l l I UAN OlAO DVC • DAY H9C SVDIMGPHiniNGPHAPDAYVA HOC TICH CUGNHilM GIAO D(IG TiNH Ki LUAT HOC TAP CHO SINH VIEN CAO O ^ G SV PHAM O ThS VU THI HUONG LV 1 Phuong phdp dgy vd hgc tfch ci/c Thu^ ngO «[.]
l l I.UAN OlAO DVC • DAY H9C SVDIMGPHiniNGPHAPDAYVA HOC TICH CUGNHilM GIAO D(IG TiNH Ki LUAT HOC TAP CHO SINH VIEN CAO O ^ G SV PHAM O Phuong phdp dgy vd hgc tfch ci/c T h u ^ ngO « phuong phdp dgy vd hgc Heh ei/c" dugc dOng d l cnf nhOng phuong phdp gido di/c/ dgy hge rindm phdt huy Knh tfch ci/c, ehu d^ng, sdng h;]o cua ngudi hgc Phuong phdp dgy vd hgc Heh ei/c d l e$p cdc hogt dgng dgy vd hgc nhAm Heh ci/c hda hogt d$ng hge t§p (HT) vd nh&m phdt hiln Hnh sdng h?o cua ngudi hgc Trong dd, cdc hogt dgng HT dugc id chuc, djnh hvdng bdi gido vign (GV); ngudi hge kh&ng thv g phdi Id m$t phuong phdp dgy hgc cy thi md Id mgt khdl nlgm boo g i m nhilu phuong phdp, hinh thuc, kr thugt CI/ thi khde nhou nhdm Heh ei/c hdo, tdng cudng si/ tham gia cDa ngudi hge, tgo dllu kign cho ngudi hgc phdt h-lln t^i da khd ndng HT, ndng lye sdng tgo, ndng li/cgldl quylt v£in d l ( ) N/iung ddu hifu d^c trung cua dgy vd hgc Heh Ci/c: - Dgy vd hgc thdng quo t^ chuc cdc hogt d$ng cOa SV vd chO trgng rgn luygn phuong phdp h/ hgc; - Tdng cudng hogt d^ng HT cuo m6i ed nhdn, phdl hgp vdi hgc h?p tde; - Dgy vd hgc eho trgrig d i n si/ quon tdm vd hOng thO cuo ngudi hgc cOng nhu nhu e6u cOo xd h$l; - Dgy vd hgc eol trgr>g si/ hvdng dSn Hm tdl; - Kit hgp si/ ddnh gid eua thdy vdi h/ ddnh gid cOa h-d Tfnh id luQt h^c t^p (KLHT) Theo hSc gid A.I.Koehetov, KIHT cOo hgc sinh (HS) phy t h u ^ vdo v l ^ t^ chOc gid hge vd n$l dung cdng vl$c md HS phdl hodn thdnh (2) Tdc gid V.A.Cruchexkl vd N.X.Lukln khdng #_ ThS VU THI HUONG LV djnh, glCta vl|c td chuc qud h-inh dgy hgc vd gido dvc KIHT c6 m6\ quan h | m^t thilt Dllu A Mf Id KIHT ch( c6 t h i dugc hinh thdnh frgn co sd dia vigc itf ehue hgp If qud trinh dgy hge Ngugc Iql, higu qud cuo qud h-inh dgy hgc Igl phy thu SV td chOc dOng d6n qu6 h-inh dgy hgc (3) Tdc gid Phgm Minh Hung dd sv dgng khdl nlgm v l tfnh KLHT nhv sou: «Tfnh KLHT Id m$t phdm chdt eOa nhdn cdch dugc hinh thdnh qud h-inh HT cOa HS N duqc 4>c trvng bdt thdi d$ h/ gidc vd thdi quen h/ dllu I d i l ^ , dllu chtnh hdnh vl eua bdn thdn phO hgp vdi yftu edu cOa gid hge (4) Ddi vdi SV coo ddng sv phgm (CDSP), hogt d$ng hfT trar>g trudng su phgm c6 y nghTa rl^ quon trgng, bdi ddy Id glal dogn hg dugc hong bjddydO nhOng ki^ muc lihoa hgc cobdnvii ld)oa hgc chuyen sdu cOa m$t ngdnh khoa hgccv t h i d l hg ddm nhl|m vol trd gidng dgy nhOng bg mdn khoo hge d nhOng bOc hgc khdc