NGHIEN ciru TRAO 001 PHAT TRIEN B O I NGU GIAO VIEN VA CAN B O QUAN Lf GlAO DVC DAN TOC fT NGIIdl 6 HliSC TA H I | N NAY ThS PHUNG THI PHONG LAN Giao due ddn tdc it nguM (GDDTIN) b nudc ta hong nhflng[.]
NGHIEN ciru TRAO 001 TRIEN B O I NGU GIAO VIEN VA CAN B O QUAN Lf GlAO DVC DAN TOC fT NGIIdl HliSC TA H I | N NAY PHAT ThS PHUNG THI PHONG LAN iao due ddn tdc it nguM (GDDTIN) b nudc ta hong nhflng nam qua ludn nhdn duge su quan tam, ddu tu dac biet cua Nha nudc, dd la sii the hien sdu sac quan dilm, cbinh sach eua Dang va Nba nudc danh cho ddng bao dan tdc ddi tugng chfnh sach ddng vai trd dac biet quan trgng nhung ddi sd'ng edn gap nhilu khd khan, thiet thdi Khing djnb rd vai trd "then chdt" cua giao due su phat trien ddi sd'ng kinh td' - xa hdi, ddng thdi la mdt nhflng giai phap cd tinh chien luge va hieu qua nham tao eo hdi phat triln binh dang eho em ddng bao dan tdc it ngudi (DTIN), thay ddi chdt lugng cudc sd'ng cua chinh minh theo hudng tfeb cue ban La mdt bd phan cua he thd'ng giao due qud'c dan, ed vj trf chie'n luge quan trgng rieng, GDDTIN da cd nhflng budc phat triln vflng chic va dat dugc nhflng tuu dang khich le Trong pham vi bai vie't nay, chung tdi xin gidi han thuc trang cdng tac GDDTIN cac bac hgc phd thdng b nudc ta Trudc day, hdu bet ddng bao DTIN diu khdng biet chfl, de'n nay, ve ea ban, tinh trang xoa mil chfl da dugc giai quye't Cu thi, nam 2000, cae dja phuong cd ddng hgc sinh DTIN da cung ca nudc hoan muc tieu qud'c gia vl phd cdp giao due tilu hgc - chd'ng mii chfl 100% xa cd trudng tieu hgc, trung hgc ca sd hoan ehinh (toan cdp) b khu vuc trung tdm xa Quy md hgc sinh tieu hgc, trung hgc co sd va trung hgc phd thdng cang pbat triln ca vl sd lugng Idn chdt lugng Nam hgc 2010 2011, ty Id hgc sinh la ngudi DTIN cdp tieu hgc chie'm 17,18%, trung hgc CO sd chie'm 15,63%, trung hgc ph6 thdng chie'm 8,05% Hd thdng trudng chuyen biet nhu: trudng phd thdng dan toe ndi tru, trudng du bj dai hge dan tdc, trudng phd thdng ndi trfl dan nudi, dupc xay dung mdt mang ludi hoan ehinh va chdt lugng Ddi sdng van boa, tinh than cua ba DTIN da dugc cai thidn va nang len dang kl Tuy nhien, den nay, GDDTIN vdn bgc Id nhieu ye'u kem, bdt cdp, nhdt la su phat triln mdi cua nin giao due chung ca nudc Tinh trang ty le tre nhap hgc cac cdp chua cao, khdng ddng diu gifla cac dan tdc, cac dja phuong; tinh trang luu ban, bd hgc vdn phd bie'n; sd nam trung binh de hoan mdt cdp hgc cua hgc sinh dan tdc cao ban mflc trung binh cua ca nudc Ddy la mdt van de rdt dang lo ngai, cdn dugc chu trgng quan tam Mdt nguydn nhan nfla cung cdn ban tdi, dd cbinh la ddi ngu giao vidn va can bg quan ly giao due - dao tao, bdi bg la nhan to quan trgng viec day va hgc, quy& dinb mdt phdn den ehdt lugng GDDTIN Cbinh vi vay, tang cudng va pbat triln ngudn nhan lue eho GDDTIN edn phai duge quan tam mdt each dac biet, lam de phat trien ben vung va chdt lugng GDDTIN thuc su dat bieu qua 40 TAP CHI Q U A N LY NHA NUdC - sd 188 (9-2011) G * HOC vi§n Hdnh chinh NGHIEN C(S[i - TRAO DOI L Thuc trang dpi ngfl giao vien va can bd quan ly giao due ddn tdc it ngudi Ddi ngu giao vidn vung DTIN ed nhung net dac thu ridng qua trinh hinh va pbat trien, dugc dao tao tai chd, dac biet la giao vien ngudi DTIN va huy ddng mdt luc lugng giao vidn d cae tinh miin xudi Idn miin mii day hgc Tdng sd giao vien vung DTIN la 74.314 ngudi tdng sd giao vidn ca nude la 818.538 ngudi (chiem 9,08%) Trong kbi lugng hgc sinh dan tdc la 2.275.771 boc sinh trdn tdng sd I4."851.820 (chiem 15',32%) Ddi ngfl giao vidn tieu hgc vflng DTIN dugc dao tao theo nhilu he 5+3, 7+3, 9+3, 12+2, 12+3, cao dang, sd' giao vien tieu hge ngudi DTIN hien chie'm 