NGHIEN CLfU T R A 0 D 6 | odi Mtin TOAN D I I N GIAO DUG DAO TAG NHAM NANG CAO CHAT Ll/QfNG NGUdN NHAN L^C TS TRAN VAN HUNG I Phat triln, nang cao chdt lugng ngudn nhan lire (NNL) Irong qud Irinh hdi[.]
NGHIEN CLfU T R A D | odi Mtin TOAN D I I N GIAO DUG DAO TAG NHAM NANG CAO CHAT Ll/QfNG NGUdN NHAN L^C TS TRAN VAN HUNG I Phat triln, nang cao chdt lugng ngudn nhan lire (NNL) Irong qud Irinh hdi nhap qudc id', la mdl nhflng ydu edu hang ddu dd'i vdi nudc ta Mdt NNL bin vung cd Ihl trd lgi ihd quan trgng qua trinh canh tranh qudc id, ddng thdi, eung la yd'u td dam bao cho vide phat triln va tang trudng dn djnh Xet vl sd lugng va co cdu NNL nudc cho thdy, tinh den nam 2010, Viet Nam cd ngudn lao ddng ldn, chid'm tdi 54% dan sd ca nudc vdi trdn 50,5 tridu lao ddngi, duge phan bd tuong dd'i ddng diu trdn ea ba vung Bdc, Trung va Nam Cha't lugng NNL nhflng nam gdn day cung cd su nang ldn dang ke, dap ung phdn nao nhu cdu phat triln cua ddt nude Sd lao ddng cd trinh dd van hod, trinh dd chuydn mdn ky thuat phu hgp vdi cdng vide duge giao dang eang tang Theo thd'ng kd so bd tinh ddn hd't nam 2010, sd lugng ngudn lao ddng cd trinh dd chuydn mdn ky thuat da dat khoang 30 35%, nghia Id ca riudc hidn ed 15 - 19 tridu lao ddng cd trinh dd chuydn mdn ky thuat, dd, luc lugng lao ddng cd trinh dd tfl cao ddng, dai hgc trd len dat tridu ngudi, chid'm 5,9% tdng luc lugng lao ddng NNL cua Vidt Nam hidn phdn ldn dugc phan bd khu vuc ndng nghidp, noi ky nang, tay nghi va trinh dd cua ngudi lao ddng thudng khdng cdn d mflc cao Lue lugng lao ddng dang lam vide khu vue cdng nghidp ehi chid'm 20% va ddi vdi khu vuc dich vu ehi chid'm khoang 26% Nghia la cdu lao ddng gian 18 don, phd thdng d Vidt Nam hidn vdn cdn khd ldn Phdn ddng lao ddng Vidt Nam hidn dang lam vide d khu vuc ngoai nha nudc Cung vdi su phat triln cua nin kinh id ndi chung va sir phat triln eua cac doanh nghidp mdi ndi ridng, nhu cdu vl NNL co chdt lugng cao cua cac nganh djch vu va edng nghidp, dac bidt la ddi vdi llnh vuc quan trj doanh nghidp, cdng nghd thdng tin, tdi chinh ngan hang, didn, didn tfl va hod chdt eang tang ldn Trdn thuc td, phat triln NNL d nudc la hien dang cdn nhilu vdn dl cdn ban Sd lugng cung nhu ehdl lugng NNL dang bdc id khdng it han chd Co cdu lao ddng cliuyen djch cham, phan bd khdng ddng diu giua cae vflng, nganh kinh te (lao ddng llnh vuc ndng nghidp cdn chidm trdn dudi 70%, ty Id lao ddng - ca lao ddng gian don va chdt lugng cao) chu ydu tap trung cae vung dd thi, nhdt la cac trung tam kinh td ldn nhu Hd Ndi, TR Hd Chi Minh Trong mdt sd khu vuc khac cd nhu cdu nhu cdc khu cdng nghd tai miln Trung, vung Ddng Nam Bd lai rdt khd thu hut lao ddng Mat khac, mac du ngudn lao ddng nudc ta khd ddi dao, nhung ed den gdn 80% ngudi lao ddng dd tudi tfl 20 - 24 tham gia thi trudng lao ddng chua dugc dao tao nghi hoae dugc dao tao thi cdn han ehd'vl ky nang nghi nghidp Kdt qua cudc dilu tra 63.000 doanh nghidp d 36 tinh, phd trdn ca nudc Bd Ke hoach va BO Gido dgc vd Ddo tqo TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA N U C - S6 190 (11-2011) NGHIEN CCfU TRAO DOI Ddu tu tid'n hanh nam^ 2008 cho thdy, NNL chdt lugng cao cd thl tham gia qudn ly tai Vidt Nam mdi ehi dap ung khoang 40% nhu cdu Dac bidt, nhan su cdp eao cua Viet Nam dang dung trude nguy co khun^ hoang trdm trgng vi khdng du kha nang bat kip su phdt trien cua nin kinh td' Cflng theo kd't qua cude dilu tra nay, ty Id giam dd'c doanh nghidp cd trinh dd thac sy chi chid'm 2,99%, dai hgc la 37,82% vd cao dang la 3,56%, dd, ty Id cd trinh trung hgc chuydn nghidp la 12,33% va trinh dd td't nghidp trung hoc phd thdng trd xudng chidm tdi 43,3%.' Chinh vi thd', nhilu doanh nghidp nudc ngoai ddu tu vao Viet Nam vdn phai thud lao ddng dd'n tfl eac nudc lan can, cho du chung ta cd lgi thd la lue lugng lao ddng tre, chi phi luong tha'p Vide quan ly va sfl dung NNL cfing bdc Id nhilu han che Cho dd'n nay, chung ta vdn thidu mdt chid'n luge tdng thl vl xay dung, phat triln va sfl dun^ NNL qud'c gia, dac bidt la chi tidt tdng thd chid'n luge xay dung va phdt triln NNL cho mdt so nganh, lliih vue cd tinh chdt lgi thd canh tranh cua nin kinh td Mdt nhimg nguydn nhan chu ydu ddn dd'n chdt lugng NNL yd'u, khdng dap ung dugc nhu edu thue td la cdng tdc gido due va dao tao (C3DDT) cua chung ta edn klidng it bat cap Chdt lugng GDDT chua dap flng ydu cdu phat triln, nhdt la dao tao NNL trinh dd cao vdn cdn han chd; ehua chuyin manh sang dao tao theo nhu cdu eua xa hdi; chua giai quydt td't md'i quan he gifla tang sd lugng, quy md vdi nang cao chdt lugng, giua day chu va day ngudi Chuong trinh, ndi dung, phuong phdp day va hgc lae hau, ddi mdi cham; co cdu giao due khdng hgp ly gifla cae llnh vuc, nganh nghi dao tao; chdt lugng giao due loan didn giam sut, chua dapflngdugc ydu edu cua su nghidp cdng nghidp hod, hidn dai hod (^uan ly nha nude vl GDDT edn bdt cap Xu hudng thuong mai hod va sa sut dao dflc gido due khdc phuc edn cham, hidu qua thdp, dang trd ndi bflc xuc cua xa hdi TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA N U C Tfl thuc td dd, nhflng nam gdn day, Vidt Nam dk chfl y nhilu hon vao vide xay dung va phat trien NNL ehdl lugng cao Mdt nhung bilu hidn quan trgn^ la hd thd'ng cdc trudng dai hgc, cao dang dugc id chflc dudi eac hinh thflc edng hoac tu ngdy cang duge md rdng Ndu nam hgc 2000 2001, quy md eac trudng dai hgc, cao dang ca nude chi mdi dat tridu sinh vidn2 thi tinh ddn nam 2010, ca nudc da cd 409 trudng dai hgc, cao ddng, dd cd 307 trudng dai hgc, cao dang dugc thdnh lap mdi 10 nam qua vdi quy md hon 1,9 tridu sinh vidn, dat 198 sinh vidn/van dan^ (Ton sd la mdt ty Id kha eao vdi tdc dd phat triln tuong dd'i nhanh Vdi hd thd'ng cac trudng dai hoc, cao dang nhu hidn nay, mdi nam cd thd dao tao va cung cdp cho thj trudng lao ddng ca nudc tfl - 1,2 tridu lao ddng cd trinh dd cao cung la mdt thuan lgi ldn, cd thl dap ling thi trudng lao ddng va ngoai nudc dang cang trd ndn khdt khe hon Di GDDT gdp phdn quan trgng phat triln NNL, Dai hdi XI dl quan dilm: ddi mdi can