CHlNH SACH VA QUFIN l^f THUC DAY NANG CAO CHAT LUtTNG DAO TAO DAI HOC DAP DUG NHU CAU XA HOI TS NGd TH| T U Y I T MAI TnrtJng B^ mdn Kinh tS QuSc tS fshoa Thuong mai v^ Ivlnh t ^ Qud''''c t ^ fnsdnq Ba\[.]
CHlNH SACH VA QUFIN l^f THUC DAY NANG CAO CHAT LUtTNG DAO TAO DAI HOC DAP DUG NHU CAU XA HOI TS NGd TH| T U Y I T MAI TnrtJng B^ mdn Kinh tS QuSc tS fshoa Thuong mai v^ Ivlnh t ^ Qud'c t ^ fnsdnq Ba\ hpc K,lnh tS Qudc din Thuc da\ ndng cao chdt liTgrng dao tao dgi hpc nhdm dap i^ng nhu cdu xa hQi la mOt chu truong dung dSn cua Ding va Nha nUdc Tuy nhidn, vi$c tri^n khai nhu thg* nao, IQ trinh ia vdn di ddt dOl vdi cac cdp qudn ly va cac trUcrng dgi hpc Bai vidt d i cdp mQt sfi' han che', tOn tgi va phdn tich nguydn nhdn cua cac tdn tai, qua de xud't cac gidi phap ndng cao chdt lircrng dao tao dgi hQc, hiring tdi vide dap dng td't horn nhu ch cua xa hoi thdi gian tdi Vai nei ve thin; trang chat lirong sd' sinh vidn tot nghidp dgi hpc ky ndng can thilt cdng viec cd dape cdng vide dung ITnh vge nhg giao tiep, tin hpc, ngogi ngOdao tao dai hoc chuydn mdn dgpc dao tgo vd ty Id Mdt vf dg dien hinh la Tdp doan Ddo t^o dai hpc d nadc ta hien sinh vidn trgdng phdi dao tgo Intel t^i Vidt Nam cd nhu ciu eon chaa dap ang dddc yeu cau Igi tgi doanh nghidp chilm trdn tuyen 1.000 ky sa (chii y l u thudc cdng cao cua thj tradng lao 50% Ddn vj SLf dgng lao ddng cdc ITnh vi;e didn, didn tO, cdng ddng e& v l so ladng vd chit lapng khdng ch? phdi ddo tgo Igi v l nghd thdng tin, tg ddng hda), Trdn thgc t l , sd ngadi dape chuydn mdn nghidp vg, md cdn nhang kilm tra g i n 2.000 sinh ddo tao tdng len hang ndm eijng cd v l thdi dd lam vide, k^ lu$t lao vidn nam c u l l eCia ede trddng dgi vdi sg gia tdng cua cdc tradng dgi dOng, nhdn thac v l trdch nhidm hpc thi chi cd 90 ngadi dgt yeu hpc, cao d^ng thdi gian qua vd nghTa vg cdng vi$c, cdc c i u tuyen dgng (trong dd chi co {bSng 1), nhdng ddi ngu lao ddng chit ladng cao van thilu trim trpng hau h i t cdc ngdnh, d$c Nfim hQC NSm hQC T i n g {Un) biet la cac ngdnh mdi nhd v i l n 1986-1987 2010-2011 thdng, kiem toan Trong s i 48,8 3,32 101 So trt/dng d^i hQC, cao d i n g 386 tridu lao ddng dang tdm vide chT 16,26 133.000 2.162.106 Sinh vidn cd 8,4 tridu ngadi cd b^ng d p , 3,7 20.151 74.573 Giing vifin chang chi ddo tao va ngodi 6,6/1 29/1 Ty 1$ sinli vi6n/gl&ng vidn nadc {chiem 17%) K i t qud khko sat ci!ia Hdi Sinh vien Vidt Nam Biing 1: Sd' iUdng cAc trudng d^i hgc vd sinh vidn Vi$t Nam cung cho cac k i t quli tadng tg: Ghi chu: Sd tradng d^i hpc khdng bao gdm ckc trUdng thudc An ninh, Qudc phdng; s6 hau h i t sinh vidn tradng d i u trudng d^i hgc thudc D$i hgc Qudc gia Hi Ndi TP H6 CM lulinh vA d$i hgc vdng cd viec lam, song ehi cd 50% (gdm Dgi hgc Thii Nguy§n, D$i hgc Hu^, Dgi hgc Di Ning) KHOA HOC ^°'^^"9^-^°^^ CHl'NH SACH VA QUflN LV 40 ang vidn dat yeu cau v l trinh tieng Anh), sau dd phdi tiep tgc gCfi sang Malaysia de dao tao them 1-1,5 nam mdi ed the ddm dddng dapc cdng vide Trong dd, nhd cdc chinh sdch doi mdi thdi gian qua, sd lao ddng