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PHAN lUONG HOG SINH SAU TRUNG HOC CD SI10 HAI DUONG THUC TRANG VA NGUYEN NHAN O NGUYEN V A N Q U O C * P hdn ludng hpc sinh [HS) sou trung hpc co sd (THCS) Id mdt trong nhCrng nhiem vy quan trpng eua[.]
PHAN lUONG HOG SINH SAU TRUNG HOC CD SI10 HAI DUONGTHUC TRANG VA NGUYEN NHAN O hdn ludng hpc sinh [HS) sou trung hpc co sd (THCS) Id mdt nhCrng nhiem vy quan trpng eua su nghiep gido dye - ddo tpo (GDDT) nhdm gdp phdn ehudn bj ngudn nhdn lye cho cdng eudc cdng nghiep hda, hien dqi hda (CNH, HDN) ddt nude Cdng tdc phdn ludng HS sou THCS dupe xdc djnh Id nhiem vy cua ngdnh GD-DT ndi rieng, eua todn xa hdi ndi chung Hdi Duong Id mdt Knh nam d ddng bdng Bde bd, ed vj tri vd dieu kien ty nhien thudn Ipi, ddn trf phdt trien, co cau kinh te chuyen ddi mpnh me tu ndng nghiep sang eong nghiep, xdy dyng vd djch vy Su chuyen ddi eo cdu kinh te keo theo ehuyen doi ca cdu lao dong Nhu cdu loo ddng ddi hdi trinh d d trung cd'p [trung cd'p nghe, trung cd'p chuyen nghiep) rd't Idn, dd so HS sou THCS vdo hpc gido dye nghe nghiep (GDNN) rd't it De xdy dyng cdc gidi phdp khdc phyc tinh trqng tren, can ddnh gid thyc trpng, chi cdc nguyen nhdn khdch quan vd chu quan cua viee phdn ludng HS sou THCS hien P , Thyc trqng phan ludng HS sau THCS d Hdi Ducmg Hdi Duong cd quy md vd mpng ludt GD phdt trien, d d hodn thdnh phd cap GD tieu hpc tu ndm 2000 vd phd cdp THCS tu nam 0 ' Ve sy chi dgo cua cde cap uy Ddng, chinh quyen: Vdi sy tham muu cua Sd GD-DT, tinh Hdi Duong d d ed nhieu van bdn lien quan den chi dpo phdn ludng HS sou THCS Ngodi cdc chi thj thyc hien nhiem vy nam hpc, ddng chu y nhdt Id De dn phd cdp bpc trung hpc, De dn phdt trien cdc trung tdm kt thudt tdng hpp-hudng nghiep, Ke hoqch trien khai chuong trinh hdnh ddng eua Chinh phu thuc hien Nghi quyet 37 cuo Qudc hpi- k e h o p c h / k H - U B N D n g d y / / 0 ; Quy hopch phdt trien su nghiep GD-DT den ndm 2015, dmh hudng den nam 2020, Cdc vdn bdn tren deu nhdn thuc rd sy can thiet phdi phdn ludng HS sou THCS, dqt myc tieu ndng cao ti le HS sou THCS vdo hpc chuong trinh G D N N vd de xud't NGUYEN V A N Q U O C * nhieu gidi phdp nhdm cdi thien tinh hinh HS sou THCS chu yeu vdo hpc THPT, djnh hudng hpc DH Ngdnh GD-DT dd phdi hpp vdi cdc ngdnh lien quan tieh eye thyc hign cdc vdn bdn ehf dqo vd dd cd nhCrng tien bp nhdt djnh Cong tdc gido due hudng nghiep (GDHN) doi vol HS THCS: GDHN cho HS THCS dupe chi dgo tieh hpp quo cdc bp mdn vdn hod, hinh thue dgy nghe trudng phd thdng, quo lao ddng sdn xud't, gidi thieu ngdnh nghe vd qua ede hopt dong ngopi khoa Ndi chung, cdc trudng THCS, trung tdm KTTH-HN deu thyc hien viee dqy nghe thong cho HS Hdng ndm, 90-95% HS THCS dupe hpc nghe phd thdng trudng THCS ty ddm nhiem hope phdi hpp vdi trung tdm KTTH-HN td chuc gidng dqy Viee GDHN quo lao ddng sdn xud't hdu nhu khdng dupe td chuc nhd trudng Viee gidi thieu nghe nghiep, hoqt dqng ngoqi khdo, cdc trudng deu td chuc, nhien viee tdng ket, ddnh gid edn nhieu bdt cdp Ve quy md phdt trien GD nghe nghiep: Trong nhi/ng ndm qua, quy md, mpng ludi co sd GDNN d Hdi Duong cd sy phdt trien nhdt djnh Todn tinh cd trudng TCCN, trung tdm nghe, trudng cao ddng nghe, trudng trung cd'p nghe Ben cqnh do, sd trudng DH vd td't ed cdc trudng cao ddng deu tham gia day chuang trinh TCCN