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^ TRAO odi DOI M0ITUDUY TRONG GlAO DUC TS PHANVANNHAN Trung Mm Nghitn ciifu Quin li giio dgc D l gdp phin ddi mdi cin bin v l toin di|n djnh hddng x l hdi chii nghTa th i hi|n trdde hit nIn giio dye ([.]
^ TRAO odi DOI M0ITUDUY TRONG GlAO DUC TS.PHANVANNHAN Trung Mm Nghitn ciifu Quin li giio dgc l gdp phin ddi mdi cin bin v l toin di|n D nIn giio dye (GD) Vilt Nam theo hddng chuin hda, hiln dai hda, xl hdi hda, din chii hda vl hdi nh|p qudc t l nhdng nim tdi, thi nhilm vy diu tiln phli llm II ddi mdi td GD Bay llu nay, chung ta d l ndi rlt nhilu v l vin di nly, nhdng din cung chda llm ddpc nhilu Vly, ndi dung ciia ddi mdi td GD II gl? VI dddng ddi mdi td GD nhd thi nio? Od II nhdng vin d l chung tdi mudn trao ddi, mong tim nhdng Idi gili phu hpp nhit Qui trinh chuyin ddi td co ehl k l hogch hda t|p trung sang kinh t l thi trddng ddi hdi nhdng cli deh quylt lilt, ddi II nhdng sd "hu^ dilt sing tgo" VI vly, cin ddi mdi td t i t cl cle ITnh Vdc ddi sdng xl hdi, vdi nhdng cich nhin mdi, deh hieu mdi, trin ed sd nhdng quy lult eCia kinh t l thj trddng, ddng thdi khdng nudi tile nhdng kilu td khdng cdn phu hpp vdi thdc tien, dd II nhin td cd y nghTa quylt djnh ddi vdi vile xiy dung nIn kinh t l thj trddng d nddc ta Odi mdi II mdt ehddng trinh cli cich toin diln cle mat eiia ddi sdng x i hdi, II sd thay t h i d i cu, Igc hiu blng cli mdi tiln bd, tgo sy phit triln nhdng dilu kiln v l holn dnh mdi (Wikipedia) Tuduyld qua trinh phin Inh hiln thdc khich quan mdt deh bin chit trin cd sd xlc lip d e mdi quan hi, liln h i ed tinh quy lult gida cic thudc tfnh khie cua sd v|t, hi|n tdpng, nd tie dOng v l phin Inh vio nio ciia mdi ci nhin Odi mdi tu GD dupc hilu II sU thay d6i thdi quen, nip nghT GD di/a trin nIn ting ed ehl bao d p , k l hogch hda t i p trung, sang thdi quen, nip nghT GD dda trin nIn ting phin d p quin li v i kinh t l thj trddng Tgi chiing ta ein ddi mdi td GD? Tu GD ed ehl k l hogch hda t|p trung the hiln trdde hit d chd, mpi hogt d^ng GD phli ddpc tip trung v l theo m^t k l hogch thdng nhit td trung ddng din dja phddng Cip quin If cd sd va nhl trddng hogt ddng trin cd sd h | thdng vin bin va mlnh If nh td d p quin li trung Udng, v.v Td GD co ehl cd t h i ddpc gpi II "td bao dp" Tu giio dye cd ehl thj trddng, 40 •$(( 70-THANG 7/2011 djnh hddng x l hdi chii nghTa t h i hi|n trdde hit d chd, mpi vin bin eCia d e d p quin li giio due ddpc ban hlnh, mpi hogt ddng GD phli tuin theo nhdng quy lult cd bin ciia kinh t l thj trddng, v.v Td GD ed ehl nly ed t h i ddpc gpi II "tU thj trddng" Qui trinh ddi mdi td GD thdc chit II qui trinh thay d6i deh nghT, cich llm td td bao dp sang td thj trddng GD Qui trinh nly e6 t h i bilu hi|n d mdt sd mat chinh sau: Sin phim GD l i loai hing hoi tfic bift Nhd d l bilt, theo nghTa rdng, giio due II "Nhdng hogt d$ng nhlm thdc hiln ehddng trinh k l thda x l h^i, t h i h | trdde truyin Igi cho thi h | sau nhdng kiln thdc, kinh nghilm lao ddng vl nhdng thii dd dng xd cudc sdng cua tdng thinh viln cung nhdeua ci cdng dong'Theo nghTa hep,"Gilo dye II mdt qui trinh toin ven hlnh thinh nhin cich, dupe td chdc m^t deh ed myc dich va cd k l hogch, thdng qua d c hogt ddng v i dc quan he gida ngddi GD v i ngddi ddpc GD, nhim truyin dgt v l chilm ITnh nhdng