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Một số năng lực tự học môn lịch sử cần hình thành cho học sinh trung học phổ thông

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MQT SB NANG HSE TlTtiQE MQN klEti SUT * • • • • CAN HINH THAHH CHO HOC SINH TRUHG HOG PHO THONG O ThS O O A N NGUY^T LINH* 1 Tdm quan trqng cua dqy ty hqc cho hqc nhien, viec dqy vd hqc LS d cdc trudn[.]

MQT SB NANG HSE TlTtiQE MQN klEti SUT * • • • • CAN HINH THAHH CHO HOC SINH TRUHG HOG PHO THONG O Tdm quan trqng cua dqy ty hqc cho hqc sinh trung hqc phd* thdng Xd hdi ngdy cdng phdt Kiln thi viec hinh thdnh «xd hpi hpc tap" vd viec phdt trien nIn «gido dye sud't ddi" cdng ed y nghTa Hqc tdp sud't ddi giup ngudi hqe ludn cdp nhdt nhCrng kiln thuc vd hilu bilt mdi cd y nghTa v l mdt xd hdi, chinh trj, vdn hda; gdp phdn tich eye xdy dyng mdt xd hdi ben vCrng Trong dd, ty hqc Id cdt Idi de gidi quyet vd'n de hqe tdp sud't ddi Nhung ty hqc nhu t h i ndo, hinh thdnh ndng lye Kr hqe cho hqe sinh (HS) trung hqc phd thdng (THPT) ro vdi K/ng mdn hqc Id van d l edn xem xet cy thi Xudt phdt h/ ddi hdi cua thye Hen gido dye: dilu kien cua xd hdi hien dqi, khoa hqc vd cdng nghe phdt Kiln mqnh me, sy bijng nd euo cdch mqng thdng Hn dd tdc ddng, dnh hudng sdu sde d i n gido dye ndi chung vd qud Kinh dqy hqc ndi rieng, viec gido dye y thuc ty hqc mdt cdch thudng xuyen theo phuong phdp khoa hqc cho HS Id nhiem vy quan Kqng vd rdt ndng n l cua gido vien (GV) Chi ed dqy cdch hqc, cdch h/ hqe, h/ hqc sdng tqo mdi ddp ung dugc yeu cdu coo euo xd hdi; vi vdy, GV phdi ren luyen ndng lye h/ hqc di h/ng budc hinh thdnh kTndng ty hqc cho HS, ddy cung Id vd'n de cdt Idi ddi mdi each dqy hqc hien Mot so' hqn che dgy hqc mdn Ljch su (LS) d trudng THPT Hqc tdp mdn LS Id qud trinh nhdn thuc bien nhung kien thuc khoa hqc LS tich luy tu nhieu t h i he euo nhdn loqi, dugc lya chqn thdnh kiln thuc cua chinh minh Trong qud trinh hqc tdp, phdi lay h/ hqc Idm gd'c de chilm iTnh vd ndm vung kiln thuc LS mot cdch chinh xdc Mudn ty hqe, trude het phdi ed sy djnh hudng euo GV, giup HS thodt khdi lung King vd tqo ddng lye thuc ddy HS h/ hqc Ty hqc LS phdi dugc tien hdnh dung phuong phdp vdi tung tu lieu edn hqc; phdi ed nhu cdu hqe de tqo thu say me vd y thuc trdeh nhiem vd tinh thdn lao ddng edn cu Tuy Tap ehi Giao due so 6 (ki 7/2011) ThS O O A N NGUY^T LINH* nhien, viec dqy vd hqc LS d cdc trudng phd thdng hien chu ylu vdn theo phuong thuc truyin thd'ng (GV gidng gidi, minh hqa, HS nghe, chep bdi vd cd d l ghi nhd) Idm hqn ehl cdn bdn vol trd chu ddng, sdng tqo euo HS Quo qud trinh dilu tro, khdo sdt GV LS d mdt so trudng phd thdng v l viec ty hqc mdn LS euo HS, cho thd'y: - Da so HS chi hqc thudc kiln thuc nhung khdng tudng minh nen khdng bilt kit ndi cdc kiln tht/c dd ed d l hqc kiln thuc mdi; HS hqc ehi d l ddi phd vdi thi cu vd kilm tro, nen chua chu ddng hqe de Idm phong phu them kiln thuc LS cho bdn thdn; HS rdt it tham gia trinh bdy y kiln cua mlnh vl cho rdng kiln thuc euo mlnh cdn yeu kem, hodc khdng ty Hn; - Do quon niem mdn chinh mdn phy nen viec h/ hqc LS khdng dugc chu