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TiCH m GIAO DUC Kl NANG SONG CHO HOC SINH DAN TDCMIEN NUI TiNH NGHE AN TRUNG OAY HOC MON NGlTVAN TRONG HOC CO Sfl ThS LA THj THANH HUYEN* l Giao dgc (GD) hien nay dang chuyen hjrGD tinh hoa sang GD da[.]
TiCH m GIAO DUC Kl NANG SONG CHO HOC SINH DAN TDCMIEN NUI TiNH NGHE AN TRUNG OAY HOC MON NGlTVAN TRONG HOC CO Sfl ThS l.Giao dgc (GD) hien dang chuyen hjrGD tinh hoa sang GD dai chung,tiJ*chicung cap tri ttiuc littiuyetsang chufrpng ren luyen kTnang (KN), hinh ttianh pha'm chat, pliat frien n i n g luc eua ngudi hpc Trong cdng cupc dd'i mdi can ban va toan dien, G D Vidt Nam dang hn&ng tdi nhung nguyen tae ehung eua GD the' ki XXI la hgc dehgc each hgc, hgc de lam, hgc de chung sd'ng, hgc dekhing dinh minh Chuong frinh, ndi dung va phuung phap day hgc (DH) d tn/dng phottidng hien nay, ddcd mdn Ngu van (NV) dang hudng tdi viec tich hgp giao dgc kTnangsd'ng (GDKNS) cho ngudi hpc Dd'i vdi hpe sinh d i n tpc mien nui (HSDTMN), dieu lai cangquanfrgng,edtae dgng thflc day suphat trie'n GD ndi rieng va KT-XH ndi chung d nhflng "vung trung"ve nhleu phuong dien KT n i n g song (KNS) dugc hieu la kha nang van dgng nhflng kien ttifle, la each flng xu cua ca nhan frong cudc song Dd la nhung kha n i n g tam li xa hdi euamdicinhantiiehienfronghanhvittiich flng hay tiiich nghi tich cue de giup hp ung xumdt each hieu qua tiudc nhu cau, ddi hdi va ttiach thflc eua cupc song tiiudng ngay; la n i n g lyc cua eon ngfldi da trai nghimri, tieh luy, ren kiyen de ton tai va phattrien tiidng qua vd'n sd'ng de ttiich ung vdi suttiay dd'i cua x i hpi, deton tai vaphat trien ttieo chuan muc chung cua xa hpi.Thdngt/sd'04/2014/rT-BGDDT 28/2/2014 cua Bd GD-DT xac djnh: KNS la nhflng ttidi quen, hanh vi, tiiii dp tich cgc, lanh manh frong vlee flng xfl cac tinh hud'ng eua cudc sdng ea n h i n va ttiam gia ddi sd'ng xihdi^quadd hoin til ien n h i n each va djnh hudng phattrie'n ban ttian tot hon dfla tren nen tang cac gia trj sd'ng KNS bao gom nhung KN eg ban nhu KN nhan thfle, KN giao tiep, KN giai quyet vi'n de, KN xac djnh gia frj, KN quye't djnh, _ Hiennay.sflgiatingkhoangcachgiaungheoda d i n tdi mgt bat cap l i eg hpi hudng ttig quyen dugc GD dang cdsg'chenh lech giua cae vung mien, dja ban, khu vyc dan eu Vivay, trinh do, chat lugng GD eua HSDTMN chua ttie tiieo kjp vdi thi, ndng 22 Tap chi Gido due so 364 LA THj THANH HUYEN* tiidn p h i t h i e n K ^ ttieo dd lanhflng tip quan,phong tyccua dan tdc da l i m han che suphat frien veGD Cho nen, dd'i vdi viec GDKNS cho HSDTMN, eung can phai cd sflgidi han ve m ue dd, tinh chat, de hoat dgng GD trd tiianh huu ieh vdi cae em cupc sd'ng hang ngay.Dd cung la kinh nghiem ttiyc tiln cua chiing tdi qua hon mudi n i m DH mon A/l'dtrudng tmng hpc eg sd (THCS) eho HSDTMN huyen Ky Son, Nghe An GD KNS cho HSDTMN qua DH mdn A/1/lahoat dpng GD tich hop nham hinh tiianh, phatfriai cac KNS phu hgp v a i^eu kien eutiiecua dcHh/gng, phathioi d hgc sinh (HS) each song tich cue xa hdi hien