kinh nghilm x i hdi eiia loli ngddi"[6] Nhd vly, GO nhim phit triln ngddi, holn thiln nhin deh cua d e ca nhin tiep nhin GD, dip dng nhdng nhu ciu phit triln cua bin thin, giiip cho eon ngUdi c6 ning ddng gdp vio sd phat triln kinh t l - x i hdi blng ning life nghl nghilp, thdng qua hogt ddng lao ddng cOa mlnh x i hdi Djnh nghTa trin cho thiy, sin pham ciia GD la nhdng nhin deh phit triln theo mdt md hlnh nhit dinh, nIn vi^e xic djnh tfnh chat hing hoa eCia hpat d^ng GD, OT l i mdt vile rit khd khin Vi ring, II m^t dgng eiia hogt ddng x i hpi, d c hoat d^ng GD vda mang tinh "td nhiln", vda mang tfnh kinh t l ; nd diln d khip mpi ndi (gia dmh, nha trddng, x i hdi); nd cd t h i ddpc nhin bilt rd rang d c trddng/ ldp hpc, nhdng ddng thdi nd an chda t i t c i cic hogt ddng khie ciia ngddi Viec nhan diln mdt logi hogt ddng GD-OT nao dd cd la hang hoi hay khdng la rit quan trpng d diy, chiing toi ehl xin nlu mdt deh nhin diln GD-OT dudi goc dd kinh t l , thdng qua djnh nghTa hang hoi TRAO Ddi Mdt sin pham chi trd thinh hang hoi cd du dilu kiln: a) Nd I I sin pham kit tinh sde lao ddng; v l b) Nd ddpc lam de trao ddi {di bin) Sin pham eCia hogt ddng GD-OT (theo nghTa hep) II sin pham ciia lao ddng sd pham GD-OT d l ed mdt Ijch sd hlnh t h i n h td cd x l hdi loli ngudi, nhdng chi cd sd phin cdng lao ddng vdi sy chuyin mdn h o i ddi vdi nghl dgy hpc, v l sau dd nhl trddng td chdc dgy cho hpc trd, cho ngddi hpc, v l vile t i l n hlnh GD-OT II nhlm myc dich trao ddi (cd thu tiln), thi sin pham GD-OT mdi trd thinh hing hoi Cin Idu )^ ring, cung vdi GD- OT d nhl trddng, d c hogt ddng GD-OT thddng xuyIn diln d mpi liic, mpi noi, gia dinh, ngoli x l hdi (cha dgy con, mdt ngddi trao ddi vdi bgn mlnh v l mdt kinh nghilm nio dd ) d dly sin phim cua GD-OT khdng phli I I hing hoi, vl nd khdng nhlm myc dich trao ddi VI vly, dddi gde dp kinh t l , ndi hing h o i GD-OT I I ndi d i n cle hogt ddng GD - OT ddpc t i l n hlnh tgi nhdng cd sd GD-OT nhlm myc dich trao ddi Cd mdt sd n h i nghiln edu cho ring, GD-OT ed thudc tinh: Thudc tinh y thdc x l hdi v l thudc tfnh hang h o i "Thudc tfnh hlnh thai y thdc x l hdi the hiln GD-OT ddpc coi nhd I I mdt myc t i l u ning cao chit Idpng cudc sdng cCia ngddi, nd mang tinh nhin v i n m l xa hdi nio cung mudn vUdn tdi Vdi thudc tinh nly, GD-OT khdng ddpc coi I I hing hoi, v l vl t h i quan he thi trddng trudng hpp nly cung khdng tdn tai Thudc tinh thd hai tiie hiln GD-OT ddpc coi nhd la mdt phddng t i l n di eo kiln thdc v l kT ning, m l nhdng kiln thdc v l kT ning I I mdt thd td bin dem Igi cho eon ngddi vj tri cao hon v l thu nhlp nhilu hon Ndi cich khic, sin pham GD-OT I I hing hoi nd tham gia vao thj trddng lao ddng mdt d e h trde t i l p hay giln tiep"[5] Giao due la loai hlnh dich vu d i e b i l t • • • • • • Cung vdi sd phit trien kinh t l - x i hdi, nhu clu v l GD cCia x l hdi ngly d n g ddpc ning cao Ngly nay, GD-OT dan dan ddpc hiln dgi h o i v l d l trd thinh mdt nglnh kinh t l quan trpng, nim nhdm nglnh djch vy Td nhdng phin tfch trin, ta cd the dda djnh nghTa v l djch vy GD-OT nhd sau: Djch vy GD-OT la d c hogt ddng GD-OT mdt Cd s d / d nhin thdc hiln d i p dng nhu d u hpc tap cCia mpi ngddi vdi myc t i l u trao ddi O l lam rd hdn khai niem djch vy, xin trfch dan djnh nghTa ciia T.P Hill (1977) nhd