CHliN LirdC DAY HOC CUA GIAO VIEN NHAin PHAT TRlill Ttf DUV CHO HOO SIHH PHO THONG O TtiS D 6 N G O C M I E N " Trong dgy hgc d phd thdng, de phdt friln tu duy (PTTD) cho hgc sinh (HS) cdn cd sy cdng[.]
CHliN LirdC DAY HOC CUA GIAO VIEN NHAin PHAT TRlill Ttf DUV CHO HOO SIHH PHO THONG O T rong dgy hgc d phd thdng, de phdt friln tu (PTTD) cho hgc sinh (HS) cdn cd sy cdng hudng cuo n h l l u y l u td (ndng lye cOa HS, phuong phdp dgy hgc cOa gido vlin (GV}, ndl dung day hgc } Cdc hogt ddng tu eOa HS chi dgt hi$u qud coo GV cd m^t e h l l n luge dgy hge (CLDH) phij hgp Q u a n ni$m v l d q y hgc PTTD Tu Id mgl hi^n tugng Idm li Id hogt ddng nhdn thue bgc coo cuo ngt/di Hogt dgng tu ddng nghTa vdi hogt d^ng fri tue Dgy hgc PTTD Id Idm eho ngudi hgc b i l t cdch tu mdt vdn d l ndo dd d l gldl q u y l t vdn d l ; vi dy nhu: lOp HS b i l l suy nghl tn/dc hdnh ddng, b i l t ll ndo edn Idm gi vd Idm nhu i h l ndo, b i l t lya chgn edeh thuc, nguySn tdc phij hgp d l gldl q u y l t vdn d l D l ndng coo chd't lugng dgy hgc vd PTTD cho HS, GV ddng vol frd Id ngudi td chue cdc hogt ddng dgy hgc, HS phdi mom gia tfch eye vdo cde hogt dgng hge lap chu khdng chi quan sdt vd Idng nghe mdt edeh ihy d d n g ; HS cd t h i dua edu hdi eho GV hode vdi cdc bgn khdc di cung thdo ludn vd thd'ng nhdt vd'n d l Trong dgy hgc ludn ed sy phdn hdo muc tu cua HS dde d i l m tdm sinh If, dde diem nhdn thuc cuo mdi HS Id khdc nhou Do vgy, GV cdn cd nhung CLDH hgp If d l PTTD cho HS CLDH PTTD cho HS cOo G V Co n h i l u quan niem khdc v l c h i l n luge ed edc phi/ong phdp t l l p cdn khde nhou, nhung ed t h i h i l u , chien luge Id phuong hudng vd bien phdp thye hi§n, duge vdn dyng frong sudt qud frinh hogt dgng nhdm thyc hi$n mgl myc dich ey the ndo d d Thyc t l dgy hgc eho i h ^ , CLDH cua G V Id vdn d l quan frgng vi nd q u y l t djnh ddn hieu qud PTTD eOa HS; ngodi ra, vi$e r6n luyen tu eho HS mang tfnh nghe ihudt rd't rlSng d hjng GV, nd gidi thfch cho tfnh d a d g n g , phong phO cua phuong phdp, bign phdp d g y hgc ndi chung, c h i l n luge PTTD cho HS cDa G V dgy hgc ndl riSng S Tap chi Giao due so (ki i • a/aoiat TtiS D N G O C M I E N " D i n noy, da eo n h l l u chien luge duge ung dyng vdo dgy hge PTTD cho HS nhu: ddng ndo, hinh h/gnq, ngdn ngu tham, he thdng hda, phdn hdi, chd agl, edu hdi md, md hinh hda, fim vdn de, c6 t h i giup HS r6n luyen kT ndng h / d u y vd ndm vOng ngi dung k i l n thuc Tuy nhiSn, dij thyc hien theo edeh ndo thi van ed nhiJng c h i l n luge mang finh dde frung vd phd bien nhdt Mgt so CLDH sou ddy dugc xem Id tieu b i l u vd quan frgng, d d Id: 1} Nhd'n mgnh nhlim vy hge tap cua HS; 2) Su dyng ede cau hdi md; 3) Chd dgl HS trd ldi dugc cdu hdi vd chd'p nhgn sy da dgng cdc edu trd ldi cua HS; 4} Iruyen khich nhdng syphdn hoi tu HS; 5} Khdng dua