nhou; nhOng Iff ndng n^l^ vy n^4 ngjhl^ supbgm nhdm chudn b| hdnh hcmg d l trd thdnh GV hxmg tuong b i VI v ^ , hogt d^ng HT cOa SV CDSf ngdy noy ddi hdl hg phdi bj cho minh m$t phuong phdp HT hodn todn chO dgng, sdng lgo Mdl ngudi pl\6\ h/ Hm cho minh m^t cdJi hgc ftSng hgp vdi dilu kl|n, hodn ednh cOng nhv nhu edu HT Chfnh vl v ^ , vl|c dgy vd hgc m$t cdch Keh CI/C chfnh Id CO sd d l SV COSP c6 thai d$ h/ g(6c, Heh ct/c HT nhdm thu dugc m$t kA qud HT tdt nhdt vd Id nin tdng d l hg theo dull SV nghlgp HT sudt ddi cOa ngudi thdy ChOng tdl quon nl|m «7rn/i KIHTci^o SVCDSP Id mdt ^dm ch^ nhdn cddi cOa n^riH SV N6 * TnMif CM d k | nr pkfB t i m M f Tap chi Blip due s6 291 tu i ã v*ằw dugc thehiĐn dthdld^ti/ gidc, tich a/c tbam gia vdo qud trinh tim klim, khdm phd, phdt hl§n kl$'n AiJc, vdn c/yng fe/ln rfiuc dg' gidl quyit vdn di tbi/c ti§n, qua dd hnh b^i n^i dung HT vd phdt triin ndng It/c sdng tgo" M t sd' kr thu0t d g y vd hgc Heh ci/c nhdm gido dye Mnh KLHT cho SV CDSP 1) Kr thudt khdn phu bdn Id kr thu^t td chue hogt ddng HT mong Knh hop tdc kit hgp gluo hogt d$ng cd nhdn vd hogt d$ng nhdm, nhdm dem Igl h i ^ qud Idn hong cdc hogt d$ng HT h-gn Idp, hogt d$ng thdo lugn nhdm hay seminar cua SV Myc tl§u: - ThOc ddy sy tham gio Keh eye cuo SV; - Tdng cudng Hnh d$e l0p, trdeh nhigm cOa ed nhdn SV; - Tgo sy hrong tde eoo gluo SV vdi SV; - Rgn kl ndng suy nghi, quylt djnh vd gidl quylt vdn d l ; - Ndng eao higu qud HT Cdch tiin hdnh: - Chlo SV h-ong Idp thdnh cdc nhdm vd phdt cho mdl nhdm mgt hfr gidy AO; - Chlo td gid'y AO thdnh cdc phdn, gdm cdc phdn chinh gluo vd nhi^ng phdn xung quonh Phdn xung quonh dugc chlo theo sd' thdnh vign nhdm (vi dy nh6m ngvdl) Mdl ngudi ngdl vdo vj trf tuong xung vdi h/ng phdn xung quonh; - Moi ed nhdn Idm vIge dge Igp vdi phut, tdp trung suy nghT h-d Idl edu h d l / nhigm vy theo cdch nghT cdch hilu rIdng cuo mdl cd nhdn vdo phdn gidy cuo minh trgn td gidy AO; - Trgn ca sd nhung y kiln cua mdl ed nhdn, SV thdo lugn nhdm, thd'ng nhd't y kiln vd Viet vdo phdn gluo eua id gId'y AO «khdnphu bdn" Nhung luu yr tdrhue dgy bgc tbeo kTtbu^t khdn phu bdn: - Cdu hdl thdio ludn Id cou hdl md; - Trong trudng hgp sd SV nhdm qud ddng, khdng dO dio h-gn «khdn phu bdn", cd t h i cho SV nhung mdnh g l ^ nhd d l SV ghl ^ kiln cd nhdn sou dd dfnh vdo phdn xung quonh «khdn bdn"; - Trong qud trinh thdo ludn thdng nhd't y kiln, dfnh nhung y' kiln thdng nhd't vdo glOo tfkhdn phu bdn", nhung •^ kiln h-ung nhou cd t h i dfnh chdng Idn nhou Vfdi/: Ygu cdu SV ngu nhOng y l u tddnh hudng d i n sy hinh thdnh vd phdt h-lln nhdn edeh? (mdl ed nhdn suy nghT, hd