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i THI TRUONG CAI TIEN VA DII Mill VE Cf (IE QIAII LY TAI lii III cic \i eliic sl nikiSji tini l i | l i i i lie i i i lit • NGUYEN THI MINH H 6 A X et vd khia canh phap ly, he thdng td chflc sfi nghie[.]
i THI TRUONG CAI TIEN VA DII Mill VE Cf (IE QIAII LY TAI lii III cic \i eliic sl nikiSji tini li| liii lie iii lit • NGUYEN THI MINH H A cfia ddn vi ngodi cdng lap cao hdn vd hieu qud hdn et vd khia canh phap ly, he thdng td chflc sfi nghiep cdng nfldc ta phan theo hinh thflc sd hflu la ddn vi cdng lap va ddn vi ngodi cdng lap Thflc te viec lap cdc cd sd ngodi cdng lap mac du dfldc Nha nfldc cd chinh sach khuyen khich, flu dai, nhflhg gap nhidu khd k h a n phdi dap fing cdc quy dinh, thfi tuc khat khe hdn nhidu so vdl chu the Nhd nflde Vd b a n chat hai loai hinh ndy ddu phdi tuan thfi cde thfi tuc, quy trinh thdnh lap tfidng tfi nhfi theo quy dinh va chiu sfi qudn Iy chung cfia Nha nfidc vd m a t ehuyen mdn Vay cung mdt loai hinh cung cap dich vu ddo tao cfia hai hinh thflc sd hflu ed nhflng sfl khdc biet, nhflng Idi the so sdnh nhfl the nao Quy dlnh hien h a n h cho phep cdc ddn vi ngoai cdng lap dfidc todn quydn quyet dinh cdc van de vd td chflc, n h a n sfl, tdi chinh vd boat ddng gidng day khdng trdi vdi cac quy dinh chuan cho phep Didu ndy ddi vdi cdc cd sd cdng lap cdn bi Id thupc nhidu vao cdc ddn vi chfi qudn (Chi tidu bien che, quy Ifidng, chinh sach che dp ) X Trflde het vd cd che, cd nhflng sfl khac cd b a n sau: Dd'i vdi cdc trfldng ngoai cdng lap cd Hdi ddng qudn tri vdi cde vidn la cac cd ddng sang lap Ban Giam hieu chi chiu trdeh nhiem vd chuyen mdn Hdi ddng qudn tri quyet dinh cdc van de Idn cua Trfldng thi d cac ddn vi cdng lap cac van dd ndy ddu cd quan chfi qudn trfle tiep hay gidn tiep quyet dinh (thdng qua viec cap cac chi tieu dao tao, chi tieu ngan sach ) Nhfl vay tinh tfl chfi, tfi chiu trach nhiem THDONG Mfl So 22/2011 Da sd cac ddn vi ngodi cdng lap boat ddng vi muc tieu Icfi nhuan, tfi hach todn va can ddi thu chi de tfi quyet dinh mfic phi dich vu hfldng Idi nhuan nhflng vdn cd tinh canh tranh n h a m nang cao uy tin, thfldng hieu Vdi diem khde can bdn trdn ddn vl sfl nghiep giao due ngodi cdng lap boat ddng va van hdnh gidng nhfl mdt DN vd vdi sfl khdc biet ndy cd tdc ddng r a t Idn den hieu qud boat ddng cua loai hinh ndy khdng chi ve kinh te ma cd vd khia canh xa hdi Nhfl vay, vd cd bdn, nhflng diem gidng va khdc cua td chfle edng lap va td chflc ngodi cdng lap id: + Ve sd hiJu: khac biet quan trpng nhat la quydn tfl chfi cung nhfi thfic hien quydn tfi chu mpi hoat dpng + Vd luat phap: cdc td chfic ngodi cdng lap dfidc tfi chu quyet dinh cdc van de cua td chfic ma luat phdp khdng cam + Vd tai chinh: td chfic cdng lap chu yeu sfi dung ngan sach n h a nfldc cdn ngoai cdng lap thi