nhi/ng y klen hay ddnh gid, ding thdi khdng nhde Igl nhung cdu trd ldi cua HS; 6} Yeu cau HS suy nghT/ tu ve qud frinh fu cua bdn thdn Cdc ehlln luge fren cd lien quan ehdt ehe vol nhau, chiln luge sou tilp ndi chien luge frudc frong m & gid hge vd cd qud Irtnh dgy hgc Nhi/ng chien luge ndy cd tde dyng giup HS ajy nghT, h/ vd van dyng edc thoo tdc tu vdo qud trinh gidi q u y ^ cdc nhidm vy hgc tdp Moi chiln luge cd mdt vai frd nhdt djnh Cy the: ehlln luge ed tde dyng ^ n h hudng qud trinh tu cuo HS; dt\\en luge nhdm r ^ Tuyen cho HS tfnh mem deo, linh hogt frong cdc hogt dgng tu duy; chiln luge giup HS suy nghT, djnh hudng h/ mgt vdn d l cy the ndo dd, GV cdn duo nnimg cau hdi d l HS duge thda sue sdng tgo theo sy tudng tugng cua o k em (chu the h/ duy); chiln luge phdt frien tu phe phdn cho HS; chiln luge khuyln khfch, Igo dieu kien eho HS SUV nghT, fim hudng gidi quylt vdn d l theo eddi h i l u noy quan d i l m ciJa minh; ehlln l u a : d ed vol frd ddnh gid, klan nghiem h'nh hieu qud qud trinh l u cuo tHS Ngodi ro, moi chien luge se cd nhijng Idc dyng liSn hodn, tdng hgp cho viec PTTD eOa HS qud frinh hgc tgp Sou GV d d xdc djnh edc CLDH PJTD cho HS, vd'n d l cdn Igi Id cdeh thuc de frien khai, phdt friln chien luge * Viti Khoa bfc giio d|c m Hm T r i l n khoi m l sd CLDH vd ddnh gid Igi qud frinh h/ eua HS chua Chien luge 1: Nhdn mgnh nhiem vy hgc tdp dugc quan tdm dung muc Tu ve qud frinh tu Clio HS Trong Iqa hgc, GV edn td chuc HS tdp duyc6ndugcgolld«s/eunh*)rf)uc"{m^acognitlon), frung vdo cdc hogt dgng hge tdp tuong thfch vdi cd t h i dien frong vd sau bdi hgc De phdt frien nhiem vy dgy hgc dugc giao hode tgp frung vdo c h i l n luge ndy, GV cd nhieu cdch Wide nhau, mgt ehu de hgc tgp ndo d d chdng hgn nhu: - Gidi thieu vd! HS cde thoo tde D l phdtfriln chien lucx: nay, G V c d t h i Hln hdnh tu md cde em su dyng frong sudt bdi hgc; nhu sou: - Ghi ro myc fieu cuo bdl hge; - Ghi rd cdu - Su dyng kr thugt ddt cdu ndi «sieu nhdn tht/c" hdi thdo ludn, GV dira ro nhi/ng cdu hdi frgng Idm, vdo cudi moi hogt dgng dgy hgc V i dy: Tgi soo d i ^ hinh; - Tham vdn sdng k i ^ kinh nghiem cua em gidi quyet vd'n de nhu vgy? Em q u y l t djnh ddng nghi§p; - Viet cdu hdi chinh ISn bdng d l HS nhu the ndo? ; - Cho HS Hm h i l u ve ehuc ndng cd t h i theo doi duge; - Tiln hdnh mdt hay nhilu eOa ndo b d de edc em cd t h i hieu them v l qud hogt ddng ddnh gid qud frinh hgc tgp cuo HS; - C6 frinh PTTD cua ngudi nhu the ndo; - Ldm mau i h l sudyng mdy ghi dm qud frinh dgy hge d l eho HS, nghTa Id GV hudng dan HS each gldl quydt vdn d l nhanh nhd't, sou d d yeu edu HS ldm ddnh gid cdc edu ndl frwig bdl hgc GV giup HSehudnbi tdm the tdt, ludn sdn sdng tirong h/; - D u o danh sdeh cdc ehlln luge gidi de thye hidn ede nhiem vy hgc tgp vd frdnh vi§e quyet vd'n d l nhu: cfdo