II DIEN D A N XAY DUNG CHIEN LlTUC PHAT TRIEN TRl/dNG DAY NGHE BANC PHtfCiNC PHAP KHUNC LOCIC Le Vin Churc Bp Lao ddng ThUdng hinh vd Xd hpi Khung logic Id mpt cdng cy, trong sd nhicu cdng cy khdc, df[.]
II DIEN D A N XAY DUNG CHIEN LlTUC PHAT TRIEN TRl/dNG DAY NGHE BANC PHtfCiNC PHAP KHUNC LOCIC Le Vin Churc Bp Lao ddng ThUdng hinh vd Xd hpi Khung logic Id mpt cdng cy, sd nhicu cdng cy khdc, dflpc sfl dyng sudt qud trinh xdy dflng chien Iflpc, hogch dinh ke hogch vd qudn ly chien Iflpc, chfldng trinh, dfl dn nhdm tdm tdt mpt each rd rdng, chdt ehe nhat ve ket qud cua cd tien trinh phdn tich van de, lgp ke hogch, tham djnh, thflc hifn, giam sdt, ddnh gid Phflpng phdp khung logic Id mpt phfldng phdp xdy dflng va qudn ly chien Iflpc, dfl dn, dfla tren khung logic de phdn tieh cdc yeu td cua chien Iflpe tfl dd thiet lap mdi Uen hf logic gifla cdc yeu td dd Cach tiep cgn khung logic 1.Tinh Logic Logic hdng dpc: Cap dp mye tieu hen quan ehgt Thi Muc dich cuoi cung che vdi theo cap dp Thi cao thap, tinh MIIC tieu logic dxigc Neu hjen bieu dfldi dgng Thi Dau nhieu mfnh Neu de lien tiep "neu, thi" Neu tat ca Hoat d^ng cdc hoat dpng Neu dxigc thflc logic cung cd the dxigc djnh hifn thi se tgo dxigc cdc dau nghia: Khung logic Id mpt tap ra; Neu tgo dflpc day du cdc hpp cdc gia thiet dfl0c ket ndi dau thi se thfle hifn dflpc bdi mfnh de "neu, thi" sfl cdc mye tieu vd neu thflc hifn ket ndi mang y nghia ve cap dp dflpc cdc mye tieu thi se gdp cua mye tieu, nen dxigc gpi la phan dgt dflpfe mye dich cudi logic hing dpc eung Vdi y nghia ndy, khung Cac sd Ifldng Cdc ngudn chflng Hifu qua hogc tic dpng vifc hoan thdnh cfl xac minh vifc hoan mye cua chien Iflgfc, chfldng mye tieu tieu trinh, dfl an Cac gia djnh ve nhflng yeu td ben ngoai ddi vdi vifc hoan mye tieu Cac ngudn chflng cfl xdc minh vifc hoin cic diura Cac gia djnh ve nhflng yeu to ben ngoai ddi vdi vifc hoan mye tieu Muc tieu: Ddu ra: Cac ket qua dfl Cae eon sd djnh thu dfldc tfl chien Ifldng vifc hoan lfl(?c, chfldng trmh, dfl cac dau an Hoat dong: Nhflng hogt dpng chinh Cac sd phai tiln hanh nhim dgt Ifldng vifc hoan dfl(?c cac dau dfl djnh cac hogt dpng Nhdn bdi ngdy 8/2/2012 40 • TAP CHi THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 79-3/2012 Cac ngudn chflng Cac gia djnh ve nhflng cfl xac minh vifc yeu to ben ngoai ddi vdi hoin cac vifc hoan dau hogt dpng DI^N X&c djnh rd ring muc dich cuoi cung, cac mye tieu, d^u \k ho^t d$ng Logic hdng ngang: cde cap dp mye tieu de deu dflpc xdc dinh rd ve mfle dp dat dflpc bdi cdc chl so xac dinh vifc thfle hifn vd cdc phfldng tifn xdc minh cy the cdc chi sd dd Vdi y nghla logic hdng dpc vd logic hdng ngang, khung logic cung cd the dflpc dinh nghia: Khung logic Id sfl ket hpp gifla Ipgic hdng dpc vd logic hdng ngang Phfldng phap tiep can cua