dai, fren CO sd bam sat d i e tn/ng cua mdn hgc Nhung nguyen tae eg ban cua hoat dpng GDKNS (va hoat dpng GD ngoaigid chinh khda) la phai g ^ phan cung CO, n i n g cao kien ttiuc, KN G D nhan each cho ngucri hpc; cd ndi dung phu hgp vdi d i e diem t i m , sinh li ngudi hgc, phfl hgp vdi tiiuan phong mTtiJC VietNam; n h i to/dng chju tiich nhiem ve eae ndi dung GD, chat luc^g GDKNS va GD ngoii gid chinh khda; khdng vl pham quy djnh ve day them, hgc ttiem va HS tham gia tren tinh than ti/nguyen Nhuvay, KNS cua HSDTMN can phai dugc lua chpn, van dyng mot each linh boat, s i n g tao vao DH mdn NV, khdng tao nen sugdep khien cudng, bien gidhgc WVttianh mot gidfrjyen fruyen khd eung Ngidung, hinh ttiflc va phflong p h ^ GDKNS eho HSDTMN qua mdn / V l / d tn/dng THCS can phai dugc van dgng mdt each linh hoat, s£uig tao, cu ttie, phu hgp dd'i hJcRig Tfl tiiflc tiln nhieu nam DH mdn NVcho HSDTMN dhuyen KySon (Nghe An), Chung tdi dexuatmgt sd'y kien venoidung, hinh thiic va phuong phap GDKNS cho HSDTMN 2.1 Khaithac nhung noi dung mon NViien quan den GDKNS cho HSDTMN: • Trong DH tieng Viet, vdi viee ren luyen cac KN nghe, ndi, dgc, viet tieng Viet eho HS tiidng qua cac * NCS Khoa HgiT van, Trutfnf! 6ai hqc sir pham Ha Noi ngfl lieu chung va nguBeu gin vdi cudc song cua cac dugc nhflngttidngtincua qua khfl, hien tai, h/ong lai em, GDKNS se dugc phit frien ttidng qua viec su cua dan tgc va nhin toai, lam ting von hieu biet ttie dung tieng Viet lam phugng tien giao tiep, hgc tip gidi cua cac em, bosung vahoan ttiien nhflng KNS frong cuocsong hien tai Day veh/vung, ngu phap, frong xahgi hien dai phong each ngon ngflva cac bien phapfrJhJf, hay - Tich hap GDKNS a cac mon hpc khac, phoi hoat dpng giaoti^D, chinh la day cho cac em nhflng hgp giua mdn/Vfva cae mdn hoc khac languyen tic KNgiaotieptie'ngyift.Giaovien(GV) fmh hoat frong frong eau tao chuongfrinh,nhim tich hap nhflng KN hJngbaihgcegttiedexacdinhrdKNSc^tii'ietvacd toan dien cho HS KN tinh toan, KN ve nhung dieu ttie'tieh hgpfrongeic bai hgc DH bai 18 l g c ngflve kiat cua xa hgi, KN cdng nghe ttiong tin, KN giao tiiien nhien va lao ddng san xua'r va bai 19 Tuc ngfl tiep, dugc pha hgp ttiwig nhat hai hdafrongsflphat ve ngudi vixahdr(NV7, tip 2) liGD vehanhvi, frien nang luc toan dien eua HSDTMN Chui'n KN ttiffl dp ndi ningfrongcudc song eua eon ngudi; day eua HSDTMN khong tiielichuan chung eua HSca cac bii chfla ldi ve tfl, ve ciu, la G D ve giaotiep,ve nudc ma phai la chuan so vdi die'm xuat phat,frinhdp viec Sfl dyng ngdn ngfl chuan muc, ttiam mT, dung hien cdcua HSDTMN phong each ndi, viettie'ngViet - GDKNS qua chu de tu chgn cua mdn NV la 'DHdgc-hieutmng mdn A/i^dfrudngTHCS hinh tiiuc DH phat huy hieu (jua cao nhattrong viec cung la mdt ttie manh de eung ci'p, md rgng, boi hinh tiiinh, bosung, phat hien KNS eua HSDTMN dudng va phat trie'n KNS eho HSDTMN Bai Mdt bai giang h; chpn lien quan de'n phongfric,tap Tuyen bd'thegidivesusong cdn,quyin bao veva quan cua dan tdc mien nui, mdtbai hpc lien quan