12,13% tdng sd giao vien tilu hgc ca nudc (nam hge 2010 2011) Giao vien tieu hgc vung DTIN tflng budc dugc chuin hod Ty le giao vien trung bgc co sd chie'm 7,58%, trung hgc phd thdng khoang 4,79% so vdi tdng giao vidn ca nudc (nam bgc 2010 2011) Hang nam thdng qua cac chuong trinh bdi dudng cua Bd Giao due va Dao tao, cac du an, ddi ngu giao vidn dugc nang cao trinh chuydn mdn Idn dang kl Ddi ngu gan bd quan Iy giao due d vung DTIN duge lua ehgn tfl nhflng giao vidn cd trinh chuydn mdn phu hgp vdi cac bac hge, nim vflng chu truong, chfnh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc dd'i vdi GDDTIN, cd kinh nghiem cdng tac, am bieu phong tuc, tap quan dan tdc Trong nhflng nam qua, chfnh sach, che' dd dd'i vdi giao vien, can bd quan ly GDDTIN da cd nhflng cbuyin bien nhu: chinh sach cir tuyln tao ngudn giao vien, chfnh sach dai ngd dd'i vdi giao vien vung DTIN, nhdt la chinh sach dd'i vdi nha giao tir miin xudi len cdng tac d miin niii (chfnh sach phu cap uu dai, phu cdp trach nhiem, quy djnh thdi ban luan ehuyin cdng tac, ), nhflng ehfnh sach bd trg khac ciia dja phuong, Tuy nhidn, han cbe' Idn nhdt hien vdn la chdt lugng ddi ngu giao vidn vd can TAP CHI Q U A N LY N H A N U C - sd 188 (9-2011) bd quan Iy GDDTIN Trmh dd chuydn mdn ban cbe', cdn mdt ty Id kha Idn giao vien tilu hgc chua dat chuin cac trudng, ty le giao vien ed trinh 9+3 boac thdp ban la 37%, cdn d cae dilm trudng le ty le la 78% Nhilu tinh, ty le giao vien ed trinh dd dudi chuan cdn cao nhu: Kon Tum: 15,'72%, Dik Lik: 13,98%, Tinh trang thie'u giao vidn xay d nhilu dja phuong, nhdt la thieu giao vien d vung DTB^ Sflc ep ve khdi lugng cdng viec Idn nhflng khd khan gap phai cang khien hg vdt va ban Nam hgc 2010 2011, tdng sd giao vien viing DTIN chiem 9,08% sd giao vien ea nudc, lugng hgc sinh DTIN chie'm 15,32% hgc sinh ca nudc Mdt phep tinh don gian cflng cho thdy su ban che'trong cdng tac GDDTIN Mdt giao vidn vung DTIN cd 30,62 hgc sinh, sd binh quan trdn ca nudc la 18,14 hgc sinh/giao vien Ben canh dd, cdn cd trd ngai khac nhu: bdt ddng ngdn ngfl, su khae biet vl van hoa, phong tue tap quan, dilu kien day hge va sinh sd'ng, phong trao hgc tap cua hgc sinh, su iing hd va hgp tac cua gia dinb phu huynh hgc sinh, (3iao vidn cdn nhilu ngudi thie'u hieu bie't vl tam sinh Iy hgc sinh DTIN, ve phuong phap day hgc phii hgp vdi dd'i tugng hgc sinh Vide dilu chuyen giao vien ehua dugc thuc hien td't, nhilu giao vien bj dilu chuyen chua thuc su "thiet tha" vdi nghi, khdng yen tam cdng tac ndn d cac trudng vimg cao hay bj xao trdn vl mat nhan su, anh hudng den cdng tac chung Bd may va ddi ngu can bd quan ly GDDTIN cham dugc hinh Bien che' eac co quan chi dao giao due d dja phuong vflng DTIN thudng ban cbe nen chua cd cac bien phap quan Iy phii hgp Qua thuc trang trdn cho thay, nguyen nhan Idn nhdt chinh la trinh ciia ddi ngu can bd quan ly va giao vidn viing DTIN Nhflng giao vien gidi cd kha nang cao ban viec lua chgn mdt vj tri cdng viec td't (day d mien xudi, nhflng trudng ehuyen, ldp ehgn, thu nhap cao, dieu kien lam viec td't, hge sinh ddng, cd phong trao 41 NGHIEN CCfU TRAO DOI hge tap, CO bdi pbat triln cao, ) Ngugc lai, d vung DTIN vd cung khd khan, tfl dilu kien day hgc thieu thdn (trudng ldp, sach vd thieu thdn), dilu kien sd'ng khic nghiet (khoang each dia ly xa xdi, thdi tie't), hgc sinh ft, phong trao hgc khdng phat triln, cbe' dai ngd thdp, co hdi phat trien chuydn mdn thdp va ddi sdng tinh thdn ngheo nan, nen khdng hdp ddn viee thu hiit giao vien Tham chi cd nhflng giao vidn la ngudi DTIN sau qua trinh hgc tap tai cac trudng dai bgc su pham cung tim mgi each bam try tai miin xudi hay cae viing trung tam huyen