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THirC HIEN GOI DONG CO HOC TAP CHO HOC SINH TIEU HOC THONG QUA DAY HOC MON TOAN TRAN NGOC LAN PHAIW HAI LY Truiyng DHSP Ha Noi I Datvande Xu hudng day hpc ngiy nay dit ra yiu cau bdc thie''''t ddi V(5i n[.]
THirC HIEN GOI DONG CO HOC TAP CHO HOC SINH TIEU HOC THONG QUA DAY HOC MON TOAN TRAN NGOC LAN - PHAIW HAI LY Truiyng DHSP Ha Noi I.Datvande Xu hudng day hpc ngiy dit yiu cau bdc thie't ddi V(5i ngucn day l i tich cue A.N Leonehiev (1) cho rang dpng eo hpc tip cda trd nhu i i su djnh hudng cda cae em ddi viS viee itnh hdi tri thdc hda ngudi hpc, tdc i i giio viin (GV) d n tao Theo L.i Bozovic (2) thi dpng CO hpc cho ngudi hpc mpt thii dp hpc tap hdng thd, tu tap i i ti't ca nhffng bilu hiin nhu tre hpc vi giie, ehd ding Thue tien day hpe cho thay, ed eii gl? Nhffng kieh thich ddi vdi hoat ddng hpe nhieu cich de dat dupc yiu d u ndi trin, tip l i gi? Cai gi thdc day cac em say mi hpc nhiin bai vidt niy, chdng tdi mudn dd cip tip? Hay ndi cich khic, dpng cd hpc tip l i din khia canh cdn chua duoc bin nhidu dd l i ti't ca nhffng gi ma hpe sinh hpc tap vi chdng gpi npi iuc td bin cda ngucn hpc - van d i gtji dpng co hpc tip ndi chung v i gpi dpng co P.M lacopson (3) eho rang dpng cd hpe tap cung nhu ding ed boat dpng nhan thdc la hpc tip eho HS mon Toin ndi rieng kit qui cda su ehe bien nhffng tic dpng mi Mot sd van de ve c0 sd ii luan va thilic tiln hp tiep nhan td gia dinh v i ngoai x i hpi v i i Quan niem dpng erf hgc tap theo quan nhu vay nd tao quan h i cd y thdc cua diem tam lyhgc va If luan day hpc ngudi dd vdi nhffng tic dpng dd Thuyi't hinh vl dua mP hinh kieh thieh - phan Ung, coi klch thich ia ngudn gdc tao phan dng v i dpng co Theo J Piaget: Dpng cd l i tit ea eic Theo Khaciamop (4): Xet ve mat su pham, nhifng ddng ca gan vdi ban than qua trinh boat ddng nhan thUe ta nhifng ddng ca cd gia tri nhat Nhifng ddng ca dd li: Idng yeu td thdc di'y ea the hoat dpng nham dip ham mudn va khat vong tu tim ciu tra Idi eho dng nhu cau v i djnh hudng cho hoat dpng dd mdt eau hdi dat hoac mdt van de neu ra, Liin Xd cu, vln dd dpng cd hpe tap cam giae hai Idng giai quyet thinh cdng da dupc nhidu tac gia nghiin cffu: A.N Leon- mdt van de thuc tiin qui trinh boat dong chiev, L.I Bozovie, A.K Markova tu mang lal Dd l i nhffng tJpng cd tri tue THONG TIN TRAO D P I (Phit huy tinh tich cue hpc tip cda hpc sinh nhu the nao?) Tic gii Nguydn K l Hio (5) cho rang: Bdng ea li hinh inh dinh hudng chii quan ciia bii tip dd, khdng thieh giii nhffng bii tip tu nguydn, nlu bat budc phii ehpn mdt nhdng bii tip da cho thi sin sing ehpn bii dd so vdi ning cda minh hiin Ihuc khich quan vi hinh inh dd klch ' D^ng ca quan hi xS hgi thich hgc sinh /ipc tip (Vd nang hinh Thuc t l cdng cd HS say sua hpc tap thinh dpng cfl hpe tip) Nhin chung cic nhi su pham, cic khdng