den phit trie'n cua tre em" (NV9,tap 1)GDnh^nttlflcve dm kien h/nhien hoac dieu kien kinh teeuamdtlang, vai trd, gia trj va quyen han cua tre em; bai 20 "Chuan mdtbansecdtac dgng khicsau, phattrie'n nhflng tri bjhanh trang vao the kimdi"(NV9, tap 2) GDKNS ttiflc, KN, tinh cam lien quan den nang lilc cua HS ve vai trd v i gia trj quyet djnh cua ngfldi dd'i vdi - GDKNS qua hoat ddng GD ngoai gid chinh xa hdi va dat nfldc, danh gia die'm m anh va die'm yeu khoanhkn dap ung nhu cau ngudi hpc khdng ttiudc cua eon ngfldi Viet Nam eude sd'ng hien ehuongfrinh,kehoach GD cac eg quan cdttii'm va lien he vdi ban thin Vdi nhieu bai hpc khac, muc quyen da phe duyet Day la nhflng hoat ddng mang dieh la dIcac em h/ riang cao nhin thflc qua tflng tinh chat taptilecao,cdynghTa xahgi sau sac, decao kien ttiflc, ndi dung gin vdi trinh dd, dieu kien sd'ng vaifrdchutiie,tinh sang tao, kha nangttiamgia hoat cua HSDTMN ddng xahgi, hoatddngtaptii^'motcach chudpng eua - TnDng DH Tap lam van, DH eae vin ban nghj HS Nhflng hoatdgng nhusuu tam,bieu diin cac lan luan la deGD KN giaotiepxahpi, vditi/cachmpt ttianh dieu dan ea,ttidea cua dan tdc se hinhttianhy tiiflc vienfrongtapttie(l6p,dpittiieunien,doanttianhnien), tie'p ttiu nhung tinh hoa van hda toiyen thd'ng cua frong cpng dong (tiong ttidn ban, xi, ) Vi du, da vdi HSDTMN "TJghj luan ve mpt suviec, hientiigngfrongddi song" - GDKNS qua hoatdgng pha hep gOM nha tn/dng (bai 19, N V9, tip 2), HS can biet dugc nhflng suvipe, - gia dinh - xa Tinh chat sau ben frong nhflng hien h/gng nao tieng ddi swig cdttie hinh bay y kien, phongtiJC,tap quan cua cae dan tde mien nui da khing quan niem,suynghtcua minh vevan deddvaien bed djnh vaifrdcua gia dinh, lang ban doivdi nhung KNS ban, lang.dan^cua em venhung suviec ti/gng eua HSDTMN Vi vay, de hinh tfiaih, boi dudng, ti/ Lim ttienao de khac sau kienttiue,tao nen suhieu phatfriennhflng KNS, can phai ed sfl phoi hgp gifla biet mdi ttong ddf song van hge, khcri ggi su fr/ duy, nhafrfldng,gia dinh va x i hdi de nhflng KN phat sang taoeuaHS von bdhep suhieu biettiongddl song frien dugc ben vflng Nhflng tri ttiflc va KN su dgng euattidnban, tieng Viet dugc GD tieng nha trudng se bi mai mdt 2J GDKNS cachinh thuc DHmdn NV: dan neu dpia dinh, sinh hoattrong lang ban, HS chi - GDKNS DH chinh khoa mdn NV\a hinh giaotiepbangtiengdin tpc 2.3 Phat huy hieu qua cac phucmg phap ttiflc quan frgng nhat, ttie hien tinh chuan mgc va tiiong nhaitfrongviec khaittiacnhflng giifrjGD eua GDKNS DH mon NV: van hge dephathien KNS cho HS Nhflng tfl fr/dng, - Phuongphap so sanh, ddichieu va van dung tinh cam, giafrjve ndi dung va nghetiiuatfrongcac thuctiSn.So sanh, dd'i chieu la mdt phuong phap van ban dgc - hieu se lam cho HSDTMN tiep nhan hflu hieu de phat trien nhung KN chui'n muc cho Tap chi Gido due so 364 fki 2-8/2015) 23 HSDTMN Dac die'm fr/ cy ttie, tn/c tie'p se lam cho HS ed nhung fri thflc, tinh cam, thdi quen mdi frong Sfl dd'i sanh vdi nhung tri thfle, KN da ed cua cac em -Phucmg phap lam