liic tam tuoi Tieng Viet la ngdn ngQ ed dieu, dieu ed tac dung nhan dien nghia ciia tQ NgQ lieu day hgc tieng Viet, nhat la cac bai thuge mach kien thQc, kl nang: NgQ-am, chit viet, chinh ta va kl nang viet dimg chinh ta, can the hien dac diem Bai tap dien dau nen tinh den nhung ngu lieu chQa cae tQ mang nghia khac dieu khac Vi du: 76/ nghi la chimg ta can nghi lai mgt horn, Me bao mai cd bao, Chii se sebay ve to ciia minh" (Yeu cau dien dau nga hoac hdi tren chQ in nghieng) SQ dung ngQ lieu phan anh sy thii vj eiia ngdn ngQ va tieng Viet, ngoai y nghia hap dan hgc sinh ve nhan thQc, cdn tao khdng thi dua sdi ndi Idp hgc, hgc sinh cd co hdi thi dua phat hien nhung nghia khac ciia ngQ lieu da nghia, huy ddng nhanh vdn tQ cua minh cac tQ cung cau tao, tim kiem ngQ, tuc ngQ cung chQa tu ngQ nao dd LUa chon ngOrlieu c6 hinh thifc sinh dong NgQ lieu nhieu hap dan hgc sinh cdn bdi hinh thQc sinh ddng ciia nd Tat nhien, hinh thQc sinh ddng ludn di lien vdi mgt ndi dung If thu Hien nay, day hgc tieng Viet cd xu hudng sQ dung ngQ lieu van hgc dan gian (truyen cugi, giai thoai, cau dd, cau ddi, tuc ngQ, ca dao, van van, bai hat ) vao cae bai hgc NgQ lieu van hoc dan gian vQa ngan ggn, vua la miu ngdn ngQ dien hinh minh hga hien tugng ngdn ngQ can day hgc (ddi tryc tiep neu len kinh nghiem sQ dung ngdn ngQ), vQa la phuong tien de gay dugc hQng thu hgc tap cho hgc sinh Vui cQdi la mgt nhu cau phu hgp vdi mgi ddi tugng hgc nude ngoai, nhieu nha giao due da quan tam den bien phap day hgc ngdn ngQ qua truyen cu&i Trong cudn Practical Techniques for Language teaching, tac gia viet: Giii'a bai tap cd ich va su hai hudc khdng phai liic nao cung cd su each biet manh me Nhirng giao vien gioi thudng cd gang dam bao chac chan ring: Nhieu hoat ddng cd su ket hgp ciia ca hai thi cang tdt [ ] Neu hgc sinh can phai lam mgt bai viet ve ngiirphap, tai khdng tao nhiJmg vi du gay cudi? Day la kinh nghiem quy bau vdi chiing ta NgQ lieu day hgc tieng Viet mgt cd tfnh hai hudc se phu hgp vdi sd thfeh vui cudi eiia hgc sinh, dd de hap dan eac em va giup nang cao hieu qua day hoc Vi du nhQng cau ndi cd van de sau day: Hgp tac xa rang Igi, Vimg nui phia bac cd dao thai mdng, Tdi rao 28 TIM HIEU KIEN THUC budc di bien xuang trim ngap Den cong trudng, xuang van day dac, Em rat thich an mdn trimg gian Ngan ggn nhung dii de khac sau Idi chinh ta (Idi viet hoa, Idi lin Idn s/x, r/gi) Loi chinh ta din den bien ddi nghia, tao hien tugng ddng am thu vj da lam ndi dung cau ndi trd nen hai hudc, nhiem vu hgc tap theo dd cung nhe nhang ma tham thia Nen dua vao gid hgc tieng Viet nhQng truyen eugi dan gian ngan ggn, If thu, phii hgp trinh hgc sinh, giup cae em giai thich hien tugng ngdn ngQ hoac khac sau kl nang sQ dung ngdn ngQ Tat ca cac mach kien thQc kl nang tieng Viet chuong trinh tieu hgc deu ed the khai thac triet de ngu lieu truyen cudi Chang ban, truyen cudi Ti ghi bai nhac nhd hgc sinh ve kl nang nghe - wef chfnh ta: Gid Chinh ta, cd giao dge: Sau can mi/a, canh dong ngap day nWde Too thay Ti viet vao vd: Sau corn mWa, canh dong ngap day nWdc cham (1) Ti da chua quen nghe dge dau cau bai chfnh ta nghe - viet, thQ viet dau cham chQ cham vao bail Truyen cuOi Ghet lai luu y hgc sinh kien thQc ty loai va kl nang sQ dung tQ dimg tQ loai: Trong gid Luyen