ban, loan didn nin giao due Vidt Nam theo hudng chudn hod, hidn dai hod, xa hdi hod va hdi nhap qud'c td, dd ddi mdi co ehe qudn ly GDDT, phdt triln ddi ngfl giao vidn va can bd quan ly la khau then chd't Thtrc hidn triln khai quan dilm chi dao dd, cdn thue hidn td't cac vdn di co ban sau: Mdt Id, xic dinh, quan tridt sau sdc muc tidu cua GDDT NNL la phai hudng dd'n thuc hidn muc tidu phat triln NNL Vidt Nam thdi ky '2011 - 2020 Dd la phat trii'n NNL loan didn, ca thl lue, tri tue, y chi, nang lue va dao dflc; cd nang luc tu hgc, tu dao tao, nang ddng, chu ddng, tu luc, sang tao, cd tri thflc va ky nang nghi nghiep eao, ed kha nang thich ung nhanh, cliu ddng mdi trudng sd'ng va lam viee Cd CO edu hgp ly, ddng bd dd'i vdi ddi ngfi nhan luc qudn ly hanh chinh nha nude, ddi ngfi nhan luc khoa hgc va cdng nghd, dac bidt la nhdm chuydn gia ddu nganli, ddi ngu doanh nhan, chuydn gia qudn tri - S 190 (11-2011) 19 NGHIEN CLO/ T R A D | doanh nghidp chuydn nghidp; cd co edu trinh dd, nganh nghi vd vung miln hgp \f Phdn ddu dua NNL Vidt Nam trd lhanh ndn tang va lgi thd quan Irgng nhdt dl phat triln bin vflng ddt nude, hdi nhap qudc td, nang trinh dd, nang lire canh tranh cua nhan luc nudc ta ldn mflc luong duong cac nudc lien lidn irong khu vuc, dd ed mdt sd mat lidp can irinh dd cac nudc phat triin trdn Ihd gidi GDDT phai thuc hidn muc tidu: hgc de lam ngudi Vidt Nam thdi ky hdi nhap; hoc dl cd nghd, ed vide lam hicu qua; hgc dl gdp phdn phat trien da't nudc Nhu vay, muc tidu va each thflc sir dung ngudn lao ddng cua xa hdi quyel djnh muc lidu va each thflc dao tao NNL xa hdi cdn eac kid'n thflc, ky nang ihi GDDT phdi hudng ddn dap ung muc lidu dd Khdc phue vide dao tao khdng phu hgp vdi nhu edu xa hdi, co edu khdng hgp ly, "thfla thdy, thid'u thg" Hai Id, ddi mdi manh me ndi dung va phuong phap GDDT Ndi dung giao due phai loan didn ca day chfl, day nghi, day ngudi Cdn quan tam hon dd'n giao due pham chat dao dfle, giao due long ydu nudc va y thflc lam chu cua ngudi lao dgng, tinh thdn traeh nhidm va luong tam nghi nghiep; tinh thdn ddng ddi, hgp tae cdng vide, chi tidn thu, ddc lap sang lao va tinh trung thue cua ngudi lao ddng Do dd, phai chudn hod chuong trinh va giao trinh dao tao, dam bao phfl hgp vdi ydu edu cua thuc tidn xa hdi Tang vide ren luydn phuong phap tu duy, nang lire ddc lap sang lao, kha nang giai quydt vdn dl thuc tidn va kha nang tu dao tao, bdi dudng cfing nhu tu hodn thidn cua mdi ca nhan ngudi lao ddng dl thich nghi vdi su bid'n doi nhanh clidng eua hidn thue xa hdi Dua cdng nghd thdng tin mdi vao mgi bac hgc, khdc phue td nan nhdi nhet kid'n thflc, giao dieu, xa rdi thuc tidn Ba Id, ddi mdi edng tac quan ly GDDT mdt each eo ban va toan didn ed vl tu ldn phuong thflc quan ly theo hudng ndng cao hidu qua quan ly nha nudc vl GDDT Tap trung vdo quan ly ndi dung va chdt 20 lugng GDDT, tang cudng cdng tdc kilm tra, tra dd'i vdi cac co sd GDDT Thue hidn phan cdp quan ly manh ddi vdi eac dja phuong va cac eo sd giao due, nhdi la ddi vdi cac eo sd