phdi sfi dung ddng vdn tfl co cua minh + Vd tdm ly va y thflc cua ngfldi lao ddng eflng mudn lam viec d cdc cd sd edng lap vi la edng chflc, vien chflc, che ifldng dfldc ddm bdo dn dlnh thdi gian Idm vide, che bdo hiem sau nghi hflu ; Ngfldi hpc cung mudn vao cdc cd sd cdng lap vi dfldc hfldng cd sd vat chat day du hdn so vdl cd sd ngoai cdng lap, cdc che dp chinh sach flu tidn ifu ddi cua Nha nfidc dfidc ddm bdo, dpi ngu gido vien cd hiJfu chinh quy, Vdl cdeh tiep can nhfi tien ta thay cdn mdt sd tdn tai: Mgt Id, nhflng nam qua kinh phi Nhd nfldc ddnh cho Iinh vflc gido due ndi ridng tang cd ve tuyet ddi va tfldng ddi, nhflng van chfla the ddp fing dfldc nhu cdu ngdy cang tang n h a n h chdng cd ve sd Iflcfng va chat Ifldng dich vu gido due dao tao khu vflc cdng lap dam nhiem cung flng Nguyen nhan cd bdn ngan sdeh Nha nfidc cd b a n dan sd trung binh tang tfi 1,2 1,4% hang n a m va tudi thp cua ngfidi binh quan cung tang cfing vdi sfi phat trien kinh te xa hdi Hai Id, cdc td chfle cung fing dich vu sfi nghiep gido due cdng THITRUOING lap chfla thflc sfl tfl chu vd tdi chinh, td chflc, n h a n sfl ndn khdng the p h a t huy dflcfc tinh chu ddng, khdng dd cao dflcfc trdeh nhiem cua td ehflc dd, dnh hfldng den hieu qud va chat Ifldng boat ddng Nguydn n h a n la van tdn tai suy nghi: td chflc Nha nfldc t h d n h lap, boat dpng bang ngudn ngan sdeh Nha nfldc thi ngfldi Iao ddng dflcfc Id cdng chflc, vidn chfic Nha nfldc va viec ldm dfldc bdo ddm eho den nghi hflu Ba Id, cdc td chflc sfl nghiep gido due cdng lap td ehflc boat ddng khdng vi muc tidu Idi nhuan, nhflhg npi ham efia "Khdng vi muc tidu Icfi nhuan" vdn chfla dfldc xde dinh va quy dinh rd rang Bdn Id, ed che tdi chinh dp dung ddi vdi cac dcfn vi sfl nghiep cdng lap cdn chfla hdp ly, mfic phi dich vu dfldc khdng che d mfle thap, thflc te mdi chi thu mdt phdn phi dich vu hoac vdn cdn che dp bao cap ddn den khdng binh dang gifla cac ddn vl sd hflu khac nhflng cfing cung flng mdt loai dich vu Mfle phi thap cung gay ndn tinh trang qud tdi d khu vflc edng lap iVdm Id, dpi ngu Iao dpng lam vide ddn vi cdng lap dfidc bidn che sudt ddi, tidn Ificfng hfidng eung ehe dp vdi edng chfic, vidn chflc Nha nfldc Chinh sdeh tidn Iflcfng hien h a n h chfla phdt huy dflde tinh nang ddng sdng tao efia ddi ngu cdn bd cd trinh dp eao, chinh sdeh bien che sudt ddi da ldm cho thi trfldng Iao ddng khdng mang tinh eanh tranh Idnh manh va kem phdt tridn Chinh sdeh tidn Ifldng chfi yg^u dvfa vao t h a m nien, it dfia vao chat ifidng, hleu qud vd nang sudt Iao dpng nhfi hlen Gid thuc hanh cua sinh vien trudng Dai hoc Y khdng tao dflcfc ddng lfic va nang cao dflcfc nang suat cfia dpi ngu Iao ddng cd tam tri, cho ndn, each thfic va can cfi xac dinh tidn cdng, tidn Ifldng chi tap trung vdo p h a n bd thu n h a p tang thdm nhd cac boat ddng