sau: "Djch vy I I sU t i c ddng eiia mdt chii the A tdi mdt chii the hole v i t ciia mdt chii the B, vdi sd chap thuan ciia chii t h i dd, tao nen sd thay ddi v l dilu kiln hay trang t h i i ciia chu t h i hay v i t thudc sd hdu ciia chCi t h i B" Vdi d e h hieu nly, hoat ddng GD II mdt hoat ddng mang tfnh djch vy VI trin thuc t l , blng phin loai hoat ddng kinh te-xa hdi eCia nude ta, GD-OT cung ddpc xIp vio khdi d c nglnh djch vy Trong danh myc 12 loai djch vy cOa GATS (Hilp djnh chung v l thdOng mgi djch vy), cung bao gdm c l djch vy GD-OT' Trong Hilp djnh nly, djch vy GD-OT bao gdm dich vy GD tieu hpc, djch vy GD-OT trung hpc, djch vy dio tao OH; djch vy dio tgo trung hpc cho ngddi Idn, djch vy dio tao cle logi trung hpc khic Cung nhd d c loai djch vy khic (hdt tdc, vin t l i , ngin hing, ), djch vy GD-OT cung II hoat ddng phye vy khdng phli blng hinh thdc hiln vat m l blng hlnh thdc lao ddng sdng d l thda ylu d u nio dd cua ngddi khic Djch vy GD-OT II kit q u i lao ddng x l hdi d l dupe phin cdng nIn nd cung sing tgo g i i trj v l gii trj sd dyng, nhdng khdng sing tao ddpc sin pham vat chat m l thdng qua lao ddng sd pham de phye vy nhu d u ciia x l hdi d day, "sin xult" v l "tilu dung" song song tdn tgi [3] Gil tri cua djch vu GD-OT II sd t i l u hao sdc lao ddng ciia ngudi day qui trinh gilng day Gil trj ciia djch vy GD-OT cung chi ddpc thdc hiln thdng qua trao ddi v l ddpc bilu hiln bdi g i i c l (tiln cdng) Sin pham cua GD-OT II nhdng kiln thdc, kT ning, thii dp v l nhin each phit trien m l ngddi hpc ITnh hdi dupe sau mdt qui trinh hpc t i p Nha nddc, doanh nghilp va hoc vien la nhdng khich hang cua djch vu GD LI mdt logi djch vy x l hdi, djch vy GD-OT cd khich hing true t i l p II ngudi hpc Tuy nhiln, dddi gdc dp thj trddng, nhilu trudng hpp, ngddi dat ylu d u hpc d i gl v l hpc the nio, td dd quylt djnh vile toin chi phi lai I I nhdng ngddi khic Vi dy, vdi hpc sinh nhd tudi, vile di hpc ciia cle em II d c ble phy huynh quylt djnh v l chi t r i ; dd mdt Idp dio tao nghl lai doanh nghilp td chdc v l chi t r i , ngddi hpc khdng phli t r i tiln Cd the md t l cd d u khich hang ciia GD-OT qua blng sau: ' Danh muc 12 ngeinh djch vy GATS: Trong d6 djcli vy GD&DT, bao g6m: djch vy Qho tao ti^u hpc, djch vy dcio tao trung hoc, dich vu d^o tao dfi hoc, djch vy dho tao trung hoc cho ngudi Idn, dich vy deio tao trung hgc Vhic KH0AH9CGlA0DyC*41 ^ TRAO odi Bdng 1: Ca c6u khdch hdng ciia GD & DT Bdn cungCorsdGD-DT B£n ciu - Khich hing Ngudi hgc- Khich hing ting thU nhit Cha m^ HS, ngudi sCrdgng lao d^ng Khich hing tdng thU Chfnh quyIn/16 chUc XH Khich hing ting thU Blng trin cho thiy, khich hing ciia djch vy GD-OT II rit da dgng v l cd nhilu d p dd khic Chfnh quyIn (Nhl nddc) hay mdt td chdc x l hpi nio dd cung cd t h i II khich hing ciia GOOT cd ylu d u v l chi t r i cho cic ed sd GD-OT thdng qua m^t "hpp ddng" ho|c giao ehl tilu GD-DT hing nim Thdng thddng, cic logi "khich hing" khic ed nhdng mdi quan tim v l ylu d u khac Vidy: - Vdi ngddi hpc, mdi quan tim va cung II ylu d u ciia hp II ning tim kilm vi$c llm va vi thixa hdi tdong lai cCia hp, v.v - Vdi cha me hpc sinh, mdi quan tim cua hp cung II ning tim kilm vile lim, vj t h i xa hdi tddng lai cua em mlnh, ylu d u v l tai chinh hp phli ddng gdp cho em mlnh qui trinh theo