J ^ TRUC TIEN GIAO DUG CAC YEU TO ANH HlfQlNG DEN XU HUOlNG CHON NGANH HOC CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG BINH THUAN 1 Oat van de Mdt trong nhdng ylu td quan trpng quyet djnh tuong lai eua mdi ngudi[.]
J ^ TRUC TIEN GIAO DUG CAC YEU TO ANH HlfQlNG DEN XU HUOlNG CHON NGANH HOC CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG BINH THUAN LETH! THUY VAN, CAO HAO THI Dal hgc Quoc gia TPHCM Oat van de Mdt nhdng ylu td quan trpng quyet djnh tuong lai eua mdi ngudi la vide lUa chpn nghe nghidp Tu v i n nghe nghidp cua nhilu bac phu huynh cho eon eai va vide chpn trudng, chpn nghi van theo cam tinh " hoac theo tam li dam ddng, thj hilu nhit thdi cua xa hdi, ehua xuat phat trdn nhu eiu sU dung nhan lue, co hdi vide lam that su*" cua hpe sinh (HS) trung hpc phd thdng (THPT) da d i n den he qua t i t ylu la chon sai nganh hoe, gay nen hau qua Idn Mdt sd sinh vidn (SV) ehan nan, bd hpe nUa ehung vi khdng biet minh se lam gi trudng; sd khae thi ehpn eon dudng dn thi lai hoac hoe thdm mdt trudng dai hoe (OH), cao ding (CO) khac - lang phi cdng sUe, tien eua va thdi gian nhung khdng mang lai kit qua tdt Mdt vin de nda la khdng it SV sau trudng lam vide khdng dung vdi ehuyen nganh da hpe Vin d l cin tim hieu la xu hudng ehpn nganh eiia HS THPTnhUthI nao? cae ylu td nao anh hudng d i n vide chpn nganh eua HS va mUc dp tac dpng cua ehung? Cd sti khac bidt cua cac dae diem v l nhan khiu hpc anh hudng cua cae yeu td trdn ddi vdi vide ehpn nganh khdng? oay ehinh la miictidu eiia nghidn cUu dupe thue hidn vdi ddi tupng la HS Idp 12 tai eae trudng THPT tinh Binh Thuan Cor sd li thuyet de xay dUng cac gia thuyet nghien cUu Chpn nganh la nhu ciu cua HS va la mdt quyet dinh quan trpng So sanh vide mua cac san pham khac thi mua san pham giao due la mdt quylt djnh diy rui ro Vin d l rui ro ehpn lUa nganh mang tinh dac trung, bdi vi ehung kbdng t b i chia lai hoac ehuyen nhuong'^' Trdn pbuong didn la ngUdi nghien cUu t i l p thj, eae td chUe dao tao dupe xem la cae nha eung Ung djch vu, cdn HS THPT la khach hang ed nhu eiu sU dung djeh vu Do dd, nghien eUu su dung mdt sd khai nidm v l t i l p thi ed lien quan gdm thang nhu ciu eua Maslow (1943)' md hinh thai dd eua Schiffman & Kanuk (2000)"' dinh nghia Thai dd la mpt pham chat dUPc hinh tri thUc (learned • KHOA HOC GlAO DUC predisposition) de phan Ung mdt each thUc thidn cam hay ae cam ddi vdi mot vat hoac sU vide va li thuylt hanh vi hpp li cua Fishbein & Ajzen (1975) ™, gpi t i t la TRA (theory of reasoned action) eho ring niem tin cua mdt ngudi tidu dung ve kit qua cua mpt hanh vi la y l u td giai thieh cho thai dp cua ho ddi vdi hanh vi dd Thai dp cung vdi chuan ehu quan (subjective norm) se giai thieh eho xu hudng hanh vi eiia ngudi Chuan chii quan la cim nhan cua ngudi tidu dung v l thai dd cua nhdng ngudi quan trpng ddi vdi hp nhu gia dinh, ban be, ve vide hp ed ndn hay khdng ndn thuc hidn hanh vi Ngoai eae khai niem v l Marketing k l trdn, nghidn eUu edn sd dung mpt sd nghien cUu trUdc cd lien quan den chu de gdm: - Nghidn cUu eua Michael Borchert (2002)"' eho thiy cd ba y l u td i n h hUdng d i n vide ehpn nganh la mdi trudng bao gdm bd trp eiia gia dinh va eae ea nhan khac (cha me, hp hang, anh chi em, ban be, thiy ed, cac nha tu v i n hudng nghidp), chinh trj, kinh t l va xa hdi; co hdi va tinh each ea nhan - Theo quan d i l m eua mdt sd nha nghidn cUu trich tUJay W Rojewski & HeejaKim (2003)™, hanh vi ehpn nghd cua nidn dtia trdn sU kit hpp eae quan diem tam li, xa hpi va kinh te va eae biln nhan khau nhu gidi tinh, chung tde vdi kinh t l xa hpi, yeu td tam li ea nhan va mdi trudng Nhan djnh eua cac nha nghidn eUu dupc trich tU nghien cdu ciia J G Maree, N HislopEsterhuizen va eae cdng sU (2009)"' eho ring inh hudng d i n vide theo dudi mue tidu nghi nghidp eua HS la gia dinh, ban bd, he thdng hd trp xa hdi va cac ydu td vj tri dja li, sir di truyin va truyin thdng gia dinh, tinh trang kinh t l xa hpi, bdi eanh gia dinh, phong each va quan d i l m cua eha me ve nghi nghidp, co hdi bpc tap va lam vide, ngudn tai ehinh sin cd eua gia dinh Blannie E Bowen va edng su (2005)"°' da ndu nhdng yeu td anh hudng den vide ehpn nganh cua HS eua cae nha nghien eUu trudc gdm THUC TIEN GIAO DUC ^ theo nghien cUu cua T r i n Van Qui (2009)'"' co hdi vide lam la ed thu nhap cao, vj tri cao xa hpi; eo hdi hoe tap la m o n g m u d n dupe hpc cao hon, m o n g m u d n dUpc du hpc nUde ngoai CP hdi nghe nghiep, giao due hudng nghiep d t h d n g , gidi tinh, ehung tdc, anh hudng eua cha me, ban bd, k i t qua hoc tap va Idng t u eiia ban t h a n Khai nidm ea hpi nghe nghiep dugc de cap dua trdn ket qua nghien eUu eua Pimpa & Suwannapirom ( 0 ) ' " la kha nang cd vide lam dn d j n h va theo m o n g m u d n eua HS sau tdt nghidp, bao g d m cac b i l u hidn: ed duoe edng vide nhu m o n g m u d n , sti t h u hut d d i vdi thj trudng lao ddng, su d a m bao cdng vide t u o n g lai va Tdng hpp n h d n g eo sd li t h u y l t da trinh bay d trdn, cae gia t h u y e t nghidn eUu dupc hinh t h a n h g d m yeu td anh h u d n g d i n xu hudng ehpn nganh eua HSTHPTdd la Oae d i l m c a nhan, Oac diem gia d i n h , Cac ea nhan anh hudng khac, Co hdi n g h i nghidp, Co hdi hpc tap va Kinh te Xa hdi Bdng Kit qud phdn tich nhdn to khdm phd EFA Yeu to Bien quan s