cd thu cde td chflc sfl nghiep Ldi nhuan boat ddng cfia cac td chfic khdng dflcfc phan chia cho cac ca nhan, ke cd ngfldi lap, md dflcfc sfi dung de chi tidn cdng, tien Ifldng, phuc vu nghidn cflu va dao tao, hay de tai trd cho mdt sd loai hinh dich vu mang Iai ldi ich cho cd edng ddng; Nhin nhan nhiftig bat cap cfia td chfic sfi nghiep cdng lap Iai la nhfing ldi the eua td chfic sfl nghiep ngoai cdng lap Dflcfc Nha nfldc hd trd dfldi nhidu hinh thfle nhfl mien thue, cho thud dat ; Mdt sd nfldc trdn the gidi quan niem vd td chflc sfl nghiep cdng lap khdng vi muc tidu ldi nhuan ed nhuCng dac trflng nhfl sau: Cac td chflc hoat ddng vdi nhidu mue tidu khac nhflng van dd tai chinh khdng dflcfc dat Idn hang ddu; La mdt td chfle boat ddng theo luat dinh, ddc lap vdi cac ed quan qudn Iy Nha nfldc dfldi gdc dp qudn Iy vd td chflc; Cdc td chfle cd the sat nhap, gidi the hay pha sdn Dflcfc lap mdt each tfl nguyen bdi nhCCng edng dan hoac cac nhdm cfing chuydn mdn va cd cfing mdi quan tam; Ngan sdeh boat ddng cua td chfic dfidc huy ddng tfl nhidu ngudn khac nhau: cua Nha nfldc, ddng gdp xa hdi, tfl thien hoac thu tfl ngfldi sfi dung cac dich vu td ehflc cung cdp, ; Trong khudn khd bai viet nay, chfing tdi quan tam nhidu den md hinh qudn ly tai chinh cua td chfic sfl nghiep ngoai cdng lap, bao gdm: Phi dich vu: Ngfldi trd phi dich vu cd the la ngfldi mua dich vu trfle tiep chi tid hoac bdn thfi chi tid (cd the la Nha nfidc hay ddn vi tdi tid dich vu chl tid) vao trfldng hdp cu the Tfi nguydn tdc hach ^•' THOONG MAI 8522/2011 w THITRUMlB toan va each tinh phi dich vu cua cdc td chfic khdng vi ldi nhuan ndi chung cho thay mfic phi dich vu t h a p dfidi chi phi tinh du d cdc td chfic cdng lap cung fing dich vu giao due Id chfia hdp ly Van dd dat ddi vdi cdc td chfic cdng lap Id lam the' ndo de bfi dap chi phi thieu hut dd Thdng thfldng la Nha nfldc phai bfi dap, nhidn mfic dp bu dap cd khdc tfing trfidng hdp cu the Tien ddng gdp, tidn quydn gdp: Cac khodn vide sfi dung nhfi the nao ludn dfidc quy dinh rd rang va dfidc sfi tham gia ddng y cua Nhd tai trd Tai trd cfia Nha nfidc: Theo cac cam ket cfia td chfic vdi Chinh phu Vdi md hinh qudn ly tdi chinh nhfl vay cdc cd sd sfl nghiep cdng lap khdng vi muc tidu Idi nhuan cd the tham khao va nghien cflu sau hdn de dp dung Tfl thflc tiang va cdeh tiep can ndu tren xin dfla mdt so kien nghi va gidi phdp dd'i vdi Nha nfldc cho boat ddng cfia ddn vi sfi «» ^ DE PHAT TRIEN (Tiep theo trang 15) bie'n phuc vu cho b a n hang ); dich vu kho hang va bdi dd xe; Bdn canh viec phat trien cdc dich vu logistic dflcfc td chflc thflc hien d cac DN dpc lap, se phdt trien theo hfldng chuydn nghiep hod va tap trung hod mdt sd khu dich vu logistics phuc vu cho phan phdi hang hod cua ngdnh Thfldng mai Khu dich vu logistics phuc vu phan phdi hang hod dfldc