Idl edu hdl vdo phdn gidy cuo minh trgn «khdn phu bdn'; thdo ludn nhdm, thdng nhdt ^ kiln, ghl kit qud vdo glCta «khdn bdn"; dgi dl0n cdc nhdm trinh bdy kit qud, cdc nhdm khdc tham gio phdn hdl gdp y kiln, gido vign nhdn x l t kit lugn) Tap chifilaodue s6 (ki i - s/aoiai 2) KT thudt tcKWL' K (Know) - nhCrng dllu dd bllt, V^ (Wont to know) - nhung dllu mudn bllt, L (Leonned) - nhOng dllu dd hgc duge - Id so dd llgn h$ cdc kiln thuc bill llgn quon din bdi hgc, ede kiln thue mudn blltvd cdc kiln thue hgc dugc sou bdi hgc Ddy Id phuong phdp HT mong Igi hl$u qud rdt coo cho hogt a$ng h/ hgc cOo SV Phuong phdp ndy glOp SV cd thdi glan chudn bj eho bdi hge mdl cdch chu ddo, bllt ggl nhd \g\ nhi^g kiln thue dd hgc dd bllt, cOng nhu rgn luygn eho SV kT ndng dgt vdn d l , chudn bj \Tudc nhOng edu hdl ed llgn quan din ndl dung bdi hge eho GV, tO dd dugc GV hudng ddn cdch hgc, edeh gidl quylt vdn d l khd khdn HT vd ed dllu kign ^ tim kllm cdc ngudn tdl llgu tham khdo trgn thu vign, trgn Internet Myc tt&u: - SV xdc djnh dvgc dgng co/nhigm vy HT vd h/ ddnh gid dugc kit qud HT sou ngl dung/bdl hge thdng quo vIge xdc djnh nhung hllu bllt, kinh nghigm vd kiln thuc da ed llgn quan din bdi hgc, xdc ^ n h nhu cdu kiln thuc mdl vd ddnh gid kit qud HT cOo minh sou bdi hge; - Tdng cudng Knh dge Igp euo SV; - Gidng vign e6 thi ddnh gid duge kit qud HT euo SV thdng quo ty ddnh gid, thu hogeh cuo SV, h-gn eo sd dd c6 thi dilu chinh cdch dgy cOa minh cho hgp Cdd) fi^ hdnh: Sou gidl thigu bdi hgc, mye Hgu cdn dgt cOa bdi hgc, gidng vign phdt phllu HT«KWL" Krthudt ndy dugc thychlgn cho cd nhdn hogc cho nhdm SV dlln phllu cdc thdng tin sou: T6n bdi hpc/n^l dung HT T$nSV: L6p: Ki gMo 4vc ote e» * t i M iMi huAiig 4tn M nMi cd*** - NhOnt r*u l& M l Hiin otn lU MM n M i «* pMI W n rMn nociMc«c) c*cn(d*rtnglôllicMBAc*crioW ô n ô cMm Mc ã t khdu phdt hl$n vdn d l , Hm gidl phdp cho vd'n d l ddt ro, thye hign cdc gidl phdp vd rOt kit lugn Dgy hge tfch eye ddi hdl gidng vign ngodi kiln thuc sdu rgng edn cd kr ndng su phgm tdt; SV cdn cd Hnh thdn h/ gidc, Keh eye, chO dgng HT d l chllm Irnh kiln thOe Q Phinmg phap hinh (Tlip theo trang 20) Vige nghign cuu vd xdy dyng PP hinh thdnh BTSL eho h-g edn Hin hdnh theo ede G D nhdm td chuc cdc HD nhgn bllt tfch eye cOo t r i Trong ede HD dd, G V cdn tgo co h^l d l trg dugrc h-di nghigm, quon sdt, khdm phd phu hqp vdi nhu cdu, hOng thu vd khd ndng cOo t r i d l ndm ddu hl^u SL vd M Q H SL cd xung quonh h-l, glOp trg vdn dyng tdl da nhung BTSL dd cd vdo ede HD khde cuo trg D l ndng coo M D hinh thdnh BTSL cho trg edn su dyng llnh hogt PP md chung tdl