tifva cau, cd giao yeu cau hgc sinh dat cau vdi cac tir chi trang thai nhu yeu, ghet cam thu, Teo xung phong: Thua cd, em dat cau cd tir ghet la: Tai ban Ti day ghet al (2) TQ truyen cuOi nay, hgc sinh tranh dugc Idi nham ddng tQvdi danh tQ Cdn vdi truyen cudi Khdng lap tir, giao vien cd the dua vao day md rgng vdn tQ theo chii de mudng thd, hoac day ve Idp tQ ddng nghia, ve phep lien ket cau: Sau tim dugc cac tir ciing chi ve ho (ho, cgp, hum, ong ba muai), cd giao yeu cau hgc sinh viet doan van ngan ndi ve loai ho, chii y khdng nen viet cau nao cung cd tir ho Ti viet: Ho la loai thii du an thit nen cgp cd bd mdng vudt rat sac Nhieu khi" hum cdn vd ca ngudi di dudng Ong ba muai moi lan chi de mgt (3) Ndi dung day hgc tieng Viet cd the rat sinh ddng nhd ngu lieu la mgt giai thoai (cau chuyen thu vi lien quan den van de sQ dung ngdn ngQ ciia mgt nhan vat cd that) Vi du giai thoai ve Nguyen Cdng TrQ lien quan den tai nghe sQ dung tQ ddng am (tQ bd): Nguyen Cdng TrQ hgc gidi nhung lan dan khoa cQ Nghe den thd ba chua Lieu Hanh rat thieng, cau gi duge nay, dng den hQa se te dii ba bd neu thi dau Nam ay, dng dd giai nguyen nhung nha ngheo qua, khdng the thye hien dugc Idi hQa Ong nghi mgt each: Ong den trudc den, bd qua bd lai ba lan, rdi dQng day ndi: Tdi da te ba dii ba bd rdi day! Cdn day la giai thoai sinh ddng ve Xuyp - nha van Anh (1667 1745): Ngay ng, cd mgt chu be mang den cho Xuyp mdn qua va ndi: Day! Ong chu tdi girl dng cai gid nay! Xuyp khdng hai Idng nhung vin dn tdn: Chau hay lai day de bac day chau each trao qua cho lich su Chau hay tudng tugng chau la nha van cdn bac la chii be trao qua Xuyp nghieng dau, nga mu chao ehii be: Thua dng, chu tdi ggi la cd chiit qua mgn giri bieu dng, 29 TJM HIEU KIEN THL/C mong dng nhan cho! Chu be keu len: (^ Chau ngoan lam! Chau ve ndi vdi dng chit la bac rat cam an! Xuyp pha len cudi, dm hdn chu be That la mgt cau chuyen sinh ddng ve quy tac giao tiep va kinang ren nghi thQc giao tiep thdng thudng - ndi Idi khen nggi, cam on! Cau (thudng cd hinh thQc van van) cung la mgt dang ngQ lieu sinh dgng day hgc tieng Viet d Tieu hgc Sach giao khoa Tieng Viet da chu y dQa cau dd vao bai hgc, tao sy cudn hut vdi hgc sinh: Con gi mao dd I Long mugt nhu ta I Sang sdm tinh ma I Ggi ngudi thirc day? (ngu lieu tap dge Idp 1), Tren trdi cd gieng nude I Con kien chang Igt, ong chang vao (ngQ lieu chinh ta Idp 3) Cau dd, ngoai vai trd lam ngQ lieu cdn kfch thfeh hgc sinh nhu cau tim hieu eugc sdng, giai dap cau hdi dat ngu lieu (mac du giai dap cau dd ddi khdng phai la yeu cau bat budc), tQ dd giiip hgc sinh luu giQ ndi dung hgc tap ben vQng hdn Trudc day, ngudi hgc tQng ghi nhd Idi nhan hda nhQng cau dd kieu: Rang nhai da / Bung uong dau I Chom rau mgc ngugc tren dau I He rang nhai da thi dau chay rau (Giai dd: cai bat lua) Bien phap nhan hda dugc sQ dung d cau dd nham danh lac hudng lien tudng eua ngudi tiep nhan, gay hQng thu cho hoat ddng giai dd Chinh vi the, ngQ lieu minh hga cho mach kien thQc, kl nang ve cac bien phap tu tQ nen triet de' khai thac nguon ngQ lieu Vf du: Chep lai cac cau cd hinh anh so sanh tirng cau dd dudi day: Chim gi lieng tua thoi dua Bao mua xuan dep say sua giijra trdi? - Bdn chan nhu bdn cot nha Hai tai ve vay, hai nga trang phau Vdi dai vat tren dau Trong