NhuTng van de xd hoi Vkn dd giao due va dao tao hien nay suy ng^m t u quan diem cua Hd Chi IMinh • MAI M 6 N G TUdNG Phd Tru&ng ban Tuyin gido Thdnh dy Dd Ndng Sinh thbi Chii tich Ho Chi Minh ludn dkc[.]
NhuTng van de xd hoi Vkn d d g i a o due v a dao t a o hien - suy ng^m t u quan diem cua H d Chi IMinh • MAI M N G TUdNG Phd Tru&ng ban Tuyin gido Thdnh dy Dd Ndng S inh thbi Chii tich Ho Chi Minh ludn dkc bidt quan tkm dd'n sir nghidp trIng ngubi Trong thu giii cac can bd giao due, hpe sinh, sinh vidn cac tnrong vk cac Idp bd tiie van hda ngky 31 thang nam 1960, Ngubi ckn dan: "Van hda giao due phai phat trien manh dd phue vu ydu cdu eua each mang Giao due phai phue vu dubng ldi chinh tri eua Dang va Chinh phu, gan lien vdi san xnat vk dbi sdng cua nhkn dkn Hpc phai di ddi vdi hanh, ly lukn phai Hdn he vdi thuc td Trong vide giao due va hpc tap, phai chii trpng du cac mat: dao due each mang, giac ngd xa hdi chu nghia, van hda, ky thuat, lao ddng va san xuk't"(l) Tir thud nhkn dkn ta mang than phkn nd Id chiu su thd'ng tri khac eua ehd' dp thue dan Phap, Nguyen Ai Qud'c da bay td su bk't binh ve chinh sach giao due cua Chinh phu thude dia Ngiroi da cd bai vidt phd phan vdi tidu dl Nan thid'u trubng hpe, dang trdn bao L'Humaninte' ngky 5-2-1923 Ngiroi ehi rd: "Dkn chiing dang dbi hdi phai ed trubng hpe, ma hidn nay, tnrong hpc dang thid'u mpt each td hai Mdi nam eii de'n khai tnrong, cac bac cha me dii cd di gd cua khap noi, cau xin mpi su giiip db, thkm ehi xin nop gap ddi tiln an hpc ma hp vkn khdng gdi cai ddn trubng Vk nhiing diia tre nay, cd de'n hang nghin, bi day vao canh ngu dot chi vi khdng cd du trubng sd cho chiing di hpc "(2) Dieu dd cho thky tir rk't sdm vdi cam quan chinh tri nhay ben eua minh, Nguyen Ai Qud'c da tha'y rat rd da tkm cua chu nghia thuc dan Phap bang vide ap dung chinh sach "lam cho u me de dl tri" dd'i vdi nhkn dan ta Gan 90 nam trdi qua, quan diem cham lo vl giao due dao tao (GDDT) da dupc Dang va Nha nubc ta timg bubc thuc hidn cang td't hon, coi day la qud'c sach hang dau, the hien bang cac chidn lupc, giai phap cu the Thain nhuan quan diem cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh, nhiing nam qua Dang va Nha nude ta da khdng ngimg dau tu nhieu mat cho linh vue GDDT Theo dd chat lugng day va hpe cang dupe nkng len, cac phong trao thi dua d eac bac hpe, nganh hpc tir Trung uong den dia phuong dupc day len sdi ndi, tao mdt thd day va hpc cang tid'n bd Thuc tiln cho thay, nhb su dau tu thda dang ndn tai cac ^ tbi qud'c td nhiing nam qua, doan hpc sinh Viet Nam ludn giknh dupe nhiing giai cao d hau bet cac mdn tbi, dem vinh quang vl cho dat nude, lam niic Tong thay giao, ed giao va phu huynh ca nude Nhilu em hpe sinh ngheo bang nghi luc cua minh dk vugt khd, hoac vupt qua khuydt tat de vuon Idn hpe gidi, dd dat cao trd nhiing tain guong sang de cac ban tre noi theo Trong