vieeffieonhom vahoatdgng ( ^ tfieV&dChoi, dmg vai )\mr\g DH mdn NV eho HSDTMN khdng nhflng da dang hda hinh tiiflc DH detang sfl hflng tiiu ti^ nhan eua HS macdn cdtac dgng ren luyen KN hoat dpng t i p ttie cho cac em Von ban tinh nhflt nhat, ait re, e ngai, vlee tao nen nhung sinh hoat tap ttie, hoat ddng tiieo nhdm se t i n g cudng, phathien KN ndi, KN giao tie'p, KN hoat dgng, KN hgp tac cho HSDTMN - Phuongphap ea ffiehda (tim hieu cupc song gia dinh, tim hieu uu (Se'm va nhuge diem rieng, giup dd rieng, dpng vien tinh tiian, ) laphuong phap phu hgp vditinh cablet hda v i e i tiie hda rat rddHSDTMN.Vi vay, de'GDKNS frong DH mon NV, phai tim hieu, dac tatiiatkltiJmg nhdm HS,hjmgHS debiet dugc nhung uu die'm, nhuge diem eung nhu mdi tn/dng SOTigeuaeaeem.Trong cuocsong, HS sddung tie'ng Viet han che se anh hudng de'n ket qua hpe tap eua cac em Dieu kign kinh te, phong hJC t i p quan cua HS khong dong deu nhu Tinh frang ngoi nham Icp, hgc xong tieu hgcmachua biet chflViet (hoic tai mu ehi^ la mdt hien ti/gng khdng phai ca biet HSDTMN "Cam tay chi viec" ia mgt phuang phap GD, phugng phap DH de' ren luyen KNS cho HSDTMN hieu qua va kha ttii Cac dieu kien dam bao cho viec tich hgp GDKNS cho HSDTMN qua DH m d n NV Boi moi nhan tiiuc, quan niem eua GVva tang eudng quan ti hoatdgng cua nha tn/dng GDKNS cho HSDTMN phai la frach nhiem cua nha frudng, ciJaGV,nhan vien va cac dd'i fr/gng lien quan Cdche tai cg tiie ve trach nhidm cua t i p ttie, ea n h i n , hoat dpng quan li eua ban giam hieu,sulinh hoatcuatd'bg mdn, tinh sang tao cua GV mdn / V f frong viec van dung ngidung DH detich hc^ GDKNS Chuyd&) xu hudng tien hg, phat tiien khikiem tia, danh gU KNS cho HSDTMN Vi trinh phat trien cua HSDTMN cdn ed nhflng han che nen tieu chi danh gia ve chui'n KNS eua HSDTMN cung phai dugc catiie hda, khdng dong nhatvdltieu chi chung cua HS d noi khac Khoang each so vdi diem xuat phat, toe phat trie'n va tinh ben vflng cua nhflng tri ttiue, ttidi quen, tinh cam dugc G D frong nha trudng can dugc xem la nhflng yeu to'eg ban dedanh gia chui'n KNS cho HSDTMN Trinh dgc, viet tid'ng 24 Tap chi Gido due so 364 Viet, KN frinh bay mptvan ban nhitdgng, nhflng kien ttiuc vevan hpe ndi chung, can phai dflgc cg ttiehda debam sat doi fr/gng HSDTMN Dam bao cae dieu kien de tiiuc hien tdt hoatdgng GDKNS Ngoai viec dam baotaichinh, luong bdng, can nang cao frinh chuyen mdn, t i n g cudng co sdvat chat, phugng tien DHva cosu ung hp cua phy huynh, cua cac ea^ chinh quyen va x i hdi Nhung phuong tien tmyen ttidng, sach bao, tap chi, tai lipu phgc vg cho DH la nhflng yeu to de nang cao chait lugng tich hgp GDKNS qua mdn NV, Xay dung mdi ti-udng sd'ng than thien, tich cue tiong viee GDKNS Xa hgi hda la mdt phuong cham khdng chi GD ndi ehung ma cdn cd tac dung rat Idn GDKNS Mgt dja ban khdng ed thdi quen pha rflng, khong cd nghien hut, khdng edte nan tao hdn, khdng cdn nhflng t i p quan lac hgu, se la moi trudng tot eho viec GDKNS eho HSDTMN Dieu dd dugc thehien, tich hgp ttidng qua cae v i