rirng thich sdng vdi tirng dan (La eon gi?) (Luu y, cau dd vdi tu each ngQ lieu khdng ddng nhat vdi cau dd vdi tu each bai tap (trong chQc nang la phan lenh giao nhiem vu hgc tap) Ndi ve ngu lieu sinh ddng cdn phai ke tdi hinh thQc cau ddi Cau ddi la dinh cao ve nghe thuat chdi chQ ciia ngudi Viet Cd nhieu each choi chQ: choi chQ bang each dao tQ, dao ngQ, bang hien tugng ddng am, ddng nghia, trai nghia, da nghia, choi chu bang each tach tQ, chiet ty Do dd, kho ngQ lieu dan gian, cau ddi la mgt hinh thQc minh hga kha day du cho mach kien thQc, kl nang: Am - chit va kl nang viet chir, Dan vi tir - cau va kl nang phan cat ranh gidi tir, cau, Cac Idp tir vung the hien ndi dung tieng Viet qua cau ddi gdp phan lam tang thu hgc tap cho hgc sinh Chac chan nhung ngQ lieu nhu: Con ngua da ngua da, ngua da khdng da 30 TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C ngua, Khdi thi dugc an, an cha dugc Cha thi an dugc, cha dugc an hap dan hon nhQng ngQ lieu: Con ngua gia vd da that manh I Birc tugng dugc lam bang da, Me tdi lam mdn cha rat ngon I Tdi cha mudn nghe hat nua NgQ lieu dQdi hinh thQc ca dao, tuc ngit, van van cung dugc xem la ngu lieu sinh ddng Sach giao khoa Tieng Viet hien hanh rat chu y dua vao bai hgc ngQ lieu lay tQ ngudn tue ngQ, ea dao dac sac ciia dan tdc day, ehung tdi mudn ban nhieu ban den ngQ lieu dQdi hinh thQc van van Day hgc truge day da tUng sQ dung van van de phd bien kien thQc ngdn ngQ va da thu dugc ket qua nhat djnh Thdi ma Han ty cdn la qud'e ty, dng ba ta da ghi nhd am nghia chQ Han bang van van: Thien - trdi, dia - dat, cir - cat, tdn - cdn, tir - con, tdn - chau, luc - sau, tam - ba, gia nha, quoc - nude {Tam thien tu) Thdi ki Binh dan hgc vu, dan tri thap nhung nhg tho tuyen truyen, dan ta nhanh chdng ghi nhd mat chQ, diet dugc giac ddt: trdn nhu qua trirng ga thdi ddi ndn, cf thdi them rau 0, a, hai chit khac Vi a cd cai mdc cau ben minh I, tc/gidng mdc ca hai I ngan cd cham, tddai, cd ngang Khi hgc ngoai ngQ, nhieu ngudi cung tao nhQng cau van ve de giup minh, giup mgi ngudi cung day nhanh qua trinh hgc tap: Pa-pa tieng goi la cha Ma-me la me, nha la me-ddng Lorn: ngu&i pham: vcf, eh/: xa En- xet: ong vai, phyng thd: la-kin (Trong tieng Phap, tQ papa (dge la pa-pa) cd nghia: cha, mamere (dge la ma-me) ed nghia: me, maison (dge la me-ddng) cd nghia: nha, Ihome (dge la lom) cd nghia: ngudi, femme (dge la pham) cd nghia: vg, coeu (dge la xa) cd nghia: chi, encettre (dge la en-xet) cd nghia: dng vai, to tien, le quine (dge la la-kin) cd nghia: phung tha ) Kinh nghiem tren can Qng dung vao day hgc van d Tieu hgc Vf du, vdi nhQng ndi dung can ghi nhd: chQ e mgt net that tao nen, am e cd tieng be, me, ve, xe chQ b gom net khuyet tren va net that, am b ghep vdi am e tieng be, rat nhieu tieng md dau bang am b: be, ba, bdng, budi, be cd the chuyen tai qua hinh thQc van ve sinh ddng: 31 TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C Bdcao, e thap, la sao! Gidng net that ghep vao be Be, me, ve lai ca xe Deu cung can cd am e mdi tai Be, ba, bong, bifdi, ban, bai Am bd dirng trudc chang sai chiit nao\ - Sgi day vat cheo, ban ai! Cd net that, nhu thdi chir e Giao vien cung cd the dimg nhQng van luc bat sau de cung cap kien thQc am, van, cho hgc sinh giai doan dau den trugng: Huyen, sac net so khac chi! Huyen nghieng sang trai, sac thi ngugc ben Be them sac bien hda lien Thanh be- ten ggi rat hien cho em Khe, ca, ia xin ke them Khi viet, dau saedi kem, ban ai! Ngay d nhQng bai: Lam quen vdi am, van yeu cau ve kien thQc dat vdi hgc sinh Idp khdng ban nhe nhang bai 4, cae em phai ghi nhd nhieu ndi dung tieng Viet: Dau hdi la mgt net mdc (Dau hdi gidng cai mdc cau dat ngQgc, gidng cai cd ngdng, gidng cai vanh tai ) - Dau hdi (thanh hdi) cd eac chQ (tieng): gid, ho, thd, md, Dau nang la mgt net cham (Dau nang gidng mgt hat cat mau den, gidng mgt vi dem ) - Dau nang (thanh nang) cd cac chQ (tieng): cu, nu, qua, eg, ngua Chu ibe them dau hdi be {be ngd, be co ao, be banh da ) them dau nang be (be ngd, be cau, be dira, bap be ) - Dau hdi, dau nang dat tren chQ e Ndi dung day hgc dd can dugc ghi lai qua ngQ lieu cd van dieu sinh ddng: Dau hoi gidng cai vanh tai Gidng ca co ngdng vuan dai lang nghe Dau hdi dat tren chit e 32 TJM HIEU KIEN THL/C Cd chO: be Be gi? Be ngd Ho, tho, d nai md? Biet chang dau hoi dam td ten minh Dau nang tua hat cat den Cy, ny, qua, ngUa nang lien theo sau Be them nang, lai doi mau Thanh be, be chuoi, be cau, be difa Tuy nhien, bien phap sQ dung ngu lieu van ve ehi nen ap dung vdi hgc sinh dau bac tieu hgc, hd trg kha nang ghi nhd cac em chua thye thfeh yng vdi boat ddng hgc tap Bdi vi ngQ lieu de gay cho hgc sinh Idi hgc vet, ghi nhd bai hgc mgt each may mdc (dya vao quan he be ngoai nhu trat ty phat am, lien tudng gan ma khdng di sau vao ndi dung tai lieu) Se la thieu sdt neu ndi ve ngQ lieu sinh ddng day hgc tieng Viet ma khdng tfnh den ngu lieu dudi hinh thQc bai hat Bai hat mang lai cho ngudi nghe va ca ngudi hat nhung hyng thu va niem xue ddng manh me, sau xa Ca hat la nhu cau khdng the thieu cude sdng tinh than, la ngudn ham thfeh vdn ed ciia hgc sinh tieu hgc, cd tac dung kheu ggi tinh tfch eye, say me tim tdi, sang tao, tri tudng tugng phong phii, bdi dudng tinh cam tham ml cho cac em Thdng qua bai hat, ed the gQi gam nhQng ndi dung hgc tap can thiet, giup ndi dung hgc tap den vdi hgc sinh theo eon dudng ngan nhat, tdn ft sQc lye nhat Ndi ve gia tri cua hat gid hgc, nhieu nha giao due cho rang: Cho ca Idp hat - dd la mgt phuong tien rat tdt lam cbo ca Idp tuoi vui, phan khdi va hda dieu Ban nhan thay rang, ea Idp da met, lo dang, lam viec ue oai, da bat dau ngap vat va cau chf nhau, ban bat hat mgt bai hat ngan nao dd - va tat ea lai dau day, nang lye da phuc hdi va cae em lai hgc tap hang hai nhu trudc Hat la nghe thuat cua thinh giac, ludn ddi hdi boat ddng tryc tiep cua ngudi Hgc tieng Viet thdng qua ngu lieu bai hat se day nhanh dugc qua trinh nhan thQc Hgc mgt tam trang phan vdi nhQng xue cam chan va rung ddng sau sac bdi ve dep cua Idi ea, nhac dieu sinh ddng, ddc dao, bao gid cung gay an tugng tdt dep lOng hgc sinh, giup cac em ghi nhd bai hgc lau dai hdn Bai hat la mgt ngQ lieu hap din hgc sinh tieu hgc bdi nd phu hgp vdi kha nang, nhu cau, sd thfeh ciia eac em Cae tac gia sach giao khoa Tieng Viet tieu hgc dung y lya chgn ngQ lieu la cac van ban thd, van da dugc phd nhac, dd, giao vien cd dieu kien thuan Igi viec day hgc tieng Viet qua bai hat Khdng ehi suu tam cac bai hat cd phan Idi vdn la van ban bai hgc, giao vien can suu tam ca nhung bai hat cimg