vd dqy nghe trinh dp trung cdp Hdu het cdc CO sd GD ndy deu ndm a thdnh phd, thj xd HS vdo hoe chu yeu Id sou THPT Ve cdc chinh sdch phdt trien GDNN, tao dieu kien phdn ludng HS sau THCS: -t- Trong qud trinh hpc nghe phd thdng d THCS, thyc hidn ehf dqo cua cd'p tren, Hdi Duong tro cd'p cho moi HS hoc nghe Id 4,3 trieu d d n g / H S / n d m hpc, ddng thdi, thuc hien cdng diem khuyen khich cho HS TN THCS vdo THPT; + Tinh tang cudng xdy dyng co sd vdt ehd't cde TT KTTH-HN, ede H HN-DN, cdc CO sd G D N N cdng Idp; tang cudng xd hpi hod viee dqy nghe cho HS bdng viee khuyen khich * Sd Giao due va Bao tao Hai Huung Tap chi Giao due so (kt • 1/2012^ thdnh Idp ede co sd G D N N ngodi cdng Idp; + De tqo thudn Ipi cho HS sou THCS vdo hoc G D N N , tinh chi dao ngdn hdng cho HS voy vdn hpc tap; + Tinh d d xdy dung nhieu de dn ddo tqo nghe cho lao dong tinh, dqc biet lao ddng ndng thdn, vdi nhCrng che dp uu ddi dpc biet nhu mien hpc phf cho ngudi hpc Nhieu eo sd tu vd'n nghe nghiep, ho trp tim viee Idm cua cdc td chuc, dodn the tqo thudn loi thu hut ngudi lao dong ndi chung vd HS sou THCS ndi rieng vdo hpc chpn eon dudng hoe len THPT, hudng vdo DH, tf le vdo G D N N rd't thdp vd keo ddi nhieu ndm Nguyen nhan 1} Nguyen nhdn khdch quan: + Nhdn thuc eua gia dinh, nhd trudng vd xd hpi ddi vdi G D N N edn hpn che Ve phia gia dinh HS, tdm If khoa bdng trd thdnh tdm If sd ddng Mat khdc, nhieu gia dinh khdng nhdn thuc rd ndng luc cuo em vd dieu kien kinh te gia dinh de lya chqn eon dudng G D N N phu hop; + Thj trudng loo ddng Ket qud phdn ludng HS sau THCS d Hdi Duong phdt trien chua mpnh, viee kich cdu dd'i vdi G D N N cho HS sou THCS chua that sy trd thdnh (xem bdng) ddng luc thu hut HS; -i- Thdng So HS vao hoc THPT So chja Ot SoHS tin ve thj trudng lao ddng, hpc ho#c Nam hgc TN THPT hocTCCN hoc nghe GDTX dd ede d y bdo ve ca cdu trinh da dl lam THCS SL SL SL SL SL dp ddo tqo, coedu nghe nghiep 2005-2006 34 683 25-805 74,5 704 7,7 253 0,73 319 0,92 5.722 16.15 ddo tqo, dja chi su dyng lao 2006-2007 29 79B 22 493 75,5 2.179 7,3 256 0,86 318 1,07 4.550 15,27 dong rd't hpn che HS THCS, gia 2007-2008 30 545 27690 73,1 2.656 8,6 278 0,91 644 2,11 4668 15.28 2008-2Q09 26 185 18 564 70,9 934 11,2 251 0,96 597 2,28 839 14,66 dinh vd nhd trudng dL«?c biet rdt ft ve nhung thong tin ndi tren; 2009-2010 24B20 17 960 72,4 3G7 9,5 258 1,04 578 2,33 657 14,23 + Ca che tuyen dyng loo dong Bdng tren cho thd'y, sou td't nghiep THCS, kT thudt thieu thdng tin, phdi quo nhieu khdu, HS chu yeu lya chpn dudng vdo hpc THPT Ti khien ngudi dupe G D N N khd tiep can vdi noi sCr le ndy dao ddng d eon so' 70-75% nam dyng loo ddng; + Chinh sdch ddi vdi HS sou THCS hpc tu 2005-2006 den 2009-2010 Khodng 10% hpc G D N N chua du mqnh vd hdu nhu chua ed HS td't nghiep THCS, sou thi vdo cdc trudng che uu tien ddnh rieng cho ddi tupng ndy; + THPT cdng Idp khdng do, vdo hpc tpl cdc TT GDTX Chinh sdch ddi vdi ngudi sou thy hudng G D N N , cd'p huyen Khodng 4% HS sou td't nghiep tham gia lao dong kT thudt, dpc biet Id che dp tien THCS vdo hpc chuong trinh G D N N d cdc co sd luong chua du hdp dan dd thu hut ngudi hpc; -iday nghe vd trudng TCCN Tf le todn qudc nam Viee su dyng loo dong chua dung trinh ddo 0 - 0 HS sou THCS hpc n g h i tqi cdc co sd tpo nhieu don vi si} dyng lao ddng dien day nghe Id , % , TCCN Id 1,4%; d phd bien Thyc te cho t h ^ , yeu cdu cdng viee chi Hdi Duong tl le ndy Id 1,07% vd 0,86% Cdc sd can trinh dp trung cd'p thi lai bd' tri ngudi tdt nghiep lieu tren cho thd'y, eong tdc phdn ludng HS sou DH; yeu cdu lao ddng k l thudt thi sudyng loo ddng THCS Id vd'n de edn dupe dpc bi§t quan tdm Sd khdng qua ddo tpo Dd Id chua ke mdt sd co sd su HS sou td't nghiep THCS tham gia lao dqng dung loo ddng yeu cdu ngudi lao ddng phdi td't hoqc d nhd dao ddng khodng tren dudi nghiep THPT 15%, d d , mot sd HS tiep tyc dn tap de thi 2} Nguyen nhdn chu quan: + Cdng tdc GDHN vdo THPT ndm sou (xem bleu dd) ddi vdi HS THCS kem hieu qud, mong ndng tfnh hinh thue Phdn Idn HS tdt nghiep THCS chua co djnh hudng nghe nghi$p tucmg lai; + Chucmg trinh G D N N thieu tfnh lien thdng HS hoc chuong trinh G D N N mud'n hpc len CD, DH kt thudt nhieu ngdnh nghe chua ed chuang trinh, cd liSn thong phyc vy ehuyen ddi ngdnh nghe cung ' " ^ THPT THPT (Ke V H V l | GD^4N l o o J ^ n g a nhd nhieu bd'teqp Nhieu HS hpc chuong trinh G D N N Bieu dd Ti le phdn ludng HS sau THCS cd nguyen vpng hpc DH, CD phdi quay Iqi «xep ndm hgc 2009-2010 hdng" cung HS sou THCS; + M d hinh G D N N cho Tdm Iqi, xdc djnh phan ludng HS sou THCS Id HS sou THCS hien chua phu hop HS sou nhiem vy quan trpng, Hdi Duong dd ed nhieu THCS cd dpc diem Id d dp tudi vi thdnh nien, rdt chu truong, chinh sdch, de dn tdc dong den eong edn sy chdm sdc trye tiep cua glo dinh, tdc ndy Tuy nhien, HS sou THCS van chu yeu lya cdc ca sd G D N N trinh dp trung cd'p hdu het d % % % Tap chi Giao due s6 (ki • 1/2012) % % thdnh p h d vd thj x d Mdt khdc, tdm li hpc cao hon khdng nhung chi d tinh vyc kl thudt md edn d ed cdc Irnh vuc khoa hpc khdc Id dqc diem edn dupe ton trpng, thi md hinh hien chua thudn Ipi; tinh kinh te GD chua cao; + Co cdu he thdng GD qudc ddn hien bdt thudn cho viee phdn ludng HS sou THCS Hoi bleu hien cd dnh hudng Idn nhdt den phdn ludng Id phdt trien qud Idn quy md GD THPT vd GD DH; -i- Co quan qudn li GfD d dia phuong chua c6 nhung gidi phdp mpnh me viee chi dao eong tdc phdn ludng HS sou THCS Cde nguyen nhdn ndi tren quan he tuong ho vdi nhau, cung tdc ddng vdo viee phdn ludng HS sou THCS - Phdn ludng HS sou THCS Id mdt nhiem vy quan trpng, gdp phdn ddo tqo ngudn nhdn lye cho chuyen ddi eo cdu kinh te thdi kiCNH,HDH.Thuc trqng HS sou THCS d Hdi Duong chu yeu lya chpn vdo hpc THPT vd djnh hudng hpc DH dd gdy mdt edn ddi ve co cdu trinh dp ddo tpo vd long phi GD-DT C6 nhieu nguyen nhdn ddn den tinh trpng tren Trong do, cd nhijng nguyen nhdn thupc ve dja phuong, ed nhung nguyen nhdn phqm vi cd nude Vlec xdc dinh rd thuc trqng vd nguyen nhdn thyc trqng Id mdt nhOng ca sd Xay dpg va hoan ihlen (Tiep theo trang 4} vdi bdi cdnh xd hdi vdi mot he thdng ede quan he phuc tap dd quy djnh edeh Hep can gido dye cdeh ti&'p edn helhdng Quan niem «ddi mdi" chinh Id nhdn thuc dung vd Idm dung theo quy ludt khdch quan vd'n cd eua sy vdt hien tucmg Budc ddu tien de ddi mdi can bdn vd todn dien gido dye chinh Id xem xet Ipi co cdu he fhd'ng, bdn ehd't gido dye cua chung to co di dung quy ludt hay khdng Ddi mdi phdi bdt ddu tu nhd trudng, frong h\fdng hpc «dgy tdt - hgc tdi"; ngudi day vd ngudi hpc phdi cd «ki cuong - tinh thuong - trdch nhiem"; coi lao ddng vd HD x d hdi Id phuong tien de gido