Thu gui eac can bd, cd giao, thay giao, cdng nhkn vidn, hpc sinh TUYEN GlAO SO 10-2011 : ; ' NhuTng van de xd hoi sinh vien nhan dip bat dau nam hpc mbi, dang tren bao Nhan dan, sd 5299, 16 thang 10 nam 1968, Bac Ho nhae nhd: "Dii khd khan den dau eiing phai tiep tuc thi dua day tdt va hpc tdt Tren nen tang giao due chinh tri va lanh dao t u tubng tdt, phai phan daii nang cao chat lugng van hda va chuyen mdn nham thiet thue giai quyet eac van d l each mang nude ta d l va mdt thbi gian khdng xa, dat nhiing dinh cao cua khoa hpc vk ky thuat Giao due la su nghiep ciia quan chung Can phai phat buy day du dan chu xk hdi chii nghia, xky dung quan he that tdt, dokn ket that chat che giiia thay va thay, giiia thay vk trb, giiia hpc trb vdi nhau, giiia can bd cac cap, giiia nha tnrong va nhkn dkn de hokn t h a n h thkng Ipi nhidm vu"(3) Thuc hidn Ibi day cua Ngubi, nhiing nam dki khang chidn chdng chidn tranh xkm lupc ciia thue dan, dd qudc, can bd vk nhkn dkn ta da vupt qua mudn vkn khd khkn, gian khd ke ca hy sinh xuong mau dd quydt tkm thuc hidn bang dugc "su nghidp ngubi" Chiing ta da timg bubc xky dung mdt dpi ngii can bd duge trang bi day du tam tri tue, ban linh chinh tri vung vkng, hokn tokn cd kha nang tham gia xky dung va bao vd To qudc Trong thbi ky dd'i mdi, n h i l u van kidn cua Dang, Dang ta tidp tuc coi trpng phat trien giao due dko tao Lan dau tien Dang ban 6 '' TUYEN GIAO SO' 10 - 2011 hanh nghi quye't chuydn de Nghi quye't Trung uong khoa VIII v l dinh hudng chid'n luge phat trid'n giao due-dao tao thbi ky edng nghiep boa, hidn dai hoa Quan diem coi giao duedao tao la qudc sach hang dau tie'p tue dugc Dang ta the hien rd Chide luge phat trien kinh te'-xk hdi 20012020 Mdi dky nhk't, tai Dai hdi dai bidu tokn qud'c lan thii XI cua Dang, danh gia tuu vl linh vue GDDT nam thuc hidn Nghi quye't Dai hdi X, 10 nam thuc hidn Chid'n luge P h a t trid'n kinh te-xa hdi 2001-2020, 20 n a m thuc hien Cuong linh nkm 1991, Dang ta chi rd: " Ddi mdi giao due dat dupe mdt sd kdt qua budc dau Chi ngkn sach nhk nubc cho giao due, dao tao dat trdn 20% td'ng chi ngkn sach; vide huy ddng cac ngudn luc xk bdi cbo giao due, dko tao, phat tridn giao due, dko tao viing sku, vung xa, viing khd khan, vung ddng bko dkn tdc thieu sd' duge quan tkm Quy md giao due dugc tie'p tuc phat trid'n Ddn nkm 2010, tk't ca cac tinh, thknh dk dat chuan phd cap giao due t n m g hpc eo sd Ty Id lao ddng qua dko tao tang, nkm 2010 dat 40% tdng sdlao dpng "(4) Dd la nhiing kdt qua dang mimg va dang tran trpng, can phai ddng long chung sue gin giii de p h a t huy, nhkn rdng thbi gian tdi, bao dam lkm cho n i n giao due nude nhk tidp tue ed nhiing bubc tid'n mbi qua trinh gdp phan thue hidn thang Ipi muc tidu "Dkn giku nude m a n h , dkn chu, cdng bang, vkn minh", sanh vai cung bau ban trdn thd gidi Tuy nhidn, chiing ta cung thang thkn nhin nhkn nhiing h