nadc ngoai Idm viec tgi Vidt Nam da tdng g i p gan l i n (ta 12.602 ngadi nam 2004 tang len 74.000 ngadi tinh ddn thdng 5.2011) Do chat ladng nguon nhdn Igc chaa ddp ang dape nhu cau thgc t l cdng vide, d l tilt kiem chi phf ddo tgo, nhilu doanh nghidp Idn tgi Vidt Nam da Iga chpn gidi phdp SLf dgng ngadi nadc ngodi tai cdc vj trf chu chdt Qua dd cho thiy, chat ladng nguon nhan Igc Viet Nam chaa dap ang dadc ydu cau ngdy cang cao cua thj trddng lao ddng nadc So vdi cac nadc khu vdc va tren the gidi, chat lapng ddo tgo dgi hpc cDa nudc ta cdn nam d mdc thd'p, dilu ndy the hien trdn mdt sd' ehi sd' Chang hgn, so lieu cua Ngdn hdng t h i gidi cho thay, chat Iddng nguon nhdn Igc nadc ta chi dgt 3,79/10 diem, x i p tha 11/12 nude dddc khdo sdt Vidt Nam hidn cung chaa ed tradng dai hpc nao cd tdn danh sach ede tradng dai hpc hang dau d chdu A Nguyen nhan Co nhilu nguyen nhdn ddn den chat ladng ddo tgo dai hoc fi nadc ta cdn thap, chaa dap ang kjp nhu elu phat trien kinh t l - xa hdi Mdttrong nhOng nguydn nhdn chfnh Id sg y l u kem qu^n ly nhd nddc v l giao due dgi hpc vd ciia bdn than cdc tradng dgi hpc, chaa tgo dong ige du manh d l phdt huy nang igc sang tao va sg tg ehiH, tg chju trach nhidm cua cac trgdng nhim ddi mdi mgnh me, cdn bdn gido dgc dgi hpc Trong mOt bdo cdo trlnh Chinh phi!i thdng 10.2009, Bd Gido due vd Ddo tgo dd thLfa nhdn vd'n d l ndy: "Gin 30 ndm qua chijng ta chUa thi/c Si/ qudn ty 6U0c chat lUdng gido dtjc d$i hgd' Trdn thdc t l , cd 13 bd/ngdnh, dja phddng qudn \^ cdc co sd gido dgc dai hpc, cao ding, vd Bd Gido dgc vd Ddo tgo eh? mdi qudn ly dUde 54 tradng {trong tong sd 375 tradng, chiem 14,4%) V i n d l trao quyIn tg chu, tg chju trdch nhidm cho cdc tradng dai hpc Viet Nam da dddc t h i hidn cdc vdn bdn phdp luat hien hanh cija Nhd nadc (diin hinh la Ludt Giao dgc ban hdnh nam 2005 va Dieu l# ve trddng dai hpc dupe ban hanh ndm 2010) nham doi mdi cdng tdc qucin ly theo hadng tang cUdng tg chO, tg chiu trdch nhidm cho cdc trgdng dgi hpc va thuc day vide nang cao chat lUdng gido dgc dgi hpc Tuy nhidn, vide thgc thi quyIn tg chu cdn gap khd nhieu rdo cdn, vadng mac thilu ede van bdn hadng ddn, hgn che ve nang igc quan ly, va ehi'nh bdn thdn cdc trddng dgi hpc chaa thgc sg thay ddi tu duy, phong cdch Idm vide d l huy ddng dape tdi da nguon Igc cua xa hpi vd phdt huy Ipi t h i cgnh tranh cCia minh Tat cit nhQng van de ndy c i n sdm dape khac phuc dd quyIn tg ehCi, tg chju trach nhiem cOa cac tradng dai hpc Viet Nam thgc sg phdt huy tdc dung thgc tiln Dpi ngu gidng vidn vdn dape coi Id yd'u to quan trgng dd nang cao chit lapng dao tao dgi hpc, song cdc chinh sdch vd che dp au dai de thu hut nhdn tai ndi Chung vd cdc gidng vien, can bd nghidn eiru tgi cdc tradng dai hpc, cao dcing ndi ridng cdn chaa hpp ly, mdi trddng vd dilu kidn lam vide d l phdt huy cao nhat ndng ige ede gidng vidn v i n cdn han c h i Do vdy, hi$n tddng ehdy mau ehd't xdm thddng xuydn diin d khu vge ndy Da s6 sinh vidn du td thadng tim vi^c cdc td chac hay cdng ty nadc ngodi de cd cd hdi thdng