gido due nghi nghiep vd dai hgc; nang eao linh iu chu, tu chju trdch nhidm d eac co sd dao lao vl n6i dung dao tao, tai chinh, nhan su; hoan thidn md hinh, co chd hoat ddng va nang cao hidu qua hoat ddng cua Hdi ddng trudng d eac eo sd giao due dai hgc dl ihirc hidn quyln tu chu va trach nhidm xa hdi cua don vj Tang sir lidn thdng gifla nha nudc - CO sd dao lao, giao due don vj sir dung NNL ea ddng gdp ngudn luc, xiy dung chuong trinh, ndi dung, hgp luc dao tao va su dung hicu qua san phdin GDDt Md rgng quy md di ddi vdi nang cao ehdl lugng va hidu qua GDDT Hoan thien mang ludi giao due trdn loan qudc, chu trgng ddu tu phat triln vflng sau, vflng xa, dac bidt la vung ddng bao dan tdc it ngucfi Tang quy md giao due trung hgc phi thdng va phat triln manh me day nghi, nhdt la cdc tinh ddng bdng va miln nui Tang nhanh tdc dd dao tao can bd khoa hgc ky thuat, cdng nhan cd tay nghi cao, ddi ngu nhung nha quan ly, cac ehu doanh nghidp xay dung duge hd thdng cdc co sd dao tao nhan lue tien lien, hidn dai, da dang, CO cdu nganh nghe ddng bd, da cdp, nang ddng lidn thdng giua cac cdp va cac nganh dao lao nude va qude td, phan bd rdng khdp trdn ca nudc Xa hdi hoa GDDT, huy ddng todn xa hdi lam gido due ca huy ddng ngudn luc, xdy dung chuong trinh, ndi dung, sii dung san phdm cua GDDT dap flng nhu cdu xdy dung dugc xa hdi hgc tap, dam bao eho tdt ca cdc cdng dan Vidt Nam cd co hdi binh dang hgc tap, dao tao Tang cudng hgp tae qudc td GDDT Ddy manh eai each hanh ehinh, thuc hidn CO chd "mgt cia" toan bd h6 thd'ng qudn ly giao due, tur co quan trung uong tdi cac dia phuang, cac co sd giao due nham tao mdt co chd quan ly gon TAP CHl QUAN L^ NHA N U C - S 190 ( H 2011) NGHIEN CLTU TRAO D | Cd chinh sdch khuyd'n khich thuc su ddi vdi ddi ngfi nhd giao thdng qua chd dd dai ngd xflng dang Thu hut cac nha khoa hgc nude ngoai ed uy tin va kinh nghidm, eac tri thflc Vidt kilu tham gia giang day va nghidn cun khoa hgc tai Vidt Nam Tang cudng giao luu va hgp tac llnh vuc GDDT vdi cac nude ed nin giao due phat triln Ra soat, sdp xdp lai ddi ngu can bd quan ly giao due; xay dung lire lugng can bd quan ly tan tam, thao vide, ed nang lue dilu hanh; xay dung ehuong trinh dao tao, bdi dudng can bd quan ly phfl hgp vdi ydu edu ddi mdi giao due; cd chd dd dai ngd xung dang dd'i vdi ddi ngfi can bd quan ly Khuyd'n khieh eac co sd giao due ky hgp ddng vdi cdc nhd gido, nhd khoa hgc cd uy tin, kinh nghiem vd ngodi nudc quan ly va dilu hanh eo sd giao due Ndm la, ddu tu hgp ly va sfl dung cd hidu qua cae ngudn lue cho GDDT, ca nhan luc, vat lue va tai luc dl dua nganh GDDT khdi tinh trang cham phat tridn so vdi khu vuc va thd gidi, thuc hidn dung tinh thdn "GDDT la qude sach hang ddu", gdp phdn pha'n ddu dua ty trgng lao ddng Td chflc eae chuong trinh dao tao da da qua dao tao tfl 35 ddn 40% nhu hidn dang nhdm nang eao chudn trinh dao ldn trdn 70%, dao tao nghi chid'm 55% tao cho ddi ngfi nha gido Phdn ddu ddn tdng lao ddng xa hdi vao nam 2020 nam 2020, ed 80% so giao vidn mdm non Ddu