khung logic Phfldng phip tiep can cua khung logic Id sfl dyng hf thdng cde cdng cy lien quan nhfl: ^ Phdn tich hifn trgng van de; Xdy dflng cay mye tieu; -^ Lip ma tran logic; -^ Phin tich hifn trgng eac ben tham gia phin tich cac gid djnh rui ro Mdi quan hf gifla phdn tich edy mye tieu vd phdn tich nguyen nhan ket qua nhfl sau: Chuan bj cdc mfnh de "neu, thi" lien ket mpt cdch chat che nhat nhflng van de giii quyet eua chien Iflpc, chfldng trinh, dfl dn de lap ma trdn logic, ggn loc ede mfnh de mpt each ngan gpn nhat, tinh khiet nhat, de hieu nhat va trfle tiep nhat Lfla chpn cic chi sd xie djnh vifc thflc hifn mye tieu mpt cich phu hgp nhat, rd rang nhit de nhin dxigc cic ket qua ky vpng se dat dflde vd OAN II -> Phu hpp (Appropriate) vdi dac trflng cua mye tieu vd / \ phu'orng x&c djnh vdi nhflng muc dich hogt dpng -Vv\ tifn vivc thyc thflc hifn cy the; \ / xie minh hifn m^c -^ Thflc te (Realistic) deed cy Ihe tiSu the phan dau dat dUpc va mfle dgt dflpc la cd y nghla tdc dpng tgo Cd sd khach quan cho hogt den mye tieu d cap cao hdn; dpng ddnh gid Cd han dinh ve thdi gian Vifc thiet lap cde cap dp (Time bound) de xac djnh thdi muc tieu gan lien vdi vifc lfla gian bat dau va thdi gian hoan chpn cdc chi sd vd phai dam bao cdc nguyen tac thiet Cdc chi sd xac dinh vifc lgp mye tieu nhfl sau: thflc hifn mye tieu da dflpc lfla • i L Nguon chirng cir xie djnh Til' nguoD hifn c6 Thiet lap nguon miii de Ihu th|p th£m thong tin dit lifu Da iitifc chuan bi day du hoat d$ng can thifp dif luen Da dirfTc chuan bj day dii ho^t d9ng dy Xuen can thifp Da thay d6 Xi eie chi so trung gian, c6 the xac d|nh du'9'c Ichac TAP CHi THIFT BI GIAO DUC-SO - / 2 • 41 II Dim OAN Cic yeu cau sfl dyng khung Logic: Sfl dyng khung logic ddi hdi phdi ddm bdo cac yeu cau: ir Ngin gpn, rd rdng, sue tich; Ket hpp cdc hogt dpng vdi ngudn dau tfl vd nhflng ket qud dfl djnh; -> Phdi cd quan diem todn difn ve mpt van dc (tat cd cdc dau vd cac hoat dpng phdi dflpc xdc djnh diy du, rd rdng, neu thieu mpt cdc yeu td dd, thi cd the se ldm cho chien Ixigc, chfldng trinh, khdng dgt dfldc sfl thdnh cdng); ^ Phdi dflpc cdn nhic ngfl cdnh rpng hpn (thdng qua cde gid djnh vd rui ro) vd phdi phdn tieh van de tfl tren xudng vd suy nghi ede van de tfl dfldi len Nhfl vgy, vifc sfl dyng khung logic khdng chi Id mpt chieu eua nhd qudn ly thdng qua vifc phdn tich van de xudng de xie djnh eac cap dp eua mye tieu De hodn thifn vifc xde djnh cde cap dp eua mye tieu, ddi hdi phdi cd sfl suy nghi, nhgn djnh cdc van de tfl dfldi len, md cac ddi tflpng qudn ly hieu rd cic dieu kifn, cic yeu td dau vio de thflc hifn cic hogt dpng da dflpc vgeh Thdng qua hogt ddng thflc te, hp dfla cac gid djnh ed the ldm dnh hfldng ldn den vifc thflc hifn Phan tich vin de tfl tren xudng Cic bflde xiy dflng chi^n Ifl