nguge vd'n de, chia nhd thdo lugn nhOng vdn de khong lien quan, di ch§eh vdn di d l gldl q u y l t tung phdn, lien tudng d i n hudng thyc hi§n cdc hogt dgng hgc lap Tuy vd'n d l tuong ty vd fim k i l m ede hudng gidi auylt nhien, khd khdn eua qud frinh f^idt friln tu Bdng qud frinh tu eua bdn ihdn, HS khong cho HS Id chung ta khdng the ddt k l hogch trudc nhung se h/ ddnh gid duge tfnh hl§u qud qud eho nhung tinh hudng ndy sinh frong g i d hgc frinh tu eua minh md edn ed t h i phdn dodn ChlS'n luge 2: Su dyng cdc cdu hdi md Cdn duge y tirong, edeh h/ eOa ngudi khde frong luu y, frong dgy hge PTTD eho HS, nhijng cdu hdi v i ^ fim gidi phdp de gldl q u y l t vdn d l Hdu c u a G V c d v a i trd rdl quan frgng Sy thu, soy h i t , cdc nhd nghien cuu ludn col «sleu nhdn thue" me hgc tgp cua HS phy thudc rdl nhieu vdo cdu nhu Id mgt thdnh phdn quan frgng cua bd't ki mdt hdi vdn ddp cua GV Cd edu hdi phdt huy dugc chien luge PTTD ndo, nd c6 the dugc su dyng finh h'eh eye hgc tgp cua HS vd cung cd nhOng edu frong vd sou mgt logi hinh hogt dgng tu hdi khong Idm dugc d i l u ndy Vdy, vd'n d l ddt ro Trong dgy hge d phd thdng, moi ngi dung hoc Id cau hdi nhu the ndo tht cd t h i PTTD eho HS? Cdc tdp ed Ide dyng phdt friai mgt logl hinh tu nhdt ehuyen gio gido dye cho rdng, mgt frong nhung djnh.Chdnghgn,frongdgyhoemdnTodn,ngidung logi cdu ndl PTTD cua HS tdt nhdt Id cdu hdi md phdn hinh hge cd tde dyng PTTD truu tugng, tu Ddy Id logi cdu hdi cd nhieu hon mgt cdch frd ldi hinh dnh, tu k>gic vd tu sdng tgo; ede bdi vd khdng frd ldi dugc bdng sed" bode «khdng" todn ve suy lugn cd tde dyng PTTD k>gic,tu bien Su dyng nhung «edu hdi md" Id mdt frong nhDng chung, h/ phe phdn, l u sdng Igo Trong ehiln luge quan frgng d l PTTD cua HS Trong dgy dgy hoc mdn Vdn, edc bdi tdp Idm vdn sS PTTD hge, GV ed t h i phdt friln ehiln luge ndy b a n g logic vd tu sdng tgo cho tHS, Mdi mgeh kiln nhilu edeh khdc nhau: - V i l t edu hdi frudc filn thuc Igi cd nhung bdi hgc cy the tuong ung vdt mot hdnh bdi hgc vd treo d vj fri HS de quan sdt nhdt; b g i hinh tu TO do, ihdng qua cdc CLDH PTTD - O i o HS thdo ludn mgt edeh ey i h l , ehi tilt ve edu vd hJng ngi dung dgy hge cy the, GV ed the hudng hdi m d nhdm giup edc em phdn logi dugc edu hdi den phdt friln mgt logi hinh tu b ^ ki cho HS «ddng" vd cdu hdi «md"; - Su dyng bdng ghi dm theo myc dfeh eua minh de ddnh gid v l cdu hdi ehinh GV duo Tdm Igi, frong qud frinh si> dyng cdc CLDH Vdn de ddt ro Id cd i h l HS se dua ro cdu frd nhdm PTTD cho HS cua GV, GV se khdng t h i eung ldi di c h ^ h khdi myc dfeh, y cOa G V hode cd luc phdt friln ngoy td'l cd ede chien luge bdi vi§c nhijng edu hdi h/ phdt; nhien, nd se idt yeu ndy ddi hdi thdi gian vd mgt qud frinh Idu ddi xdy Idil GV Idn ddu tiep edn vd van dyng chien Viec phdt frien se tdp frung