d muc tiiu vd tri thdc, nhung muc tiiu iai chi ed thi dat dupe didu kiin eic em nhi tam il hpc, giio due hpc v i ngoii chilm itnh dupc tri thdc khoa hpc VI du: phan nudc da rit quan tim din vai trd cua ddng ed thudng vit chit, su hii idng cda eha me, Idng hpe tip Dpng cp die trung cho nhffng ydu td hii'u danh hay su khim phuc eda ban bi, can bin thdc di'y hoat dpng hpc tip v i cd bang cap vi Ipi Ich tuong lai, d|a vi c i nhin quyi't djnh chit iupng cda hoat ddng eude sdng da idi cudn, hip din eic em Ddng co ddng tao hdng thd, HS cd hdng hpc tip Trong trudng hpp niy, nhffng mdi thd hpc tip thi tu glic v i ehd dpng tao iip quan tim cua d nhin dupc hien than d ddi kidn thdc Viec nghien cdu cic bidn phap gdi tupng hpe tip, thdc di'y eic em tieh cue hpe ddng cd hpc tip cda hpc sinh d l dng dung Odi tupng dlch thue cda boat dpng hpc tip chi qui trinh day hpc cic mdn hpc eu thi i i phuong tiin de dat muc tiiu co ban khic trd nin bdc thiet ddi vdi mpi GV Hoat dpng hpe tip dupe thdc diy bdi dpng co 2.2 Cac dang dpng catheo quan diem tam quan h i xa hdi d mdc dd nio dd mang tinh IIhpc va IIluan day hpc cudng bdc, vi thi nd gin lidn vdi su dng Can cff vao cic eo ehl tim il bin thing tam ly, ddi hoi phii di'u tranh vdi chinh cda qui trinh nhin thdc ngudi ta phin ban thin, hpc sinh d l vi pham npi quy, lo ii eic dang dpng cd hpc tip sau: viic hpc Dpng cP hpc tip nhu viy dupe gpi * Dpng COtoanthinh bii hoc HS ed gang nghe giang hoac hoan bii tip de eho xong nhiim vu Ddng co niy tidm an nguy cP dan de'n tinh trang hpe l i ddng co quan he x i hdi ' Dpng ca hoin thiin tri ttiUc Nghta i i hpc sinh say sua hpc tip vl sde hip dan idi kio cda ban thin tri thdc vi sinh mit hdng thd hpc tip, ludl hpc ia d c nhffng phuong phip giinh tri thdc ly, la mong em chi mudn iim xong nhiim vu nin de thda mudn khao kbit chilm Itnh, md rpng tri thdc, man moi lim xong mpt bii tap, rit ngai tim say mi vdi viee hpc tap, ban thin tri thdc vi kiem nhdng phudng phip khic de giai phudng phip giinh tri thdc cd sde hap din I nvjKlj I IN I KAO flOl loi cudn hpe sinh Ngudi cd ddng co ludn biit cda HS vdi mdn hpc mi HS tha'y cd y nd lue y ehl, khae phuc trd ngai tff ben ngoii nghta v i kha nang dem iai eim giie de dat nguyin vpng ben Hoat ddng hpc pha'n qui trinh hpe tip Hdng thd klch tip dupc thdc day bdi dpng co hoin thiin tri thich, thdc day HS tieh cue hoat dpng Do thdc thudng khpng ehffa dung xung ddt bdn vay, cd thi col hUng thil hoe tip ii mdt dang Cd thi cd nhdng khd khan qui biSu hiin eda ddng ea hoe tap trinh hpc, ddi hdi phai od nd lue y ehl d l khae Nhu viy, ding co ndi ehung v i dpng phuc, nhung ia khac phuc eic trd ngai bin cd hpe tip ndi riing thudng iiin h i mit thidt ngoii chff khing hddng vio da'u tranh vdl tdi hdng thd cda mdi ngudi Nhd d hdng thu chinh bin thin Do dd, chd thd eda boat dpng mi dpng co ngiy cing manh