tiln vd thu nhdp cao hdn Id trd gidng vidn Khdng it gidng vidn sau hodn cdc chadng trinh thgc sy, tien sy tim cdch Igi nadc ngodi vi dieu kipn Idm vide vd dai ngd hon han d nude, Bdn canh dd, sg thieu Hen kit thgdng xuydn giQa cdc trudng dgi hoc (Id ndi dao tgo nhan igc) va cdc doanh nghidp (la ndi sQ dgng nhan ige), sg thieu thdng tin ve vide lam eua sinh vien sau tdt nghidp, v l thj trgdng lao ddng vd nhu c i u v l ede ky nang can thilt Id cdc y l u t l Idm cho giao dgc dgi hpc b nddc ta kem thich Ung vdi nhu elu cua xa hdi Viec ddo tgo dgi hpc mdi ehi tap trung vdo ly thuyit, It chu y ddn sg ket hpp vdi thgc hdnh, nhiJng ky nang vd hieu bidt xa hdi, pham chit cua sinh vidn Trong dd, v l phia doanh nghiep cung chua cd chiin lupc phdt then ngudn nhan igc, chua xdy dgng k l hogch dai hgn v l nhu elu nhan Igc, dong thdi chda thgc sg tham gia vd gdp sac vdi cac trUdng dgi hoc qua trinh ddo tgo nhdn lUc Lam gi nang cao chat lirong daotaodaihqcP Thti nhit, ndng cao ndng liJc cija cac cd quan quin ly nhd nddc va cdc trudng dai hgc Cdc trudng S6-,h.„g 6.20,2 KHO°A H O C " CHINH SI^CH V(^ QUflN LS* dgi hpc dupe trao quyIn Idn hon dong nghTa vdi vide se phdi dam nhdn thdm nhOng nhiem vg mdi vd tdng thdm phdn trdch nhidm, nghia vu Vide thgc hien quyIn tU chD chi ed t h i dUpc thue hidn tdt n i u nhU Nhd nUdc sdn sdng, tin tudng trao quyen va eac trudng dai hpc sdn sang tilp nhdn cung nhu chju trach nhiem thuc thi quyIn dUpc trao Ld trinh trao - nhan quyIn giOa Nha nudc vdi cac trUdng cung la Id trinh nang cao nang Igc cua Nha nUdc - du nang Igc de tgo khdng gian thuc diy qud trinh tg chu vd tg chiu trdch nhidm cija ede trgdng (xdy dgng chiin lUpc phdt triln gido dgc, xdy dgng khung chinh sdch, dSm bdo dilu phdi nguon luc hidu qud, thilt k l ed e h i kiem sodt quyIn igc vd phai kiem scat dgpc chit lapng, budc cdc tradng ph^i cd trdch nhidm gidi trinh d i i vdi xa hdi), vd ndng cao ndng igc qucin ly cija dpi ngu lanh dao trUdng dap ang ydu cau cua nhidm vu mdi (quan ly ve ke hogch, chUdng trinh ddo tao, nhan su, nghidn cUu khoa hoc, tai chfnh ) Neu nhu sU chuyen giao quyen tg chu vd tg chju trach nhiem didn 20 Hoat tfdno K H O A H O C S""'*"^^ 2012 gt thi mdt s6 trUdng dgi hpc chua du ndng Igc vd dilu kidn, d i n den se lung tung tilp nhdn vd cd the gay nhufng hdu quS khd ludng Trdn thgc te, tgi cdc trUdng dgi hpc, bdn canh nguln nhan luc van cdn hgn c h i ed v l chat lupng va sd lUpng thi ndng Igc qudn ly cua ddi ngu lanh dgo cung chUa cao, vi t h i cdc trUdng thadng khdng dam dang nhdn quyIn vd trach nhidm tg chu, ed tdm ly thu dpng, trdng chd vdo Nha nUdc Khdng It hidu trUdng trUdng dgi hpc dupe bd nhi^m chaa qua cdc khda dao tgo bdi bcin ve qucin ly gido dgc dgi hpc, thgdng lam theo thdi quen, kinh nghidm la chfnh Do vay, mudn phdt trien dUdc ddi ngu cdn bd quSn ly cd ndng Igc, bdn thdn ede trUdng phdi xdy dgng dgpc ede tidu chuan eg t h i v l cdc chac danh, xdy dgng bd quy dinh v l td chac vd quSn ly nha trddng Ding thdi, triln khai cdng tdc quy hoach can bd lanh dgo nhd trudng (dac bidt