n ban dgc - hieu, eae van ban nhat dung, cac ehu detuehgn, hoatdgng ngoai gid chinh khoa eua mdn NV DH mdn NVcho HSDTMN can tiiuc hien tot eae mgc dieh, nhiem vg lien quan den tinh chat, dac tn/ng cua bd mdn Tach rdi viec GDKNS DH mdn A/l/se khdng phathuy dugc uu ttie, vaitrd cua GD phat trie'n KT-XH hien Tuy nhien, viec tieh h ^ dd phai dugc thuc hien mdt each sang tao, phu hgp mdi tn/dng, dd'i tugng eg tiie dephat huy hieu qua, khdng "giao li, ttidi s u hda" mdn NV,eung khdng gUdng ep viec nhoi nhet nhflng bai hgc khd khan, khdng tac ddng dugc nhan thflc, tinh cam, ttidi quen cua HS.Dieu dd khdng chiphu thupc vao n i n g luc, nhan ttiflc, traeh nhiem cua GV mdn AfV'ma cdn lien quan tdi viec doi mdi chuong trinh, sach giao khoa, tai lieu ttiam khao cung nhu viec quan li, dieu hanh cija eg quan quan liGD cac cap Nganh GD can dua ngi dung GDKNS vao ehugng trinh boi dudng, dao tao G V; phd'bien kinh nghiem tieh hgp GDKNS; da dang hda tai lieu cho GD vung sau, vung dan tde ttiieu so; tang cudng cdng tac quan li GDKNS, tranh hinh thflc, chieu le, chay frieo benh tich • Tai lieu tham khao B6 GD-DT Thdng tusd 04/2014/TT-BGDDT ngdy 28/2/2014 vi vi0c ban hdnh Quy dinh qudn li hogt ddng gido due kl ndng sdng vd hogt d^ng gido d^ic ngodi gidr chlnh khda (Xem tiep trang 27} (ki2-8/2015) gian, sukien LS, cau noi noi tilng, roi dao v| tri va yeu cau cac dugc mdt so kT n i n g quan trgng nhu kTnang giao em ghep doi cho diing ti'^; kTnang van ddng nhanh nhen, kheo leo; kTnang Wrfv.-A Binh Tay Dai Nguyen Soai hgp tac; kTnang lam viec nhdm; k l n i n g quyet djnh Dieu d i e biet hon ea la to chfle TC se kieh 2.'Bao gidTiy nhdhit CO nadc Nam mcH mdi ngudi Nam danh Ta/ ttiich HS hge t i p , ITnh hdi tri ttiflc LS mot each d l Llnh dao phong trao nong dan Yen The dang,ed niem say me.hflngtiiuhon gidhpc LS B a Nguyin Tmng Tn/c dfrudng phd'thdng i ^ b Hoang Hoa Tham (De Tham) cTniongDInh (1) Hd Chi Minh toan tap (t^p 4) NXB Chinh tri qudc gia-Su thdt a 1995 Dap an: ic; 2a; 3b 2.7 Tha van LS.De ttiue hien TC nay, GV lay (2) N g * van (t$p 2) NXB Gido d{ic Viit Nam, cac tac pharn sd hpc hoac nhflng ang v i n chuong H.2004 vi^tve LS, g i n vdi phan ehuong trinh hgc maGV ed hudng d i n HS dgc ttiem, hoac nam frong su md rdng kien tiifle ma HS nen biet GV nen chgn nhflng ciu, nhflng doan ngin cdy tflsuc tich, dua rayeu eau bosung n h i ^ g tfledn khuyet va xac djnh xuatxfl(tae pham) eua doan van Wc/u; 1) 'Oii phai gian lao khang Tat li^u tham k h i o A.X MacarencO Toan tSp (tjlp V) NXB Viin Hdn ldm Khoa hgc gido due, COng h6a Lifin bang Nga, Moskva 1958 G.A.Culaghina 100 tro choi Ljch s& NXB Gido due, Moskva, 1967 Phan Ngoc Lien (chu bifin) Ddi mdi phutrng ph^p chien, vdi mgt long kien quyet thing Vft nhat djnh se v l day HQC mdn Ljch su-d' t r u d n g thdng NXB D^i dSn t§c ta" (chfi de khuyet la tii "hi sinh", trich idi keu ggi loan hgc suphtfm, H 2005 qudc khang chien, 20/12/1946 cua Chu tjch Ho Chi Mlnh) (1; tr 480) 2] Ta thudng tdi bi?a quen i n , nua dem vfi