thj miin niii chfl nhdt djnh khdng ve cdng tac tai noi vung sau, viing xa, cho du dd la qud huong minh Chfnh vi the, cdng viec noi day phdn ddng chi thu but dugc nhflng giao vien miin xudi khdng the xin viec dugc d vung miin xudi Trinh eua hg vd'n da chua eao lai cang bj han chd' phat triln ban bdi dilu kien sd'ng va lam vide khd khan Do dd, hg vfla khdng cd dilu kien lai vfla thie'u ddng lire nang cao nang luc trinh dd chuydn mdn He thd'ng ehfnh sach chua du manh dl tao dilu kien cho nha giao va can bd quan ly yen tam va phat huy kha nang eua minh cdng tac Chi tiln luong va phu cap dd'i vdi nha giao cdng tae d vung DTIN ehua tuong xflng, chua ddng lire dl thu hut nha giao miin xudi tinh nguyen len cdng tac viing DTIN Chua ed che do, ehinh sach uu dai dd'i vdi can bd quan Iy giao due vung DTIN Mot sdgiai phap phat trien dgi ngu giao vien va can bo quan ly GDDTIN - Cdn xay dung quy hoach tdng thi phat trien ddi ngu giao vidn va can bd quan ly giao due eac cap dl dam bao sd lugng cung nhu chdt lugng, dap iing yeu cdu cdng viec Trong dd, can dac biet chii trgng cdng tac dao tao giao vien tai elid, dam bao ed mdt ty le giao vien ngudi DTIN dugc tuyen chgn tfl cac trudng phd thdng dan tdc ndi trii, du bj dai hoe 42 - Xay dung va thuc hidn tdt cac chinh sach, che uu dai dac biet dd'i vdi ddi ngu giao vidn va can bd quan ly giao due: tien luong, phu cdp, hgc tap nang cao trinh dp, che ve nha b, ndng cao ddi sdng vdt chdt va tinh than, chinh sach ludn chuydn giao vidn Thue bien tdt cac chfnh sach dai ngd de dam bao giao vien yen tam cdng tac d vung DTIN - Dao tao giao vidn day tidng DTIN, day tieng Viet eho hge sinh DTIN, bd sung cac kie'n tbflc tam sinh ly hgc sinh DTIN, phong tuc tap quan cua cac DTIN Bdi dudng chuin boa giao vidn cac cdp theo tieu chuin chflc danh nha giao To chfle cae ldp bdi duang chuyen dl, ky nang, phuong phap su pham dac thii, ket hgp vdi eae du an cua Bd Giao due va Dao tao cung nhu cac td chflc phi chinh phii va ngoai nudc Ngudn nhan luc cua bdt ky Iinh vuc nao cung ludn la nhan td cd tfnh quyet djnh den chat lugng va bieu qua boat ddng Ddi vdi giao due, nhdt la GDDTIN - mdt hoat ddng cd tfnh dac thii, vai trd eua nhan td cang trd nen quan trgng Xay dung dpi ngu nha giao va can bd quan Iy GDDTIN khdng nhflng edn cd trinh dd chuydn mdn, ky nang su pham ma cdn rdt cdn ed su tan tam, ydu nghi, me'n tre, cd nghj lue va sit hy sinh, quye't tam gin bd lau dai vdi ba DTIN De cd dugc dieu dd, ngoai su nd luc bet minh tfl phfa bg, cdn ed su quan ly, quan tam, hd trg, khuye'n khfch, tir Nha nude bing chd' do, chfnh sach phii hgp, de trd ddng luc cho dpi ngfl giao vien va can bd quan ly GDDTIN yen tam cdng tac, vibig vang tren chang dudng ddy gian nan, nhung rat vinh quang nayO Tai lieu tham khao: Bdo cdo ve linh hinh gido due ddn tpc hiin vd phuang huang phdt trien den ndm 20201 Hpi nghi Giao due dan toe loan quoe, nam 2008 Sd lieu Thdng ke loan nganh Gido due til ndm hoc 1999 - 2000 den nam hgc 2010 - 2011, B6 Giao due va Dao tao TAP CHI Q U A N LY N H A N U C - sd 188 (9-2011) ... DTIN sau qua trinh hgc tap tai cac trudng dai bgc su pham cung tim mgi each bam try tai miin xudi hay cae viing trung tam huyen thj miin niii chfl nhdt djnh khdng ve cdng tac tai noi vung sau, viing... phong tue tap quan, dilu kien day hge va sinh sd''ng, phong trao hgc tap cua hgc sinh, su iing hd va hgp tac cua gia dinb phu huynh hgc sinh, (3iao vidn cdn nhilu ngudi thie''u hieu bie''t vl tam sinh... ehfnh sach chua du manh dl tao dilu kien cho nha giao va can bd quan ly yen tam va phat huy kha nang eua minh cdng tac Chi tiln luong va phu cap dd''i vdi nha giao cdng tae d vung DTIN ehua tuong