Id lue lupng Idnh dgo ke cdn trd, ed tu ddi mdi va nang ddng) ngan hgn va dai hgn de cd dmh hudng bdi dudng, ddo tgo Nhd nudc chi ndn thgc hidn trao quyen ti^ chO vd tg chiu trdch nhidm cho cac trgdng dai hpc cdc trudng dai hpc ndy ed ddi ngu can b0 qudn ly du ndng lUc tiep nhan vd dilu hdnh nha tradng Thd hai, thi/c hien cdng khai, minh b^ch vd trdch nhidm giai trlnh v4 ho^t ddng cua cac tn/dng d^i hgc, cao dAng de khuyin khich si/ tham gia cua xa hdi vdo qud trinh phdt thin giao dijc d^i hQC Day la gidi phap quan trpng d l nang cao chit lupng ddo tgo Do ITnh vuc giao dgc va dao tgo dgpc sg diu tg va quan tdm rit Idn cua Nhd nUdc vd xd hdi, ngudi ddn phdi dape thdng bdo d i y du vd cap nhat thdng tin ve ndng lue qudn ly, npi dung vd chit lUdng dao tgo, cac khodn thu, chi cua nha trudng Bdn cgnh do, can thgc hidn xa hpi hda cdng tdc kiem djnh chat lupng vdi sg tham gia cua cdc t6 chdc kilm djnh doc Idp, ede hiep hdi chuyen nganh de gdp phan thgc hidn gidm dinh chit lUpng gido dye mot cdch cdng bang, khach quan va dupe xa hdi thLfa nhdn NhOng vide lam ndy khdng ehi tao dieu kidn cho cdc trudng phdt huy dupe quyIn ti/ chij, tiJ CHiNH SACH VA QUFIN L";* chju trdch nhiem, md cdn khuyin khfch sutham gia gidm sat, kilm tra eCia Nha nude, xa hdi Thgc hien cdng khai, mmh bgch va trdch nhidm vide gi^i trinh thdng qua nhilu phgpng tien thdng tin (cac trang web, blin tin ndi bd, cac hpi thdo, truyen hinh, bao ehi ) vd trudc cdn bp, vidn chUe, sinh vidn va ngudi ddn ve cdc hogt ddng eua trudng se Idm Idnh mgnh hda ede quan hd ndi bd trudng, tgo sg tin tadng ci!ia xd hdi TQ dd, huy ddng dupe cdc nguon Ipc khac va ngodi nUdc vdo qua trinh phdt then cCia khu vuc dai hpc, gdp phan nang cao chat lUdng gido dgc dgi hpc cdc hogt ddng nhU: 1) Chu ddng ky ket cdc hpp dong ddo tgo, d l tai nghidn cau vdi doanh nghidp; 2) Chij ddng mdi dgi didn cac doanh nghidp cd uy tfn cung tham gia qud trinh ddo tgo dudi cdc phuong thUe nhU tham gia gidng day, td ChUc cho sinh vidn thuc tap Id thdnh vidn hdi ddng khoa hpc phe duydt chUdng trinh dao tgo ; 3) Thu thdp thdng tin phdn hoi ta sinh vien vd doanh nghiep v l su phij hpp eCia cdng vide vdi cac ChUdng trinh dao tgo TU phia doanh nghi$p, ein xay dgng chien lupc ddo tgo nhan igc dai han cho minh, chu ddng dgt hang cac trudng ddo tgo ngudn nhan luc cho doanh nghiep thay vi chd dpi sinh vidn td't nghidp de tuyen Thi/ ba, khuyen khich hpp tdc dgng, sau dd Igi phdi ehi phi ddo dao tao vd nghien cdu giQa tnldng tgo lai ra't tdn kem Doanh nghiep d^i hgc vdi cdc doanh nghiep bdng Idn nen dau td cho cdc trgdng nhiing chfnh sach cij thi Vide ddo tao cho minh nhQng nhan se gdp phan thu hep dan khodng vien dat ydu cau vd cam kd't lam each giijfa ddo tao vd sil dgng vide lau ddi cho doanh nghidp nhan tgc Vide khuyen khich cdc trgdng ddo tgo dUa trdn nhu cau Thd tu, cin tang cUdng li§n kit tuyen dgng lao ddng, hdp tac vdi va hdp tac gida cac trddng dai cac doanh nghidp gdp phan gan hgc nudc vdi cac dai hgc kit glOa gido due vdi thgc tiln, danh tieng tren thi gidi Day cd