gfi'i,ruQtdaunhucat,nucrcm^ti5amdia,chi chua xa thit Igt SUMMARY In the organizational form of teaching histoiy the da, nuot gan uong mau Dau cho trim than phoi ngoai ngi CO, nghin xac goi da ngua ta cung vui long' (chfi organization is a historic game In the form ofteaching to 0ve students a lot of excitement when access dS' khuyet la ti) "cim tiic" va tii "quSn thu" trich "Hich tt/ong sF to historical knowledge The article introduces the cua Hung Dgo Vuang Tran Quoc Tui'n) (2; Ir 55) game designing forms in teaching History in order to Nhu vay, viec td' chflc TC day hoc LS improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning khdng chi don thuan la phuong tien giai tri bd' ieh interests for students for the History subject in secma cdn giiip HS d l hie'u, d i k h i c sau kien thflc, n i m ondary schools Tich hdp glao due ki nano sOng (Tiep theo trang 24) Phat tried nang Idt giai qnifil (Tiep theo Irang 30) NguySn Khiic Phi (tdng chfl bifin) Ngd- vSn vii NgO" vfin (t(lp I t$p 2) NXB Gido diic Viit Nam, H.2014 Vy GiSo dye trung hpc, BO GD-DT Chuong trinh phdt triin gido due trung hoc; Gido di^c gid tri vd ki ndng sdng cho hpc sinh phd thdng Tai li^u tjp hu^n giSo vifin trung hgc coso, trung hpc ph6 thfing 2010 Trdn Trung DQng " T chiic ho^t d(>ng dfiy hpc a truung trung hpc ph6 thOng theo djnh huong ph&t iri^n nang liic hpc sinh" T?p chi Khoa hgc Gido d{tc, SO' 106/2014 Phan Ngpc Lifin Lich si> 12 NXB Gido difc, H.2008 SUMMARY Life Skills Education for mountainous ethnic minority students is a task, as well as the advantages of the current philology With a sense of responsibility and quall/lcaUons, professional competence, conditions are assured, philology subject teachers should Integrate life skills education through the exploitation of teaching content, form and method of philology teaching in flexible and creative way matching mountainous ethnic minority students In the process of teaching history subject in hi^ school, problem solving capacity is considered as one of core capacities needed to tie formed and developed for students In order to develop problem sohrIngcapacity, there are many forms, methods, teaching means and pedagogical measures It requires a process of regular training, with positive, active, independent and creative leaming attitudes of students as well as devoted guides of teachers SUMMARY Tap chi Gido due so 364 (ki2-8/2015) 27 ... y kien, phongtiJC,tap quan cua cae dan tde mien nui da khing quan niem,suynghtcua minh vevan deddvaien bed djnh vaifrdcua gia dinh, lang ban doivdi nhung KNS ban, lang.dan^cua em venhung suviec... tiep trang 27} (ki2-8/2015) gian, sukien LS, cau noi noi tilng, roi dao v| tri va yeu cau cac dugc mdt so kT n i n g quan trgng nhu kTnang giao em ghep doi cho diing ti''^; kTnang van ddng nhanh... euattidnban, tieng Viet dugc GD tieng nha trudng se bi mai mdt 2J GDKNS cachinh thuc DHmdn NV: dan neu dpia dinh, sinh hoattrong lang ban, HS chi - GDKNS DH chinh khoa mdn NV\a hinh giaotiepbangtiengdin