ehii de vdi van ban dugc hgc Vf du: d Idp 1, cd the minh hga bai dge Me va cd qua bai hat cung chii de: Liic d nha, me cung la cd giao Khi den trudng, cd giao nhu me hien minh hga bai Ban 33 TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C tay me qua Idi hat tha thiet ca nggi tinh miu tQ: Ban tay me be chimg Ban tay me cham chimg Cam an, tay me nau Nude uong, tay me dun \ Tham chf, gid chinh ta, mgt Idi hat mang ndi dung phu hgp nhe nhang vang len, ed gia tri lam nen cung tao them sinh cho Idp hgc Hgc sinh Idp se viet chinh ta bai Ban tay cd giao dung hdn, dep hon dugc nghe bai hat Ban tay cd giao (nhac Pham Tuyen, Idi thd Djnh Hai): Ban tay cd giao, tet tdc cho em Ve nha me khen tay cd den kheo vi cac em thay rung ddng, thau hieu ndi dung bai hgc SQ dung ngQ lieu la bai hat ed ndi dung phd bien tri thQc, kl nang lai cang can thiet vdi hgc sinh dau cap, vi cae em thuoc igi mgt bai hat de hon ghi nhd ndi dung bai hgc Hat lai vdn la boat ddng quen thuge vdi cac em tQ Idp miu giao va la hoat ddng dugc cac em yeu thich Vi vay, Idng ghep ndi dung bai hgc vao bai hat rat phu hgp day hgc tieng Viet cho Idp 1, Vi du, ed the giup hgc sinh ghi nhd nhung tieng, tQ chQa am b hgc ve am chQ b nhung dau den trudng bang bai hat Bup be bang bdng (Nhac va Idi: Le Qud'e Thang): Biip be bang bdng biet bay bay bay Bup be biet bd, biet bat, biet bai Han chung ta deu biet bai hat Em viet ten Bac Hd ciia ed nhac si Luu HQu PhQdc: Hd d hd, hd huyen Hd Chd i chi sac Chi I nhd inh md inh Minh (A! A! A!) Bac Hd Chi Minh Bac Hd Chi Minh Ngudi em yeu Ngudi em yeu Em yeu Bac Hd, em biet ten Bac Hd ciia em, em viet ten Bac Hd cua em U d nd udn, md udn mudn A md am, nd am nam Mudn nam Hd Chi Minh mudn nam \ Bai hat vQa dem den bai hgc ren kl nang tieng Viet (danh van, ghep van, dge tron tieng, lien tQ), vQa dang trao hgc sinh niem xue ddng sau xa, tinh cam thieng lieng, kinh ddi vdi lanh tu Dieu dd khdng kich thich hQng thu hgc tap duge! Bai hat la ngQ lieu cd the manh viec tac ddng tryc tiep den hQng thu hgc tap tieng Viet eiia hgc sinh tieu hgc Bai hat can ngan ggn, de thuge (hgc sinh cd the thuge lan dau lam quen) de khdng chiem nhieu thdi gian cua gid hgc, tranh tinh trang gid Tieng Viet trd gid hgc hat Khai thac triet de ngu lieu dan gian (truyen cudi, giai thoai, cau dd, cau ddi, ngu, tue ngQ, ea dao, bai hat ) day hgc tieng Viet la gdp phan tao sy hap din cho ndi dung hgc tap Ciing vdi ngQ lieu thiet thye va ngQ lieu phan anh sy thu vj ciia tieng Viet, ngu lieu dan gian vdi hinh thQc phong phu, sinh ddng da lam tang hQng thu hgc tap tieng Viet cho hgc sinh TAI LIEU THAM KHAO (1), (2), (3) Le Phuong Nga - Chuyen vui day hgc-HXB Giao due, H.2001 34 ... ngQ cung chQa tu ngQ nao dd LUa chon ngOrlieu c6 hinh thifc sinh dong NgQ lieu nhieu hap dan hgc sinh cdn bdi hinh thQc sinh ddng ciia nd Tat nhien, hinh thQc sinh ddng ludn di lien vdi mgt ndi... xung quanh cho biet thay cd khdng cd nha la tinh hudng hgc sinh hay gap Tinh hudng dd dap Qng nhu cau can thiet eiia hgc sinh (dap lai Idi 21 TIM HIEU KIEN T H Q C ''^''j phii djnh the nao cho Ijch... sdng sinh boat, eugc sdng giao tiep ciia hgc sinh thi cang gia tang sy quan tam eua hgc sinh ddi vdi bai hgc Do dd, day hgc tieng Viet, nen tan dung nguon ngQ lieu tQ bai ndi, viet eua hgc sinh