trqng vd ehu ylu hqc bdi d vd ghi, SGK; - Ngodi ro, nguyen nhdn khdch quan nhu chua cd nhOng cdi tien cdch dqy cung Idm dnh hudng d i n chd't lugng dqy vd hqc mdn LS d trudng phd thdng Chu trinh lu hqc cdn duqc ren luyen cho HS 1) Tu nghien cuu bdng ndi luc cd nhdn O ddy, HS phdi xdy dyng k l hoqch h/hqe HS phdi xdc djnh ndi dung trqng tdm euo kiln thuc cdn hqc d Kirng bdi, Krng ehuong d l Kr dd xdy dyng k l hoqch hqc tdp mong Hnh khd thi vd cd hieu qud Sou dd Id qud trinh ty fim tdi, quon sdt, gidi thich, phdt hien vd'n de, djnh hudng, gidi quylt vd'n de, thu thdp tdi lieu lien quon d i n ndi dung kiln thuc LS edn hqe vd tqo sdn phdm ban ddu hoy sdn phdm thd cd Hnh chd't ed nhdn 2) The hien khd ndng hgc cua bdn thdn HS\u t h i hien mlnh bdng vdn bdn, Idi ndi, h/ trinh bdy, bdo ve kiln thi>e hay sdn phdm ed nhdn ban ddu euo minh, thdng qua cdc budi thdo ludn, seminar Cd t h i qua ddi thoqi trye tilp vdi cdc bqn vd GV d l tqo ro cdc sdn phdm qud trinh Kr hqc euo mlnh * Tnrdngfiaihpc Glao due •fiaihpc quoc gia Ha Npi "^ vdi qud trinh ty fim tdi nghien cuu cdc ngudn kiln thuc bd trg, di tqo cdc md'l li§n he giua cde ngudn kien thuc vdi nhau; giup HS cung cd, khdc sdu kiln thuc, Idm sdng td cde kiln thuc SGK; nhd d6 bdi hqe LS se dugc ndng cao Vi khoa hqc ddy, bdn chd't cua chu trinh ty hqc Id vi$c dy, hoc bdi «Cdch mang tu sdn Phdp cudi phdt hien vd'n de, dinh hudng gidl quylt, vd gidi thikf XVill" (Ljch su 10, ban eo bdn), sou ty fim hieu v l sy kien chilm ngyc Baxtin, GV cho quylt vd'n d l theo hudng ngni§n cuu khoa hqe Hinh thdnh mdt sd' ndng lye co bdn giup HS ty trinh bdy trude Idp v l sy kien ndv vdi Kr lieu tu trang Web Wikipedla.com kit hgp vdi HS Kf hqc mdn LS d trudng THPT 1) Ndng luc tim tdl, phdt hien vd'n di Ndi buc dnh chiem ngyc BaxHn ngdy 14/7/1789 Nhu vdy, bilt vdn dyng mdt cdch kheo leo dung chuong trinh mdn LS d trudng phd thdng dugc bidn soqn cd md'l lien hS chdt che vd trinh nhi/ng ndi dung h/ hqc dugc d cdc ngudn K; li§u bdy theo hS thdng logic giua cdc ndi dung sy khdc vdi ngl dung bdi hqc Kong SGK se Idm HS kien, hien tugng LS Vidt Nam vd t h i gidi BSn thu hon mdt gid hqe LS ndi riSng vd eqnh dd, ddc thu euo mdn hqe rdt thudn Igi cho h/ hqe mdn LS ndi chung 4) Ndng luc ddnh gid vd tu ddnh aid Kit qud HS ed t h i h/ hqc bdng cdch ty fim tdi, phdt hi§n vd'n di Chdng hqn, bdi «Cdch mpng tu cua viSc ddnh gid, h/ ddnh gid Id dilu kien rdt sdn Phdp cudi thi kl XVIII" (Ljch su 10, ban co quon Kqng giup HS lya chqn cdc hinh thuc, phuong bdn), sy kl§n phd ngyc BaxHn dugc SGK trinh phdp Kr hqc ed hiSu qud, ddng thdi, bilt vdn dyng bdy rdt so luge, chi mong tinh chd't thdng bdo ve thao tdc K/ phdn tich, tdng hgp, so sdnh, ddi ngdy thdng dien ro sy kien Do vdy, d HS ed t h i chieu Ndng lye ddnh gid cua HS t h i hidn qua khd xudt hien nhu cdu cdn fim hilu sdu hon v l sy kien ndng kilm tra, ddnh gid kit qud chd't lugng hqc ndy, nen GV cd t h i ggi md v^n di hodc giao tdp euo bdn thdn vd ctJa bqn be Oieu ndy khdng bdi tdp ve nhd cho HS, tqo ro mdt kenh mdi giup nhiJng giup HS ndm vCmg kiln thuc LS md cdn hlnh thdnh ndng lye fim