HUONG DAN QUAN LI su DUNG SU DUNG P H A N M E M DAY HOC N H A M TICH CUC HOA QUA TRINH NHAN THl>C CUA HOC SINH DU B| D A N TOC Chu Hong Thdng Tru&ng Du bi Dgi hgc Ddn tgc Sdm San a Trudng dy bj dai hg[.]
HUONG DAN QUAN LI su DUNG SU DUNG P H A N M E M DAY HOC N H A M TICH CUC HOA QUA TRINH NHAN THl>C CUA HOC SINH DU B| D A N TOC H e thdng gido dye qudc dan d nudc ta cd mgt logi hinh Trudng dy bi dai hgc ddn tgc thuge hg thdng cac trudng dgi hgc Nhiem vy ciia trudng Id bd tiic ndng cao trinh vdn hod cho hgc sinh ddn tgc thieu sd da tdt nghigp THPT, trung hgc bd tuc THCN, frung hgc nghd, thi trugt dgi hgc vdo hgc de tao ngudn dao tao can bd trinh dai hgc, cao dang phuc vu ydu cau phdt trien kinh td - xa hdi cho mien niii Viec nang cao chat Iugng hgc tap ciia hgc sinh dan tgc thieu sd la trach nhiem ciia todn nganh ndi chung va cua cac Trudng dg bj dai hgc ddn tdc ndi rieng Ngdy ca ly lugn lan thyc tidn da chiing mmh, phuang phap su dyng PMDH qud trinh day hgc PMDH theo hudng tich cyc hod hoat dgng hgc tap ciia hgc sinh se lam cho qud trinh day hgc dat hieu qua cao Phuang phdp sir dung PMDH theo hudng tich cue hod qua trinh nhan thiic cua hgc sinh bat ddu tir viec lua chgn diing ddn PMDH va sau la phuang phap, ky thudt khai thac chiing Lua chgn PMDH sir dyng vdo qua trinh day hoc cac mon khoa hgc tir nhien & Tru-dng dy bi dai hoc ddn tgc Cac mdn khoa hgc tu nhien Chu Hong Thdng Tru&ng Du bi Dgi hgc Ddn tgc Sdm San a Trudng dy bj dai hgc ddn ki^n thiic; loai bdi luyen tap, tgc Id nhiing mdn khoa hgc ren luyen ky nang hay loai bdi thyc nghigm Mgi kien thirc kiem tra Ndu Id logi bai hinh deu dugc xay dung tir vigc thdnh tri thirc mdi vdi cdc tdng hgp kidn thire ciia nam mdn khoa hgc tu nhien, ndn trung hgc phd thdng Nhigm lya chgn PMDH la nhung thi vy ciia giao vien Id ciing cd nghigm ao md phdng qud trinh Iai he thong kidn thirc THPT hidn tugng hoac md phdng cdc cho hgc sinh du bi dai hgc ddn thi nghiem that Neu la logi bai tdc d mgi giai doan cua qua ciing cd, dn tap thi nen chgn trinh nhdn thiic cdc hinh anh PMDH theo mdt chu dd true quan - cam tinh ludn ludn Can cir vdo dac didm ddi Id mdt nhung ydu td hgp tugng hgc sinh, ciing mdt sd thdnh phai cd tu De thuc ngi dung dn tap, co the chgn hien nhiem vy tren, ngudi nhieu PMDH khac gido vien qua trinh day Ngoai can cii vao myc dich ly hgc phai nhd den phuang tidn luan day hgc cua bai hgc, giao day hgc,frongdo cd PMDH vien can can cir vao dgc diem PMDH hien rat phong ddi tugng hgc sinh lien quan phii ve ndi dung vd hinh thirc den mdi trudng sdng cua cac the hien Mdi mdt phan mem em d8 lua chgn PMDH Do deu cd nhirng mat manh va dac thil hgc sinh du bi dai hgc mat ban che nhdt dinh vd nd la em ddng bao cdc dan dugc thiet ke nham vao mdt tdc thieu sd Trong hgc tap, ndi dung day hgc nhat dinh nhidu hgc sinh khdng biet lat vdi y dd su pham cua tdc gid di lat Iai van de, phat hien thac Vi the, ngudi gido vidn phdi mac, suy