dd nghign e(>u Mdt khdc, cdn h i p tyc nghign ci>u, bd sung cdc PP, bi$n phdp khde nhdm ndng eoo higu qud eOo qud trinh G D ndy Cdn chudn bl tdt cdc tdl li$u hudng ddn G V M N dp dyng PP hinh thdnh BTSL eho h-| M G dd xdy dyng Thudng xuygn td chue bdi dvong eho G V M N myc dfch, ndl dung, bl^n phdp, hinh thvc hinh thdnh BTSL cho trg M G Hvdng ddn G V M N cdch thi>c phdl hgp cdc bl^n phdp dd nghign evu thyc hign nhigm vy hinh thdnh BTSL cho h-g NXB G M O J K C H 1990 Ph?m Minh Hdng Cdc bifn phdp gido difc ttnh Id ludt hogt d^ng hgc tdp trin Idp cho hgc sinh ddu b^c tliu hgc Lujtn &n PTS, Trudng D^i h^c sii ph(immN0i.H1999 SUMMARY In teaching and education, the role of lecturers Is very Important Under lecturers' designing, organization and orientation, students participate In the learning process, from Identifying theprotylem finding the solution Implementing the solution and making conclusion The article presents several active teaching and learning techniques for education of study discipline for pedagogic Junior college students Cho trgng xdy dyng mdl trvdng HD nhdm tgo d l l u kl^n cho t r i thyc hign cdc nhigm vy nhdn bllt SL vd M Q H SL dan xen, hda quy|n cOng cdc nhl|m vy G D khdc, trgn eo sd d6 BTSL cOo trg dvgre hinh thdnh vd phdt h'lln Tdng cudng tgo eo hgl eho h-g dp dyng BTSL dd ndm dugc vdo cdc HD khdc cOa tri D TAI Ufu tham khgo B.B Danhilova ChuIn b | cho tri bQC toin i t n i g v g tilu hoc NXB Akademi, Moskoa 1998 R W Copeland Mathematics to early children Macmillan, 1984 L.M Kennedy Guiding children s learning of mathematyc (4 th ed) Belmont CA: Wadswoitb, 1984 SUMMARY Developing number symbol contributes in ertianclryg active awareness for ktrxiergarteners This wOlfacl»tate ttiem to lerxn to count as weV as lean ctigepraicc^Mratlons In primary sc^)ool To Improve tt)ls sttuatlon, stud^g arxl suttat^ using organizing-, guiding methods to fcxMate active awarir)g activities ofldndergartenets.friit)ese adtvines, teachers need create opportwTttios for iô ... chinh cdch dgy cOa minh cho hgp Cdd) fi^ hdnh: Sou gidl thigu bdi hgc, mye Hgu cdn dgt cOa bdi hgc, gidng vign phdt phllu HT«KWL" Krthudt ndy dugc thychlgn cho cd nhdn hogc cho nhdm SV dlln phllu... cho SV CDSP cho fhdv, vol trd cOo gidng vign rdt quon hgng Dudi sy tnllt k l , td chuc, djnh hudng eOo gidng vign, SV dugc tham gio vdo qud trinh HT h> khdu phdt hl$n vdn d l , Hm gidl phdp cho. .. dung, bl^n phdp, hinh thvc hinh thdnh BTSL cho trg M G Hvdng ddn G V M N cdch thi>c phdl hgp cdc bl^n phdp dd nghign evu thyc hign nhigm vy hinh thdnh BTSL cho h-g NXB G M O J K C H 1990 Ph?m Minh