hpc, v.v - Ngddi sd dyng lao ddng Igi cd nhCfng y l u d u v l kT n i n g , k i l n thdc, dgo ddc, cOa nhOfng ngddi m l hp s i t u y I n dyng tddng lai, v.v - Vdi td deh I I I I dgi diln cho x i hdi, chinh quyln/de td chdc x i hdi cd nhdng ylu d u v l phim chat dgo ddc, y thdc chinh trj v i phip lu|t, ning lye nghl nghiep ciia ngddi hpc, nhdng cdng din tddng lai eiia x l hpi, nhdng ddng gdp ciia hp cho su phit triln kinh t l x i hpi sau hp tdt nghiep, v.v Cic cd sd GD-OT du hogt d^ng vdi myc tilu nio thi cung ludn phli dim bio chit Idpng cho "sin phim" cua mlnh, nghTa II phii cd ging d l cd t h i thda mIn tdi da cic yeu d u cCia "khich hing" Oilu nly la ein thilt d l tri v i phit triln "thj phin" eiia cdsdmlnh Ket luan Odi mdi ein bin v i toin diln nIn GD Vi^t Nam theo hddng ehuin hda, hiln dgi hda, xa hdi hda, din chu hda va hdi nhlp qudc t l nhdng * Sif 70-THANG 7/2011 nim tdi l i nhl|m vy vd cung khd khin v l llu dli nhdng ed tinh quylt djnh din sp phit triln cua nIn GD nddc nhl Oiy khdng ehi la nhilm vy eiia nhdng ngddi llm cdng tie GD m l l i cua toin bd h | thdng chinh trj, eOa mdi ngddi din va eiia toin x i h^i O l ddi mdi ein bin v l toin diln nIn GD Vi|t Nam d n tiln hlnh ddng thdi nhilu nhilm vy v i cdng vi|e khic nhdng nhilm vy diu tiln ein llm ngay, dd l i ddi mdi td GD trin Cd sd nhdng quy luit cOa kinh t l thj trudng djnh hddng XHCN v l hdi nh|p qudc t l Trong dd d n hilu rd n^i dung eOa ddi mdi td GD II gl, v l dddng ddi mdi td GD nhu t h i nio? TAIUIUTHAMKHAO http://ehungta.com/Desktop.aspx/ ChungTa-SuyNgam/Hanh-Dong/Ti^p tuc ddi mdi tuduy vi kinh tixd h^i, Phan Oinh Dilu, Tgp chiTla Sing, 3/07/2010 Joseph E Stiglitz, Kinh tihpc cdng cdng, NXB Khoa hpc kT t h u i t , Trudng OH Kinii t l Qudc d i n , HI Ndi, 1995, tr 166-180 Dpi tit diin kinh ti thj tn/dng, Viln Nghiln edu v i Phd biin tri thdc bich khoa, Hi Ndi, 1998 Nguyin Cdng Glip, Klyiu Hpi tfido "Mdt sd vdn di IlluPn vd thuc tiin vi GD&DTtrong nin kinh ti thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN", ngiy 25/11/2004 N g u y i n Odng Hanh, Bdo cdo tdng kit di tdi cdp b^ 'Pham vi vd ddc diim biiu hiin ca chi thi trudng linh vpc gido due, ddo tao d Viit Nam', 2005 H i T h i Ngd, O i n g Vu Hogt Gido due hoc, NXB Giio due 1987 SUMMARY For a basic and all-out innovation of Vietnamese education the author believes that foremost the educational thinking shall be changed The change of education thinking is in fact the change of thinking from subsidizeds into market orientation in education The change is reflected in the following aspects: educational products are special products; education is special service; State, business and students are clients of the education services ... cung ddpc xIp vio khdi d c nglnh djch vy Trong danh myc 12 loai djch vy cOa GATS (Hilp djnh chung v l thdOng mgi djch vy), cung bao gdm c l djch vy GD-OT'' Trong Hilp djnh nly, djch vy GD-OT bao... l Trong dd d n hilu rd n^i dung eOa ddi mdi td GD II gl, v l dddng ddi mdi td GD nhu t h i nio? TAIUIUTHAMKHAO http://ehungta.com/Desktop.aspx/ ChungTa-SuyNgam/Hanh-Dong/Ti^p tuc ddi mdi tuduy... tiln Cd the md t l cd d u khich hang ciia GD-OT qua blng sau: '' Danh muc 12 ngeinh djch vy GATS: Trong d6 djcli vy GD&DT, bao g6m: djch vy Qho tao ti^u hpc, djch vy dcio tao trung hoc, dich vu