nghi thieu sdu sac cd su lya chgn dd cd dugc ve vdn de hgc tap Nhieu em PMDH thich hgp vdi y dd su khdng hieu bdi nhung khdng pham ciia minh Ddi vdi viec biet minb khdng hidu chd dgy hgc cdc mdn hgc khoa hgc nao Cdc em cd thdi quen suy tu nhien, lua chgn PMDH nghT mgt chieu, de thira nhdn cdn phdi xuat phdt tir cdc cdn dieu ngudi khac ndi Khi neu eti sau: ket Iudn hay hien tugng, hgc Can cii vdo myc dich Iy sinh ddn tdc it di sdu tim hidu lugn dgy hgc va ndi dung cua nguydn nhdn, y nghTa hodc bdi hgc Gido vien can xac nhiing dien bien va hgu qua dinh day Id loai bai hgc gi? ciia su vide, hidn tugng Loai bdi hinh thdnh tri thiic Vi vdy giao vidn ndn chgn cac mdi; loai bai dn tap, cimg cd PMDH phii hgp vdi ddi tugng, i^gdy nhdn bdi 16/10/2012: Ngdy duy^l ddng 25/10/2012 TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DgC - SO 87 - l l / Z O i a HUONG DAN QUAN LI s u DUNG to chirc cdc phuang phdp hgc tap da dgng phong phii nhdm phdt fridn cdc ddc diem tam ty tich cyc ciia hgc sinh Cdn cir vdo dieu kign ca sd vgt chat, thiet bi ky thu§t ciia nhd trudng Neu nhd trudng dii cac phdng hoc bg mdn, phdng hgc chirc ndng vdi ciic thiet b; dil cho vigc sii dyng PMDH thi lya chgn PMDH dugc rgng hon cd the ket ndi vdi mdy tinh vd may chidu Projector, frong tiet hgc cd the sir dyng nhidu PMDH khac dd bd trg cho Phuong phdp sir dyng vd khai thdc phan mem Nhirng ddc diem chung ciia phucmg phdp sir dung PMDH dgy hgc cdc mdn khoa hgc tu nhien Iheo hudng lich cue hod qud trinh nhdn thuc cua hgc sinh & tru&ng du bi dgi hgc ddn tgc: Cdc mdn khoa hgc tu nhien d trudng dg hi dai hgc ddn tdc gdm: Todn, Vat Iy, Hod hgc, Sinh hgc Tin hgc Ddc diem chung ciia cdc mdn hgc ndy Id kien thirc dugc tdng hgp tii nam trung hgc phd thdng vd dugc hinh d hgc sinh tir vigc cung cd Igi he thdng kien thiic da hgc Bdi vdy qua trinh dgy hgc cdc mdn khoa hgc tg nhidn, phuang tidn day hgc dd cd PMDH ddng vai trd het siic quan trgng PMDH hidn rat da dang, phong phii vd ngi dung vd hinh thirc the hign Do vd nguyen tdc khdng thd cd phuang phdp sir dyng chung dp dyng cho mgi PMDH cy thd Tuy nhien ciing cd the 42 dua quy trinh chung nhat Ccin tudn thii m5i gido vidn su dyng phan mim qud trinh dgy hgc Dudi day Id mgt sd diem can luu y sii dyng PMDH Moi PMDH dugc xdy dyng de phye vy cho vigc dgy hgc theo mgt bdi ndo dd, thgm chf mgt don vi kien thiic ndo dd ciia bdi d mOt mdn hgc nhat dinh Do dd, PMDH cd v] tri nhdt djnh tien trinh dgy hgc mgt bdi Gido vidn phdi xdc dinh dugc vj tri vd phuang phap su dyng PMDH tiet hgc chudn bj bai ldn Idp Moi PMDH cd nhiing ddc diem va tinh ndng vd khd ndng dgy hgc ridng Do dd qua trinh dgy hgc, giao vien phai tinh ddn sg phdi hgp giiia PMDH vdi cac phuang tidn day hgc khde De ndng cao chat lugng, hidu qua dgy hgc, ciing nhu cdc phuang tign dgy hgc khde, PMDH phai dugc sii dyng theo hudng tich cyc hod qua trinh nhgn thirc cua hgc sinh Su dyng PMDH cho giiip hgc sinh, vdi tu