EGM MOIPHUVNGPHAPDANHCIANANGLUCDOC CUA HOC SINH TIEU HOC CAN DlffiC 0NG OUNG fi TRIfilNG TIEU HOC PGS TS NGUYEN TRI* Abstract EGRA (Early Grade reading Assessment) is a tool to assess reading skills o[.]
EGM-MOIPHUVNGPHAPDANHCIANANGLUCDOC CUA HOC SINH TIEU HOC CAN DlffiC 0NG OUNGfiTRIfilNG TIEU HOC PGS.TS N G U Y E N TRI* Abstract: EGRA (Early Grade reading Assessment) is a tool to assess reading skills of early primary grades aimounced by RTI (InsUtute for Intemationai Research) The focus of the article is to introduce the tools to measure component skills that form reading skills in leaming stage to read in proportion to leaming to read & write by primary students in grades 2, The article also presents the steps required to perform assessment of reading skills of Srst grade students from the sampling surveys, training of supervisors to organize the survey, processing collected data and writing reports The paper introduces two tests of EGRA in Vietnam implemented by SEQAP program in 2013 2014 In conclusion, this method should be taught in training elementary teacher schools and introduced in teacher training programs for primary school teachers for an objective and fair assessment of reading performance of students, and then given the specific interventions to develop these skills Nang luc dpc vacac p h u o n g p h ^ danh gia 1.1 Nang luc doc Trong nang luc sudung tieng V i ^ , eac nang luc dpc vietehidupc hinh vaphat trien qua mptqua trinh hpc tap lau dai va kho luyen Cac chuyen gia da chl ra, viec hinh va su dung nang luc dpc trai qua hai thdi ki vci cac muc tieu khae nhau: - Hpc de biet dpc; -Dpc de phuc vu viec hpc Theo nghien cdu cua cac nha khoa hpc d RTI (Vien Nghieneuuqu6ete},haithdikihinh nang luedpelaidupc ehia nhieu giai doan khae ung vdi cac cap hpc khac nhau, cdyeu cau vathehien khac dngucri hpc Cdthe tong hpp cac thdl ki va giaidoan hinh thanh, phattrien nang luc dpe nhusau (xem bang); Cae thdiki va giaidoan phat trien nang luc dqe ThAtahoc Cac giai Ooan iwc - Giat dofn T^n tiQC iMJng Tiidild hoc dgc - Gial (104n1;B4lilSii vio kjpl Cacy£udu Lim quen vdi cac hi ning (KN) ban ( ^ vi dqc Budc dau CO ning giii ma • Gtai dojn 2: Cudi ldp dfn Cung c6 va doc troi chay va kha ning giil m i cudlUpS Hoc duQc w/fl eikn nNn nidi kN -Giai 0^113: TiT ldp din glii m i UD8 Thdikiiloc -Glai«>fn4:Tnnghocph6 Hoc (UOC nhiiu diem nhn mdi Mi Mngvardmilkidaihoc giiimi vKcrxK -GB)dDw5 Cudi dai hoc v i Cd mOt DK g«S quan ^nan chinh sautfhoc Ket luan su pham nit tu bang 1: - Nang lue dpc dupc hinh va phai dupc quan tam ren luyen ptiat trien td hpc sinh (HS) mdi vao trudng tieu hpc eho den bac sau dai hoc Do dd, day HS hoe dpc va day cac em each dpc de hpc la nhiem vu (ki 1-10/2015)- eua nha Xnidnq mpi cap, bac hpc, cua mpi mdn hpc; - Moi giai doan phattrien nang luc dpe se cd cac yeu cau rieng va cd eac KN tuang un^ vdi eac muc dp yeu cau can dat dupc Khdng frie ndng vpi dot chay giai doan, bd qua bat ki KN nao hoac liat ki m dc dp nao can dat dupc; - Nang luc dpc dupc ngudi su dyng sudt nhdng nam thang ngoi tren ghenhabudnavatrongsudtcuocddi Cac nha khoa hpc ya thue tien ehira r i n g : Neu nang luc dpc kem se dSn tdi ket qua hpc tap kem, ehan hpc, bo hpe giira ehdng Ldn len thieu nang luc dpc, eon ngudi dd roi vao vdng luan quan cua ddi ngheo Chinh vi cae li tren, mpi nha tardng, mpi giao vien (GV) tat ca cac mdn hpe, dae biet d mdn Tieng