tdi vd phdt hien vd'n de phdt Kien khd ndng fim tdi, sdng Kio ••• Hodc vd'n de: vi Lenin lai cd nhdn djnh rdng Ty hqe LS khdng nhi/ng cd y nghTa to Idn ddi cdch mpng Phdp nhu mat cdi chdl Idling Id quel vdl bdn thdn HS (de hodn thdnh nhiem vy hqc sach nhung tdn du cua chi dp phong kiin? tdp) md edn dem Igi chd't lugng, hieu qud cua 2) Ndng luc gidi quyit van di Id mdt Kong qud Kinh dqy hqc LS Kong nhd Kudng phd thdng nhCmg ndng lye cdn r^n luyen cho HS, giup kich Ty hqe Id sy t h i hien ddy du nhd't vol Kd chu the thich hoqt ddng tu sdng tqo cua HS Khi gidi Kong qud Kinh nhdn thi/c cua HS Trong qud Kinh quylt van de ddi hdi HS phdi huy ddng cde kiln dd, ngudi hqe hodn todn chu dqng, ty Tycfimtdi, thuc, tdl lieu thu thdp, xem xet ddnh gid thdng Hn khdm phd de linh hgl tri thuc LS dudi sy ehi dqo, mdt cdch chinh xdc, khoa hqc, quo dd giup HS dilu khiln cua GV Di phdt huy tinh tich eye, chii ndm chdc kiln thuc Tu cdc finh hud'ng cd vd'n de, ddng sdng tqo euo HS, GV LS d cdc Kudng phd GV budc HS phdi ty fim cdch gidi quylt (ddy thdng cdn cd phuong phdp ren luyen ndng lye h; vua Id djnh hudng nhdn thuc cho HS, vua Id myc hqc cho HS Ddy khdng chi Id mdt bien phdp dich cua viec ty hqe cua HS) Thdng quo cde bdi ndng coo hieu qud hqc tdp md cdn Id mot myc tap v l nhd, philu bdi tdp, GV cd t h i r6n luy§n fieu quan trqng cua hqe tap G ndng luc gidl quylt vd'n de cho HS Vi dy, GV glao bdi tdp: «Ldp bdng so sdnh Cdch mang tu Tdi li£u tham khSo sdn Anh, Cniin tranh gidnh ddc lap cua cdc thudc Phan Ngpc Lien (chQ bien) Dd'i mdi nOi dung va dja Anh a Bde MT vd Cdch mang tu sdn Phdp phmmg phdp day hpc Lich sur d tnimig phd thdng 1789", vdl nhung djnh hudng dd, HS se Kr ldp NXB Dgi hgc suphgm, H 2008 bdng so sdnh, rut kit ludn vd gidl thich dugc vi Phan Ngpc Lien (chu bien) NhSp m6n sur hpc NXB cdch mqng Phdp Iqi nhu mdt cdi choi khdng Dgi hgc suphgm, H 2006 Nguyfin Cinh Toin Qui trinh day - tuhoc NXB Id quet sqch nhCrng tdn du cua e h l phong kiln Gido d{ic.H 1996 3) Ndng luc van dyng kiin thuc vdo qud trinh Thai Duy Tuyfin "B6i duOng nang luc ti/ hpc cho hpc bdi hpc LS d tren Idp HS phdi ndm chdc hpc sinh" Tgp ehi Gido due, sd 74 12/2003 cdc ndi dung kiln thuc dd hqc d tren Idp, kit hgp Webside Wikipedia.com 3) Tp kiem tra, tu diiu chlnh Sou GV dua kit ludn, nhdn xlt, HS cd t h i dya vdo dd ty kiem tra, ty ddnh gid sdn phdm ban ddu euo minb; h/ sua sal, h/ dilu chinh thdnh sdn phdm Tap ehi Giao due so 6 cki • 7/2011) ... quylt (ddy thdng cdn cd phuong phdp ren luyen ndng lye h; vua Id djnh hudng nhdn thuc cho HS, vua Id myc hqc cho HS Ddy khdng chi Id mdt bien phdp dich cua viec ty hqe cua HS) Thdng quo cde bdi... dyng kiin thuc vdo qud trinh Thai Duy Tuyfin "B6i duOng nang luc ti/ hpc cho hpc bdi hpc LS d tren Idp HS phdi ndm chdc hpc sinh" Tgp ehi Gido due, sd 74 12/2003 cdc ndi dung kiln thuc dd hqc d... cd t h i ggi md v^n di hodc giao tdp euo bdn thdn vd ctJa bqn be Oieu ndy khdng bdi tdp ve nhd cho HS, tqo ro mdt kenh mdi giup nhiJng giup HS ndm vCmg kiln thuc LS md cdn hlnh thdnh ndng lye

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