vdo hode chiln luge ndy vdo dgy hgc luge dugc xem Id c o b d n , cnu yeu frong mgt thd! Chli'n luge 6: Yiu cdu HS suy nghr/hr d i l m cy t h i vd cdn cd sy ddu h/, nghien euu mgt ve qud trinh tu cua hg Trong dgy hge, G V it each khoa hgc cua GV Cdn luu ^ rdng, frong yeu cdu HS suy nghT, h/ Tgi ve chfnh qud dgy hgc PTTD, n l u GV khdng Idm chu cde c h i l n frinh h/duycuo bdn thdn Vi the, vide k i l m nghiem (Xem flip trang 40) Tap Chi Slao due so (ki % • a/aoiai ndng tyc su phgm cho bdn thdn, gdp phdn ndng cao chd't tugng gido dye eho nude nhd • Tdi li^u tham khdo NguySn PhOc Chinh "Gi&o dye nSn nfp Id cuong, idng say m& nghS ngtu$p cua dOi ngQ giving vi£n" Hoi nghi Gidi phdp ndng cao*chdt iitryng ddo t^o theo hpc chi tin chi, Th4i Nguyftn 2011 BO GD-DT Quy ch^43/2007/QD-BGDDT Quytfldinh v l vi$c ban hiinh "Quy djnh d^o t^o d^i hoc vk cao dang h$ ctu'nh quy theo h$ thcing tin chi", T h i i Nguyen 2010 " T ^ U^u t ^ h u ^ vt phuong thOc dko t^o theo tin ctiT' Trudng D^ii hoc Ichoa h(x; xa hOi vk nhSn van - Dpi tiQC quCic gia H& NOi 2011 Cirscliluan Ulip theo trang 34) rill QL h i riidng cdng ey t h i l l bj H N edn ddm bdo bo ngi dung sou: xdy dyng vd bi sung ihudng x u y i n di cd mdt he thd'ng hodn ehinh ve cdng cy thiet bj H N ; tri, t>do qudn tdt he thd'ng edng cy rtiilt bj H N ; khoi thdc si> dyng cd hieu qud H i thdng cdng cy riiilt bj H N cd y nghlo quan h-gng vd khdng t h i t h i l u diroe qud Mnh HN NhiJng edng ey t h i l t bj phdi ed ddy dO v l sd lirgng, chung logi vd ddp ung dugc myc tliu GDHN ciia nnd Irudng d} QL phuong phdp HN td mgt y l u td quan SUMMARY trgng Irong qud trinh GDHN eho HS Cd nhilu J' The confenft of the article mention some genercri k i l n cho rdng, edn ed phtrong phdp H N r i i n g cho Issues about the current status of teaching staff at CoSege ofEducatton - Thai Nguyen Unlveislty, dnd spe- HS Irong edc TDN (ddy Id mdt quan d i l m dung v l cific analysis of expertise requirementsthat lecturers must GDHN), vi H N hong TDN cd dde rtiO rieng vd c6 take over to meet credit-based training model The tlie lya chon, vdn dyng, Iriln khoi cdc [i^uong phdp auttior has analyzed Intensively ttie requirements of sou ddy: - Phirong phdp cung edp tfidng Hn; - Si> tviK> operations: Curriculum development and lecture outlining development If lecturers meet these require- dyng ede b^ h-de n g h i i m ; - Thdo ludn nhdm; ments w6S It wlH help lecturers carry out effective teex:ti Tdng k i t kl ndng vd kinh nghiim n g h l ; - Thi/c Ing hours txised on the credlt-lxised training hdnh n g h l ; - H N quo g i d hge l l thuylt n g h l ; - Thyc t l tgi doanh n g h i i p ; - Ddng vol; - Thdo ludn, trao ddi vdi cdng nhdn Idm viie tgi h i i n tn/dng Chien lirac day hoc (Tiip theo frang 54} luge, nhieu s i ddn d i n phdn tdc dyng vd khdng ndng