cdch la chu thd nhgn thirc tiep cgn dugc ban chat ciia cdc ddi tugng nhdn thirc Bdng chinh sy tuang tdc ciia bdn thdn vdi PMDH, hgc sinh tim dugc cac mdi quan hg mang tinh quy ludt, tinh chdt va bdn chat ciia ddi tugng nghidn ciiu Ndi cdch khde, higu qud sir dyng PMDH bidu hign d miic dg tich cyc hod hogt dgng nhgn thiic ciia hgc sinh qua PMDH frong gid hgc Sii dyng PMDH day hgc cdc mdn khoa hgc tg nhien • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 87 -11/2012 theo hudng tich cyc hod hogt dgng nhgn thiic ciia hgc sinh, thge chat Id td chiic qua trinh nhgn thirc cho hgc sinh vdi tu cdch Id chii the hogt dgng qud frinh hgc tap thdng qua vigc sir dyng PMDH Net d^c trung ciia phuang phdp dgy hgc ndy hogt dgng cua gido vien tren ldp ddng vai trd chil dgo, djnh hudng vd la ngudi to chuc, dieu khidn hogt dgng nhgn thiic cua hgc sinh Gido vidn dg kien nhtmg frd ngai ciia hgc sinh cd the gap qua trinh nhdn thuc, xac lap nhiing bign phdp can thiet dd giup dd, hudng ddn hgc sinh, hgc khdng the vugt qua dugc Phuang phdp sU dung PMDH di hinh thdnh Iri thuc mdi: De hinh thdnh fri thuc mdi cho hgc sinh, can lya chgn PMDH Id nhiing thi nghigm va sir dyng chiing vdi tu each id mgt phuong tien day hgc dan chiec PMDH la nhirng thi nghigm do, cd thi nghigm de giao vidn trinh didn, cd thi nghigm de hgc sinh tg ldm (thao tac fren mdy vi tinh) vdi tu cdch la nhung thi nghigm nghidn ciiu Nhung PMDH la thi nghidm mang tinh chat nghien ciiu dugc tidn hanh theo quy trinh nghidn ciiu khoa hgc, bdt ddu la qud trinh tim tdi, thu thdp thdng tin cua hgc sinh, tiep den la xii Iy thdng tin thu thdp dugc, tii dd di den nhiing kdt lu§n, hinh thdnh tri thiic mdi Khi hgc sinh ldm thf nghidm, hg se ddng vai frd la mgt nhd nghien ciiu, tich cgc suy nghT HUONG DAN QUAN LI s y DUNG mdt cdch dOc lap, tim kidm dudng each thiic dd chidm ITnh fri thiic khoa hgc mdi Dil la gido vidn trinh didn hay hudng dan hgc sinh tu lam cdc thi nghiem theo hudng tich cyc hod qua trinh nhdn thirc ciia hgc sinh thi ngudi gido vien phdi thyc hidn cdng vide sau: Thii nhdt: Phai xac dinh dugc vi tri cua thi nghigm tien frinh bdi hgc, tinh hudng xuat hign thi nghiem khudn khd phuang phdp day hgc md giao vien lya chgn sir dyng Thii hai: Xdy dyng he thdng cau hdi vdi tu each Id nhung lenh dieu khidn boat dgng nhdn thiic cua hgc sinh Cd ba loai cau hdi chinh, la: Cau hdi dinh hudng hgc sinh quan sat; cdu hdi dinh hudng hgc sinh tu duy, phdt hien, phdn dodn qua hinh thirc thao Iudn nhdm; cau hdi dinh hudng hgc sinh xii Iy thdng tin, tdng ket, nit ket ludn thidt bj; bdi dudng huan luyen ciia hgc sinh qud trinh giao vien ve phuang phdp, ky dgy hgc, Tai lieu bdi dudng thudt sii dung PMDH vd cdc thudng xuydn chu ky 1993 phuong tign ky thuat dgy hgc 1996 cho giao vidn THPT, Vu khac; ddi mdi cdng tdc quan ly CO sd vat chdt, thidt bi ky thudt Giao vidn, Bd GD&DT(I995) Dd mgnh Cudng Thiit hign cd Can dua van dd sang tgo, su dyng