tu thda dang co sd vat chat phuc vu va 100% sd giao vidn tilu hgc dat trinh dd cdng tae giang daj^, hgc tap va nghidn cun tfl eao ddng trd ldn; 100% sd giao vidn d cac trudng cao dang va dai hgc Tid'p tue trung hgc co sd va trung hgc phd thdng dat xa hdi hod eae ngudn luc ddu tu clio trinh dd dai hgc trd ldn; 20% sd giao vidn GDDT d eac trudng trung cdp nghi vd 35% sd Su cdng cua cdng cudc ddi mdi vi gido vidn d cdc trudng cao dang nghi dat trinh dd thac sy trd ldn; 80% giang vidn dan giau, nudc manh, dan ehfl, cdng bang, cao dang dat trinh dd thac sy trd ldn, van minh phu thudc vao vide phdt tridn dd ed 15% la tien sy; 100% giang vidn dai NNL, ma dd phuong tidn chu ydu hgc dat trinh dd thac sy trd ldn, dd cd quydt dinh nhdt la thue hidn td't quan dilm ddi mdi loan didn va phat triln nhanh 30% la tidn sy.' GDDT nhu Dai hdi XI dl raQ Tidp tue xay dung, ban hanh va td chflc danh gia giao vidn theo chudn nghi nghidp Chu thfch: ddi vdi giao vidn mdm non va phd thdng, 1, Ngu6n: Ting cue Thdng ke, nam 2010 danh gia theo chudn nghidp vu su pham ^ Quyei dinh sd 20112001IQD 2811212001 dd'i vdi giao vidn giao due nghi nghidp va cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ve viec phe duyet "Chien giang vidn dai hgc luge phdt trien gido due 2001 2010" nhe, hieu qua va thudn lgi cho ngudi dan Ddy manh ung dung edng nghe thdng tin, truyin thdng nham "tin hgc hod" quan l^ giao due d cae edp Bd'n la, phat triln ddi ngfi nha gido cfing nhu can bd quan ly giao due Xay dung, chudn hod ddi ngfl gidng vien ea vl sd lugng va chdt lugng, cd traeh nhiem vd luong tam nghi nghiep, loan tam loan y vdi su nghiep giao due Tidp tue tang cudng ddi ngfl nha giao cho cac eo sd giao due dl ddn nam 2020 ed du giao vidn thuc hidn giao due loan didn; dam bao ty Id giao vidn trdn ldp, hgc sinh trdn gido vidn, sinh vidn trdn giang vidn Cd chinh saeh hgc bdng dac bidt dl thu hut cac hgc sinh gidi vao hgc tai cae trudng su pham Thuc hidn ddi mdi loan didn he thdng ddo tqo su phqm, tfl md hinh dao tao tdi ndi dung va phuong phap dao tao nham dao tao ddi ngu giao vidn viing vang vl kid'n thflc khoa hgc CO ban va ky nang su pham Phat triln cac khoa su pham nghi tai cdc trudng dai hgc ky thuat dl dao tao su pham nghi cho sd sinh vidn da td't nghidp cac trudng nham cung cap du gido vidn cho cae co sd gido due nghi nghidp TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NUdc - $6 190 (11-2011) 21 ... quy md eac trudng dai hgc, cao dang ca nude chi mdi dat tridu sinh vidn2 thi tinh ddn nam 2010, ca nudc da cd 409 trudng dai hgc, cao ddng, dd cd 307 trudng dai hgc, cao dang dugc thdnh lap mdi... chfl y nhilu hon vao vide xay dung va phat trien NNL ehdl lugng cao Mdt nhung bilu hidn quan trgn^ la hd thd''ng cdc trudng dai hgc, cao dang dugc id chflc dudi eac hinh thflc edng hoac tu ngdy cang... la dao tao NNL trinh dd cao vdn cdn han chd; ehua chuyin manh sang dao tao theo nhu cdu eua xa hdi; chua giai quydt td''t md''i quan he gifla tang sd lugng, quy md vdi nang cao chdt lugng, giua day