me Ngupc lai, hpc khpng cd nhffng dng thing tim ly Hoat idij c6 ding co hpc tip ddng dan thi mdi ed ddng hpc tap dupc thdc day bdi dpng cP f,(,„g t,,;^ ,,§„ vffng v i HS mdi d the linh hdi dupc coi l i tdi uu itnh vuc su pham ,,; ,h^, ^ g , ^^ A.K.Markova v i V.A.Knjteski cho rang ngoii cic ddng CO trin cdn cd dang thd ° ca sang • tao " Od la mdc phit • "trien tu: *"Bdng cao nhit cda dpng co hpc tip Thudng thi ca bdn dang dpng cP niy cung dupc hinh thinh d hpc sinh v i dupc sap xep theo thd bae Trong nhffng didu kiin nhat djnh cda viic day v i hpc thi mpt bdn dang dpng eo s i noi lin chilm vi trj uu the sir sap xIp thff bac eda eac dpng eo „|3„ ^^j ^ g ^ , ^^^ ^.^ ^.^ , ^^ ^.^^ , ^.^ ,, , k-.k - k k• - k dmh, quan he thay eo, ban be, eo so vat ehat nhi trudng cung l i khia canh mi xem xet dpng CO hpc tap khdng the bd qua cic yeu td niy Hoat dpng hpc tip cda HS dupc thdc day bdi mpt h i thdng nhffng dpng eo cd npi dung khae Cd nhdng dpng eo ddng vai tro klch thich, ro nhffng dpng co ddng vai trd tao y (dd l i nhffng dpng co gin cho boat dpng mpt 2.3 Quan he glus dong cahoc tap, hiing thu him y nhin cich) Trong tnidng hpp ding cd hoctap, noi dung hoc ^k va cac yiu to khac '^ " ^ thd hpe tap hudng vio edng mot mue hinh thinh dpng co hpc tip eho *'ô"ã * " " *^= ^^"^ ' ™ ^° '^^ "^'^"- ^^« HS, giio vien d n thdng qua t l chdc bii ™ ''"='' '^ "^"^ ^'^^S "^V mi boat dpng gling, sd dung phuong phip day hpc lim cho *''?'= '?P «YoA(.:Oi\onPiess,1970 10 B F Skinner Foundation, Sconce and Human Behavior, 1953 ISBN 0-02-929040-6 A free TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyin K l Hio (2/1983), /Wdf sd phuang phip nghien cUu ddng ca hoe tap Tap chl nghiin cffu giio due Ha Npi Khaciamop (1979), Phit huy tinh tieh cue hoc tap eCia hoe sinh nhu the nio? tap 2, Nxb Giio due Hi Npi Nguyen Ba Kim (2009), Phuang phip day hoe mdn Toin, Nxb DHSP, Ha Ndi ropy of this book (in a 1.6 MB pdf file) may be downloaded at the BFSkinner.orq 11 B F Skinner with James G Holland, 1961 The Analysis of Behavior A Program for Self Instruction, the Foundation web site has an interactive version ISBN 0-07-029565-4 12 V.A KnjteskI, The Psychology of Mathematical Abilities In Schoolchlidren, University of Chicago Press (1976) 23 ... budc phii ehpn mdt nhdng bii tip da cho thi sin sing ehpn bii dd so vdi ning cda minh hiin Ihuc khich quan vi hinh inh dd klch '' D^ng ca quan hi xS hgi thich hgc sinh /ipc tip (Vd nang hinh Thuc... trd em mit mdi v i chin hpe toin 2.5 Cdsdthifc tien Thuc t l cho thi''y, d GV da ddng cich Cic ki''t qua diiu tra thuc t l cho tha''y niy cho ddi tupng HS dua thit yiu thfch toin GV tieu hpc thudng... de''n tinh trang hpe l i ddng co quan he x i hdi '' Dpng ca hoin thiin tri ttiUc Nghta i i hpc sinh say sua hpc tip vl sde hip dan idi kio cda ban thin tri thdc vi sinh mit hdng thd hpc tip, ludl