dye; thyc hien «trudng trudng, Idp lap, thay thay, trd trd" vdi nguyen If ehung: «ddn tpc - khoa hpc - dqi chung"; vdi triet li ndi dung: trudng hpc Id nal dung dudng, dgy sy trung thyc vdi tieu ehf chdn - thien - mT - ich, loqi b d nhijng vd fch vd sy gid ddi Nhijng vd'n de tren ddy khdng mdi, nhung dang edn Idm dung ddi vdi he thong gido dye Viet Nam G de de ede gidi phdp ddy mqnh cdng tdc phdn ludng HS sou THCS, gdp phdn ehudn bj nhdn luc cho cdng cupe C N H , HDH dja phuong U Tai lieu ttiam khao Ban Cli^p tiinh Trung ircmg Clii tlii s6 10/GDMN 5/12/201 Iciia B6 Ctiinh tn ve phd cap giao due m i m non ctio tre tuoi, ciing c6' k£l qua pti6 cap giao due li^u tioc va THCS tSng cudng piian lu6ng tioc sinti sau THCS va xoa mij chO cho ngu^i Idn B6 GD-DT Bao cao vi Thirc trang vS giai phap phan lu6ng hpc sinh THCS v^ THPT Ki yC'u hOi thao cac giai phap phan luong hpc sinh sau THCS va THPT 11/9/2009, Ha Noi Sd GD-DT Hai Ducmg Bao cio tinh hinh phal tri^n giao due - dao tao 2006-2010, k^t qua thuc hi^n nhiem vu nini hpc 2010-2011, phuong huong nhi^mvy nSm hoc 2011-2012, Hai Ducmg SUMMARY In Hoi Duong, most students, after finishing lowersecondar/education, go to upper-secondary schools, and then to universities There are many causes of this situation which are the matter of awareness, the labour market, the information on demand for employment, the mechanism and policies, the ineffectiveness in career-oriented education, the lack of continuation in training, the lack of appropriate model on vocational education, the inappropriate structure of national education system and the poor management and direction Tai lieu t h a m khao NhOng bi quyit cdng cua gido due Phdn Lan Tdng hop theo BBC New, Ban tin giao due, 10/2009 Du an Phat trien giao due THPT - Khoa tap hu^n v^ Phat tridn chuang trinh (tai lieu dich) cua Ian Macpherson va Christine Ludwig, Australia, 2005 Trin Khanh Diic "Mot sO' vSn dS phat trien dOl ngO giang vien dai hoc xa h6i hien dai" 7pp chi Gido due sd 260 kj 2, thang 4/2011 David Dapice Nhimg mdi de doa va tri^n vpng: v^n d^ chuyen ddi giao due dai hoc Viet Nam, Dan theo: Tuyen tap cac bai nghien cihi ve giao due qudc te (Pham Thi Ly dich) TT nghien ciiu v i giao luu vSn hda giao due qudc l6, Vifin NCGD -Truong DHSP TP Hd Chi Minh, trang 314 Pham Hdng Quang Moi truong giao due NXB Cido due, H 2006 SUMMARY Commenting on 'basic and comprehensive renovation of education of Viet Nam", the author suggests some solutions to develop university educational environment, which emphasizes the perfectof teaching environment criteria at school lev^; completing science-technology criteria and conditions to perform those solutions Tap chi Giao due so (u a • i/aem ... lu6ng tioc sinti sau THCS va xoa mij chO cho ngu^i Idn B6 GD-DT Bao cao vi Thirc trang vS giai phap phan lu6ng hpc sinh THCS v^ THPT Ki yC''u hOi thao cac giai phap phan luong hpc sinh sau THCS va... te cho t h ^ , yeu cdu cdng viee chi Hdi Duong tl le ndy Id 1,07% vd 0,86% Cdc sd can trinh dp trung cd''p thi lai bd'' tri ngudi tdt nghiep lieu tren cho thd''y, eong tdc phdn ludng HS sou DH;... l o o J ^ n g a nhd nhieu bd''teqp Nhieu HS hpc chuong trinh G D N N Bieu dd Ti le phdn ludng HS sau THCS cd nguyen vpng hpc DH, CD phdi quay Iqi «xep ndm hgc 2009-2010 hdng" cung HS sou THCS;