gidm sac ep ve kien thdc chuydn t h i coi la gicti phap nham tao mdn thgc t l , tdi chfnh, cd s6 hg sg ddt phd chat lupng dao ting cho ede trgdng dai hpc, vd tao Hien nay, vide xay dgng cac cdn cho phep cac td chUe si!f chuong trinh lien kit ddo tgo vdi dung lao ddng ed cd hdi tham gia nUde ngodi (nhU: chUdng trinh sau hdn vdo qud trinh ddo tao, tidn tien, chUdng trinh ehd't lupng giup sdn pham giao dgc dgi hpc cao ) tgi mdt sd trudng dgi hpc phu hpp hdn vdi ydu cau cua thgc hdng dau nUdc dupe xac te, qua ehd't lUdng ddo tao dgi dinh la hudng di dung dan, dUdc hpc dupe nang len xa hdi ung hd vd ddnh gia cao SU ddi eua ede chUdng trinh ndy De tang cUdng sg hpp tac, Hen dang gdp phin nang cao nang k i t giOa nha trgdng vdi doanh luc gidng dgy cho dpi ngu giang nghiep dao tgo can sg nd vien, bd sung mdi he thdng gido igc ta cd phia v l phia qudn trinh, hpc lidu, tgo cd hdi cho sinh ly, can cd ede nghidn cufu ve thj vidn dupe tilp can vdi nhOng kiln trUdng lao ddng, cdc quy djnh thUc khoa hpc mdi nhat Vide mdi bat budc, khuydn khich doanh cac gido su thfnh gi&ng cd uy tin nghiep tham gia qua trinh Ta tU cdc tradng dd'i tdc nudc ngoai phia cac trudng dai hpc, can cd gidng dgy cho eac chuong trinh va cCf gido vien sang cdc trudng ddi tdc d nudc ngoai d l nghe gidng, tham van chuyen mdn, trao ddi sinh vidn giQa cdc trudng dgi hpc cung vdi vide tgo dilu kidn CO sd vdt chat tdt nhd't cho sinh vien hoc tap se gdp phin nhanh chdng thue day vide ndng cao ehd't lupng dao tgo dilu kien ngudn nhan ige cdn hgn c h i hidn Vdi vide triln khai ddng bd vd hieu quS ede bien phdp trdn, chit igpng dao tgo cua cac trgdng dai hpc chdc chan se dgpc ndng Idn, dap Ung dupe nhu cau nguon nhdn igc chat lupng cao cua cdc doanh nghidp va sg ky vpng eua xa hdi cung nhu phdt huy dUde tiem ndng, the manh vdn cd ciia hd thdng dai hpc nUde nha • Tai lieu tham khao Harward Kennedy School, Ash Institute for Democratic Governance and Innovation, Asia Programs, Vietnamese Higher Educaition: Cnsis and Response, Memorandunn Higher Education Task Force, November 2008 Hoi thSo "Phat trien ngudn nhan It/c chat lUdng cao - nhu cau cSp bach" Dgi hQC Quoc gia TP Ho Chi Minh td chiic 22.9.2011 World Intellectual Property Organization, 2008, Statistical Review Quy§'t dinh so 58/2010/QD-TTg cua ThCi tudng Chinh phCi H6i nghj trien khai nhiem vy nam hpc 2009-2010 khoi cac trUdng dgi hQC, cao dkng Soth^ng 6,2012 j ^ ^ l j ^ ^ * * ^ ^ I 21 ... dai hgn v l nhu elu nhan Igc, dong thdi chda thgc sg tham gia vd gdp sac vdi cac trUdng dgi hoc qua trinh ddo tgo nhdn lUc Lam gi nang cao chat lirong daotaodaihqcP Thti nhit, ndng cao ndng liJc... trgdng dai hpc chdc chan se dgpc ndng Idn, dap Ung dupe nhu cau nguon nhdn igc chat lupng cao cua cdc doanh nghidp va sg ky vpng eua xa hdi cung nhu phdt huy dUde tiem ndng, the manh vdn cd ciia hd... quan trgng dd nang cao chit lapng dao tao dgi hpc, song cdc chinh sdch vd che dp au dai de thu hut nhdn tai ndi Chung vd cdc gidng vien, can bd nghidn eiru tgi cdc tradng dai hpc, cao dcing ndi ridng