Viet, mdn Nguvan can quan tam ren luyen, phattrien nang lue dpc cho HS 1.2 Cach dk}h gmanglucdgc cua HSti&jhgc tieu hpe, ngoai vipc thue hien each danh gia nang luc dpc theo hudng d i n cua Bd (nay la Thdng tu so 30/2014/TT-BGDDTngay28/8/2014),can apdung each danh gia cua cac chucmg trinh PASEC, READ, PISA, Chupng trinh danh gia dpc hieu d ldp Tuy nhien, cac each danh gia chu yeu la danh gia KN doc hieu, nghe hieu va viet cua HS cac Idp cudi caip tieu hpc Viec danh gia cac KN dpe cua HS cac kip dau cap lieu hpc (Idp 1,2,3) chua duoc ehu y T u nam 2013, Chuong trinh dam bao chat lupng giao due tmdng hpc da ap dyng thu nghiem danh gia KN dpe cda cae Idp dau cap teu hpc theo mdt phuong phap danh gia cd ten EGRA * Chuyin ^ a Cbimng trinh SEQflP, Bo GD-DT Tap chi Gido due so 367 I 23 , VdiQKnh phan tren, bp cdng cu EGRA ed the Gldl thieu phuomg phap EGRA danh gia I h a nang phat tnen cac KN bd phan cua nang luc dpc cua HS cac Idp dau cap tieu hoc ' fc, chl pac yeu kem, tudo cd the tim giai 2.1 EGRA va^ua trinh tht/c hien tren thegidi EGRAIatuviett^tcuacym tu Tieng Anh Eariy ph^Hacphuc nham nang cao nang luc dpc cho Grade Reading Assessment Dd'i tupng danh gia I d p ^ m t i e u h o c ^ cua phuong phap la cac KN dpc dthdi ki hpc de ^ ^ ^ I d n p cu dethu thap dulieu vengudiday va biet dpc cua HS cac Idp dau cap tieu hpc (tu Idp ngudihqcoao gom bang hoi cho ddi lupng: GV, HS, hieu tardng nham thu thap cac dac diem vlngi/oi den Idp 3) day, ngudihpc, ve nha tardng Cac dulieu tren diroc EQR^ai3mucieu:d^h gia, nhan dien cac vudng dung mac, khidge, dim cac can &\iep kip thdide khae phucl a r n i sd li giai cac dac diem ve KN dpc thanii phan.TJBcd ca sdde xuat giai phap khac phuc cac eac vudng mic cua cac KN dqc dcac lap dau c^.Mi vay, EGRA ed the trd cdng cy phuc vu dac luc idieua^HKN doc phan quatrinh day dpc cua tdng G V cung nhu eua cae cap 2.^Uhuat tliuc hien EGRA hon mau khao sat:\hisch\en\heoca.cqu'^ quan li giao dye (QLGD) Biet sudyng EGRA, G V ed lua viec chpn mau khao sat.Juy Iheo quy thebiettrinh cae KN dpc cua ldp minh den dau, cae •t se quyet dinh sd lupng mau can chon KN bp phan nao tdt, kem va each khic phye Biet su ap huan khao sat vien va giam sat vien dyng EGRA cae cap QLGD seed nhung Qiai p h ^ chl |ja KN dpc dau cap dupc tien hanh bdi cac daochuyen mdn kip thdi denang cao chatlupng, cac nh gia pham vi mpt lop) hoac bdi cac tae gia bien soan chuong trinh va sach giao khoa cd danh gia viln dudi SL/giam satcua cac giam sat vien nhijng cosd khoa hpcdebien soan, sua chda chinh li (neu danh gia dcac don vi Idn hon nhu huyen, tinh ehuong trinh, sach giao khoa Ti^g Viet hay qucj^ia) Viec danh gia EGRA thuc hien vdi Nam 2006, cac to chuc qudc te nhu USAID (eo tdngcaBi'^ HS khdng cdsu tro giup cua bat kiai, quan Phattrien quoe te Hoa Ki), WB (Ngan hang TheChinh v j e , neu dung EGRA danh gia d cac cap gidi) nhantiiaycd sy bat cap each danh gia QLGD^H huyen, tinh, qudc gia, viec huan luyen nang luc sddyng ngdn ngd Phan Idn cae b£u danh gia caedaiit»ivien, giam satvien cdvaitrdquan trpng, quoc gia hay qude techi la nhung bai viet vdi gia dinh laCac dai^Bia vien phai dupc huan luyen kl thuat sd HSdabiet dpc, biet viet Cae bai danh gia ehi ijanhdyng 9^Bih phan ciJa bp cdng cu mdt each thuan cho HSIdp4 trd len Cac ketqua danh gia chl dua rathi^^fflhuchien han che den mdc toida sukhac k^t luan HS kem hay kha, nhunq khdng chi dupe b ^ ^ S c danii gia vien khac danh gia nguyen nhan nao, khdng hieu kienfriuehay nang luc J)c cua tung HS, Cac giam sat vien dupc khdng hi&'u van ban Td don dat hang cua USAID, huan^^Hde thuc hien nhiem vu giam sal hoat dong WB, cac chuyen gia Vien nghien cdu quoc te d a n l ^ ^ H cac danh g^ia vien dung kTthuat, bao dam (RTI) daphattriCTibpcdng cy danh gia KNdpcdaucEf) sUkiiacnBian, cdng bang (EGRA) Sau nhieu nam ^yc nghiem dmdtsd'nudc, 2.3^3!met qua thu duac sau khao sat Ket qua den nam 2009,bpcdng cy EGRA qudc te chinh thdc danhgj^Hthanh phan cua bpcdng cudanh giaKN doc dupc cdng bo Cho den da cd 50 nudc vdi tren 70 lediansomalacacketquado dem nhung gi ngdn ngdkhac da sudyng EGRA Jupc va chua lam dupc 2.2 Cac phan cua bg cong cu EGRA ^uii ket qua khao satva viet bao cao Ket 22.1 Cong cu dedo cac KN thanhphan Bp edng a nang li/c dpc cua toan the HS tham gia cy EGRA day du nhait gom phan dedo cac KN co loc thdng ke va xuli tren cac phan mem ban eua nang luc dpc HS hoc dpe Dd la cae cdng Jig Cac ketqua phan tich sdlieu dupe cy de cac KN phan sau: 1) Dpc am dau cuallenVetvdinhunq dd lieu thu thap dupc qua bang tupng: HS, GV, can bd quan li trudng tieng; 2) Dpc am cua chij' cai; 3) Gpi ten chu cai; cd the dua each li giai nguyen nhan 4)Dpetieng quen thupc;5)Dpctiengtytao (do ngudi ket qua kem hay kha cua tung KN dqc bien soari tao ra); 6) Dpc tieng doan van; dexuat cac khuyen nghi ddi vdi cac cap 7) Ope hieu van ban; 8) Nghe hie'u; 9) Viet ctiinh ta |c vdi GVde cai thien ket qua doc dcac Bp cdng ey EG R A chi dung cho cac ngdn ngued tieu hpc chdvietghiam (alphabet writing) nhut'eng Phap, ^ h u n g h i e m EGRA tai VietNam tieng Anh,tieng Viel Bp convey khdng apdung ^ ^ " t r i n h Dam baochat lupng giao dye trudng cho cac ngon ngiJcd chu'viet tupng hinh hoac bing f i p c i ^ | P ) la don vi dau tien va nhat Den cac ki hieu 24 Tqp chi Giao due so 367 -(kil-10/2015) hanhthunghiem EGRA tai Viet Nam tren mptquy md kha ldn ^ Trong nam 2013, EGRA dupe SEQAP tien hanh thunghiem tai4 tinh thu hudng chuong trinh SEQAP (Oien Bien, Gia Lai, VTnh Long, Nghe An), 1.200 HS ldp ldp da dupc khao sal Cude thu nghiem dupc tien hanh vdi 60 danh gia vien va 26 giam sat vien.Cae danh gia vien va giam satvien dupc huan luyen lien tyc (keca viec thuc tap danh gia thucua ho) Trong nam 2014, EGRA dupe SEQAP tien hanh thu nghiem lan thd2 tai tinh (ngoai tinh da tham qia danh gia thu nghiem nam 2013 edn cdthem tmh la Quang Tri, Lao Cai) Lan cd 2.157 HS ldp va dupc khao sat Cd 72 danh gia vien, 36 giam satvien thuc hien cupe khao sat Hpcung dupc huan luyen nhu nam 2013 Ketqua eho thay nang luc dpc cua H S eae Idp dau cap d Viet Nam cung cd nhung KN dat muc dp rat tdt nhu KN dpe am dau eua tiaig, am cua ehu cai, dpc tieng quen thupe Tuy nhien, cd mdtsd KN bd phan cua HS VietNam edn ye'u nhuKN^piten ehLrcai,dpc tieng ty tao, KN dpc hieu, nghe hieu Tdcac ketqua tren cdthe art nhieu ket luan cd ich cho viec ddl mdi chuong irinh vasach giao khoa sau nam 2015, cd ich chocaccoquanQLGDdieu chinh via; chidao dayva hpc mdn Ti&ig Vteta cac ldp dau cap tieu hpc Neu nghien cuu kTeae ketqua, GV cung cdthenitra nhieu dieu bo ich ve npi dung, phuang phap day Hgc van, T^ dgc, Chinh ta dcac Idp dau cap tieu hpc Nghien CUU hieu qui cna day hpn cho rang minh day lan dau M'la to'troL Tuy nhien, so sanh vkieo gida giing lan dau va video giang lan hai diing ^ CO qua nhieu khae blef Qua