eao dugc ehdl lugng dgy hgc Q Tdi li^u tham ktado NguySn Quang UJn Tftm If hpc d^l cuong NXB Dt?i hpc qu&c gia, H 1999 M N SacdacOp T u cda hpc sinh NXB GidP difc H 1970 R S Rubinstein V i tir v& nhttng dudng k h i o s d t n NXB Gido (J(^c,H 1958 Rot)ert J Marzano Ngh$ thu$t vd khoa hpc day hpc (NguySn Htm Chau djch) NXB Gido due Vi^i Nam, H.2011 Edward de Bono Teaching thinking Penguin Books, 1991 R S Nickerson D^y ki nSng tir (l^i liOu h6 try dgiy hoc tiJ xa) Dy &a Vi^t - Bi, H 2000 SUMMARY To be successful in teaching In general, teaching thinking to students In particular will have resonance for many elements In which, according to the author, an Important factor Is crucial the teacher strategics of teaching thinking The post/actlcle stresses the importance of the teacher strategics of thinking teaching, also offer a number of strategies and development of teacher strategics be applied In teaching to develop student's thinking on the basis of various studies consult educational experts as well as practical experience of the self D l QL hogI ddng G D H N dgt hieu qud, h-ong qud h-inh DT, cdc TDN cdn xdc djnh rd Ichdl ni$m: QL hogt ddng G D H N , mye Hiu QL G D H N , Ajc d i l m QL G D H N , edng ey QL G D H N , ngi dung QL GDHN T r i n co sd d d , ede Irudng vdn dyng vdo QL phCi hgp nhdm ndng cao hl^u qud DT, ddp ung y i u cdu eOa thj fi-udng too ddng vd gdp phdn phdt h-lln b i n vung nhd trudng • Til ll$u tham khio BO Lao dOng - Thuong binh v i Xa hOi Chlthf sd02/ CT-BLDTBXH ngdy 01/10/2010 vi thuc hi^n nhiim v(i Cdng tdc hpc sinh, sinh viin ndm hpc 2010-2011" NguySn Thj M^ LOc Q u i n If, lanh d^o nhd trudmg ih€ ki XXI NXB fipi hpc guifc gia Hd Ndi 2009 A Zaleznik Managers and Leaders: Are They Different? Harvard Business Review 1977 W G Bennis - B Nanus Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge New York: Harper & Row 1985 SUMMAIZY Management of vocational counseling education at trade schools to be effective, the following rationale on the management of vocational counseling education at trade schools: concept, objectives, characteristics, instrument, content management of vocational counseling education at trade schools Tap chifilaodue s6 (ki i • a/aoia) ... qud frinh tu eua bdn ihdn, HS khong cho HS Id chung ta khdng the ddt k l hogch trudc nhung se h/ ddnh gid duge tfnh hl§u qud qud eho nhung tinh hudng ndy sinh frong g i d hgc frinh tu eua minh... khdng Idm chu cde c h i l n frinh h/duycuo bdn thdn Vi the, vide k i l m nghiem (Xem flip trang 40) Tap Chi Slao due so (ki % • a/aoiai ndng tyc su phgm cho bdn thdn, gdp phdn ndng cao chd''t... HS Cd nhilu J'' The confenft of the article mention some genercri k i l n cho rdng, edn ed phtrong phdp H N r i i n g cho Issues about the current status of teaching staff at CoSege ofEducatton