phuang tign dgy ke dgy hgc theo hu&ng tich hgc ngi dung sinh hogt cue vd tuang tdc moi chuyen mdn thudng xuyen ciia tru&ng lap hgc cd su hd trg cdc td chuydn mdn va phdi cd cua mdy vi linh, Ludn an Tien chinh sdch dgng vidn khuySn ST Giao dye hgc, Vien KHGD khi'ch thoa ddng ddi vdi giao (2008) vien Idm tdt Dang Thanh Hung Ket luan Xuat phdt tir quan diem Dgy hgc hien dgi - ly lugn, khdng cd phuang phap sii bien phdp ky thudt, Nxb Dai dung chung cho mgi PMDH hgc Qudc gia Ha Ngi, Ha Ngi mgi tinh hudng day hgc (2001) ndn chiing tdi chgn phuang Thdi Duy Tuyen hudng tich cyc hod qua trinh Phuang phdp dgy hgc truyen nhgn thiic cua hoc sinh Iam tu thong vd doi m&i, Nxb Giao tudng chi dao viec xay dung phuong phdp sii dung PMDH dye, Hd Ngi (2008) day hgc cac mdn khoa Summary hgc tu nhien d Tnrdng du bi dai hgc dan tdc PMDH la Using the teaching software mdt logi phuang tidn dgy hgc m the positive direction the cd rdt nhidu uu thd so vdi cac behavior process of students Thii ba: Sir dyng phdi hgp phuang tien day hgc khac starts the selecting the right PMDH vdi cdc phuang tien vd cd the sii dung d mgi tinh teaching software, then the hudng day hgc Du sir dung day hgc khde cdn thidt methods and techniques to Diiu kiin ddm bdo sd dung PMDH d loai bai hgc nao thi develop them Despite using PMDHcd hiiu qud theo hudng ngudi giao vidn cung phdi bdt phdt huy tinh tich cue nhdn dau tir su lua chgn PMDH the teaching software for any thuc cua hgc sinh & tru&ng Vide Iga chgn PMDH phdi lessons, the teacher should teaching du bi dgi hgc ddn tgc De sii can cii vdo myc dich, ngi dung start selecting dyng PMDH theo hudng tich ciia tiing bdi hgc cu thd, can software The selection of cir vdo cdc yeu cdu su pham cy hda qud trinh nhdn thiic teaching software must be ciia hgc sinh thi phai ddm ddi vdi mdt PMDH vd cdn cii based on the aim and content vao tinh ndng uu vidt cua mdi bao cdc didu kidn: Phai cd ca of each specific lesson, based sd vdt chdt, thidt bi tdi thigu PMDH on pedagogical requirements can thiSt; xay dung hg thdng for teaching software and the PMDH cdc mdn hgc phii hgp Tdi Heu tham khdo superiority, of each teaching vdi chuang trinh hign hdnh Nguyen Nggc Bdo, va tirong thich vdi he thdng Phdt trien tich cue, tinh tu luc software TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 87 - 1 / 2 ... hgc sinh Cd ba loai cau hdi chinh, la: Cau hdi dinh hudng hgc sinh quan sat; cdu hdi dinh hudng hgc sinh tu duy, phdt hien, phdn dodn qua hinh thirc thao Iudn nhdm; cau hdi dinh hudng hgc sinh. .. dgng nhgn thiic cua hgc sinh Gido vidn dg kien nhtmg frd ngai ciia hgc sinh cd the gap qua trinh nhdn thuc, xac lap nhiing bign phdp can thiet dd giup dd, hudng ddn hgc sinh, hgc khdng the vugt... cua hgc sinh Su dyng PMDH cho giiip hgc sinh, vdi tu cdch la chu thd nhgn thirc tiep cgn dugc ban chat ciia cdc ddi tugng nhdn thirc Bdng chinh sy tuang tdc ciia bdn thdn vdi PMDH, hgc sinh tim