a n ehd, yd'u kem, dd la: "Chk't lupng GDDT chua dap ling ydu cau phat trien, nhat la dko tao ngudn nhkn luc trinh dp cao van cbn ban che, chua chuyen manh sang dao tao theo nhu cau eua xk hoi Chua giai quyd't tdt giiia tang sd lupng, quy md vdi nkng cao ehk't lugng, giiia day chu va day ngubi Chuong trinh, noi dung, phuong phap day va hpc lac hau, ddi mdi chkm; co ck'u giao due khdng hpp ly giiia cac linh vue, ngknh nghe dao tao, ehk't lupng giao due tokn didn giam siit, chua dap ling duge ydu cau cua su nghidp edng nghidp hda, hien dai hda Quan ly nha nude ve giao due cbn bat cap Xu huong thuong mai hda va sa Slit dao due giao due khac phue cbn chkm, hieu qua thap, dang trd thknh noi hue xiic cua xk hdi "(5) De thuc hidn muc tieu chan h u n g nen giao due - dao tao, Dai hdi XI ciia Dang da xac dinh nhidm vu trpng tam hidn lk ddi mdi ckn ban va tokn didn giao due-dko tao Cuong linh Xky dung dat nude thbi ky qua dp len chu nghia xa hdi (Bd sung, p h a t trien n a m 2011) phan ndi ve GDDT dk ehi rd: "Giao due vk dao tao cd sir menh nkng cao dkn tri, phat trien ngudn n h k n lire, boi dubng n h k n tki, gdp phan quan trpng phat trien dat nude, xay dung n i n van hda vk NhuTng van de xd ho ngubi Viet Nam P h a t trien giao due va dao tao cimg vdi phat trien khoa hpe va edng nghe la qudc sach hang dau; dau t u cho giao due va dao tao la dau t u phat trien Ddi mdi can ban va toan didn giao due va dko tao theo nhu cau phat trien ciia xa hdi; nang cao ehk't lupng theo yeu cau chuan hda, hien dai hda, xa hpi hda, dan chu hda va hpi nhap qudc td, phue vu dkc luc su nghidp xky dung vk bao vd To qud'c Day m a n h xky dimg xa hdi hpc tap, tao eo hdi vk diiu kidn cho mpi cdng dan dupc hpc tap sud't dbi"(6) Dd giao due vk dao tao thuc s u p h a t trid'n theo hudng dd'i mbi can b a n va tokn didn, can phai luu y nhiing diem sau: Mot la, phai n h k n thiic diing dkn vk day du quan diem v l phat trien giao due va dko tao n h u tinh t h a n Nghi quyd't Dai hdi lan thii XI eua Dang, quan triet sku sac vk thue hien nghidm tiic, ed bieu qua khku dot pha chidn lupc ve linh vue GDDT, tiic la phai ddi mdi can ban vk toan didn giao due, dko tao Khdng ndn dd'i mdi theo kieu "tam bp", thidu tinh thuyet phue, thidu dp b i n viing, t h a m dinh nhiing ndi dung, ydu cau dd'i mdi khdng ddn noi ddn chdn, vdi vkng cdng bd, khuydeh truong n h u la mdt sang kidn ed gia tri ddn qua thue tidn kiem chiing mdi thky nhiing khidin khuyet cai gpi la "sang kidn ddi mdi" ay, thi da rk't hao edng td'n cua dd sua sai, khac phue, mat Ibng tin eua n h a n dan Mat khac, dd'i mdi toan dien, khdng cd nghia la xda bd sach tron, ma phai xem xet d gde nhin tdng the, h giac dp cu the mpt each het siie chi tiet nham giii lai nhiing npi dung cbn phii hpp vdi hien tai, nghien ciru chat che de sua ddi, bd sung chinh ly nhiing ndi dung da loi thbi, tuyet nhien khong dugc "nham mat" ddi mdi mpt each tien, neu khdng se gay he qua tai hai khd lubng Hai Id, van d l GDDT lau dugc xem la qudc sach h a n g dau, y tudng rk't dung, nhung de bie'n y tudng dd t h k n h hidn thuc cdng dong thi cbn nhieu mat h a n chd', khuyet diem Tir cdng tac quan ly nha nubc, tao ngudn nhkn luc (quan 15^, giang day), dau t u kinh phi ddn xky dung tang co sd chua tuong xiing vdi yeu cau cua mdt qudc sach Vide xa hpi hda linh vue GDDT mdi d dang cbn "chap chiing", chua phat huy dupc siic manh tdng hgp eua ca cdng ddng, tinh trang "thuong mai hda" chua dupc khac phue triet dd, dang gky hue xiic kha gay gat nhkn dkn Do dd, can ed chuong trinh hknh ddng eu the de vk'n d l GDDT that su trd t h k n h qud'c sach hang dau vdi tam nhin chidn lupc, dki b a n bang eac budc di thich hpp Ba Id, ngubi tki gidi d dat nude ta khdng thid'u, song quy t u lai dd phat huy cai vd'n quy gia ay, dubng n h u ta chua cd mdt CO ehd chinh sach du sue thu hiit ngubi tki Do vky d t a m vl md can phai nghidn ciiu sdm ban hanh mdt sach luge cd tinh kha thi, dii sue thuyet phue ngubi tai gidi cdng hien tai nang cua minh vi nen giao due qud'c dan, day ciing la each dau t u dai ban cho tuong lai, neu khdng thi tinh trang "chay mau chat xam" se khd ma khac phue Rd rang la trudc mat chiing ta cbn nhieu viec phai lam cho linh vue GDDT Chkc chan nhiing khd khan, thach thuc ciia thbi ky hdi nhap sau vao nen kinh td the gidi cung vdi nhiing tiem an khd lubng cua vide bie'n ddi hau toan cau, tinh binh dich benh va ben canh dd la su chdng pha quyet liet cua cac the luc thu dich bang am muu "diin bien hba binh" cang tinh vi, tham ddc se tac ddng khdng nhd vao qua trinh tidp tuc cai each nang cao chat lupng va hidu qua eua n i n GDDT nude ta Nhung nhiing gi ma chiing ta da cd dupe thbi gian qua cimg vdi su doan ket, no luc khdng met mdi eua toan Dang, toan dan ta eiing dii de chiing ta khang dinh va tin tudng rang, su nghiep GDDT cua nubc nha se ed nhilu khdi sac hon dudi anh sang dkn dirong cua t u tudng Hd Chi Minh vl dai./ (1) Ho Chi Minh: Todn tap, Nxb CTQG, H, 1995, t.l, tr.l54 (2) Sdd, H,1996, t.lO, tr.l90 (3) Sdd,t.l2,tr.403 (4) (5) (6) DCSVN: Vdn kien Dai hdi dai bieu todn qudc lan thii XI, Nxb CTQG, H, 2011, tr.77, tr.l53, tr 167-168 TUYCN GI A O SO 10 - 2011 67 ... dinh cao cua khoa hpc vk ky thuat Giao due la su nghiep ciia quan chung Can phai phat buy day du dan chu xk hdi chii nghia, xky dung quan he that tdt, dokn ket that chat che giiia thay va thay,... la, phai n h k n thiic diing dkn vk day du quan diem v l phat trien giao due va dko tao n h u tinh t h a n Nghi quyd''t Dai hdi lan thii XI eua Dang, quan triet sku sac vk thue hien nghidm tiic,... h hidn thuc cdng dong thi cbn nhieu mat h a n chd'', khuyet diem Tir cdng tac quan ly nha nubc, tao ngudn nhkn luc (quan 15^, giang day), dau t u kinh phi ddn xky dung tang co sd chua tuong xiing