hieu Id mdt khu tap trung rat nhieu cdc DN cd the phd'i hdp ! THOONG MAI 85 22/2011 nghiep gido due cdng lap nfldc ta giai doan hdi nhap qudc te hien nay: Phan cap qudn Iy nhd nfldc cho cac ddn vi sfl nghiep giao due cdng lap ddm bao ddy du quydn tfl chfi, tfi chiu trach nhiem Thfidng xuyen Idm tdt cdng tdc tra, kiem tra ddi vdi cac cd sd Hoan thien ddng bd he thdng phdp luat hien h a n h dang cdn nhidu diem bat hdp Iy gifia cac van bdn luat vdi vd vdi cdc van bdn phap quy dfidi luat nhat la nhflng ndi dung cd lidn quan den p h a n cap qudn Iy Khdng de tinh trang vi quan he Idi ieh dnh hfldng den viec day manh phan cap quan Iy Phan biet rd md hinh boat ddng cfia hai loai hinh td chfic sfi nghiep ldi nhuan va khdng vi Icfi nhuan de xde dinh rd vai trd, trdeh nhiem cfia Nhd nfidc Nghidn cflu chinh sdeh khuyen khich cdc cd s6 ngoai cdng lap cd dang ky boat ddng khdng vi ldi nhuan Ngbien ciitu xay diftig va tflng vdi mdt each ddng bd Thd hi, md rdng vd nang cao bleu qud cdc boat ddng xfie tien XK de cung cap nhflng thdng tin cho cac DN sdn xuat kinh doanh hang XK; day manh cdc chfldng trinh xuc tien thfldng mai, xfie tien dau tfi, tap trung vdo cdc thl trfldng trpng diem nhfl My, Nhat Bdn, EU, Trung Qudc, Nga, ASEAN, SNG, Chau Phi; phdt trien cdc trung tam thfldng mai, tien hdnh cdc cudc trien lam vd hdl chd d nfidc ngodi cho cdc sdn pham cd tiem nang, tfl van vd XK, hdi thdo vd XK; tien hdnh xay diftig he thdng thdng tin DN, bflde thflc hien chinh sdeh dau thdu eung cap dich vu Nha nfldc dat hdng vdi sfl tham gia cua td chflc cdng lap vd ngoai cdng lap ddm bdo mdi trfldng binh dang va canh tranh lanh manh khdng phan biet sd hiifu - Tlep tuc thflc hlen ede chinh sdeh xd hdi ddi vdi nhflng ngfldi ngheo vd ddi tfldng can ngheo de hp thflc sfl dfldc tiep can cdc dich vu sfl nghiep cdng Mdt cdc td chflc sfi nghiep cdng lap dflcfc boat ddng tfl chu, ddc lap, dfing nghia khdng vi ldi nhuan thi ndn quan ly cdc td chfic theo phap luat, b a n che theo cap ehu quan Ddi mdi qudn Iy ede cd sd sif nghiep cdng lap ndi chxmg va svf nghiep gido due ddo tao cdng lap ndi ridng tinh hinh hien la cdn thiet, vi thiet nghi ngan sdeh Nha nfidc khdng the cung cap va bao cap ndi cdc dich vu cdng ddi hdi ngdy cdng cao cung vdi tdc dp phdt trien chung cua cde ngdnh kinh te xa hdi cua dat nfldc • md rdng he thdng thu thap va xii Iy thdng tin thi trfldng tiong nfidc va the gidi de eung cap cho cac DN nfldc, gifip DN md rong hdp tdc qudc te, tiep can vdi cong nghe hien dai vd tien tien, tham n h a p sdn pham vao thi trfidng qudc te Thd ndm, eoi trpng bdi dfidng dao tao ngudn nhan lfic cua ngdnh thfidng mai Ha Npi de khuyen khich phdt trien tiem nang cho cdc nha kinh doanh, thuc day nang cao trinh dp cong nghe kinh doanh, tdng cfidng kh^ nang fing dung cdng nghd to.8i tiong qudn Iy kinh doanh •