HlfONG DAN HDC SINH TIM HIED DIEM NHlN NGHE THDAT THONG HAI TAC PHAM CHIEC THUYEN NGOAI XA VA MOTNGUm HA NOI (NGirVAN W D iem nhin ia mgt trong nhOng van de ca ban ntiatcuavan ban nghethuatDocung iamo[.]
HlfONG DAN HDC SINH TIM HIED DIEM NHlN NGHE THDAT THONG HAI TAC PHAM CHIEC THUYEN NGOAI XA VA MOTNGUm HA NOI (NGirVAN W ThS D iem nhin ia mgt nhOng van de ca ban ntiatcuavan ban nghethuatDocung iamot ijL/ang tiep can mot tac pham van hgc, giup ngudi doc dao sau cac gia trj nghe thuat va ngi dung Tuy nhien, v6i nhieu giao vien (GV) va da so hgcsinh (HS), day la vain de liho, nhieu ing.Biim nhin ben thehien b i n g hinh thiic tu quan sat ciia nhan vat "I6r b i n g tu thu nhan, hoac bing hinh Ihiic nguoi tran thuat ti;a vao giac quan, tam hon nhan vatdethehien cam nhan vethe gicfi Vi vay, ve ban chat, suphan biet diem nhin ben va ben ngoai chinh la ddiem dat 36 Tap chi Giao due so 363 N G U Y E N TH! H O A I A N ' Trong M^ngudlHaNghaChiicthuymngoal M , D N N T dugc tdch lie theodang:Ngudikechuy§n xuat hien nhu la mgt nhan vat tmyen xung toi (dang 1) Mgtmat, no tao ao giac vltinh chan thuc cua cau chuyen Quan trpng hon, co ve nhu nghich li, thich inh diem nhin cung cap cho cau chuy§n tinh chu quan dam dac Vi la mgtnhan vattrong cau chuyen, ngudi kechuygn CO vai trobinh ding vdi cac nhan vat khac, co the bgc Ig ca nhan minh vdi nhung bleu hien ve tinh each, tam II, suy nghl vdi tu each la mgt nhan vat ciia tac phim ma khong gap batciittd ngai nao Do dd, ngudi dgc de dang bat gap tac pham hien tugng:xenvaomachtranthuatldimach _ suy tu, chiem nghiem cua nhan vat I d r Xin lay Mgt ngudi Hi Ngilam minh chiing Ldi sdng cua co Hien ludn dugc mieu ta thd ddi sanh vdi ldi sdng cOa toi, ngam djnh mgt su danh gia ciia ban than ngudi ke chuyen: XainOa, caiancOng idionggiong vdisodong Gia dinh chung Idithian udng binh din hdn, vd chong cai ngoi xum xil quanh cai mim nhom, tide an co Ithlmuc bat dia, cd cddi'nguyin Irong noi, noi ldn datgiOa mam,ndinh6dalcanhmim,cdviecsucmdivaO,siJ0 dda vio, vda an vda quatmingcon cai, nhom nlwim, he, khong cin phii khuon bdtheomgtquyticnao ca An cdtdesohg, deiam viec, hayht^ gicalfftdii nghi nrdm cua giai dp tu san " (NV12; tr 90) Ngudi dgc ed the hieu dugc van d l tac gia phan anh vacaquan S\m\ cda ngudi ke Vi nhudang liechuy^^ vd Ha Ngi tham ngudi cd da gia, ngudi ke viia ke viia ta viia bgc IgsuynghTve hanh dgng eiia ngudi cd tOrdonghTve net dep eua van hoaTetoHaNgi:' Nam chic chda the'co thuy ten Din Ha Ngi nhay tau len Lang Sdn budn ban du thd mi khong budn duck: vii ngin cuffiiJyliennhi?Vilhi/cdlhuy ten lieu cd ngudi bi^ggl& thOytin Lai tiim cii each song, cai tam iisong oat, xd bS, vg Idcua dim *TnrilniTnii{b«cpholtoiigdiiieiiPliaiB4iCliia,ll2keti (kl - 812015) ngudivua thoatkhdicaikhodadSgicdduacsifbkih cua dan tpc Cd the coi day ia cot truyen na - nien bieu ben ngoai mangtinhIjch surd ret vdi nhung chi dan ffnh de thudng thuc ve d^ trang mxig cua mot gio hoa ihtjy Hen' He qua la si/ xuat hien cua ngudi kenam thang cu the: "Nam 1955, idi td khang chien trd chuyen ximg tor (NV12;tr96-97) ngoi thijfnhatnhiaj ve , duac song nam dau a Hi WOT vtia mtM giai re^ngang, dam suy tu nhieu Ithi da lam nen giong cSajphmg ';Vaunam 1965,HaNac6dattuyenquan tran thuat tham tram va nhrp dieu tran thuat cham rai vao chien dau tfong Nam ', 'Thing 12nim 1975, Nhavay viec doichieudiOT nhin tnjng Jlfpfnffiiw coHienchocongaixuohgnhaggivachongtdib^ ', Ha Ngi, Chiec thuym ngoii xa vdi cac tac pham "Nhi&inim da trdi qua ' Nhung moist/kien cua truoc 1975 gitjp HS hieu sau hem dac diem diem lich s)} - xa hpi ducrc tac gia khaitiiackhdng phai tfi nhin hai tac pham, dong thcfi thay st/van dpng cho nd bien da thi/c te dan tpc, va ddng vao so phan cua diffln nhin dhai giai doan van hpc sddong nhan dan nhutiienao ma dchdma ca nhan Bam sat nhung dac trung cua tac pham tu se CO eachfingyiU the nao Xiudc bien co dd Vdi si/ su.nhat la the load truyen ngan hien dai de nhan kien Ha Ndi dupc giai phdng nam t955,vandema dien cac each tan gan vdi DNNT ngudi ke chuyen quan tam lattiaidp cua co Hien Si/dich chuy^ DNNT vao ben da di/a lai trudc suttiayda nay: Vhung toi Uii vui the, tai nhieu thay dS cc ban nghe thua! tran thuat nhungnguas6hgdHiNoichuathitminhi?'{U\/A2; cua cac buyen ngan C/i/ec thuyen ngoai xa va tt'91) Cung ndi ve sukien tuyen quan vao Nam cua Ugt ngudi Ha Ngi Be nhan dien nhung doi mtji Ha Npi nam 1965, cai nhan vat Idr quan tam la suy tran thuat gin vol si/djch chuyen ONNT, G V nghlvacachfingxuratttiat cua nhan vatxung quanh hui^g din MS bam sat cac dac trung cua tac p h ^ cau hoi; Vo bing idng cho em di chien dau chu^ tti str, cu the la cua tnjyen ngan hien dai:tinhhuong(NV12; tr 94} Neu tffih y, ta se nhan thay, cot ldi ttiuc fruyen, cot tmyen va moi quan he gifia ngudi ke 6a^ dien bien cau chuyen hoan toan khong phai la chuyen - nhan vat cac sukien Ijch suxahamala cac cau hamang tinh 2.1 Biim nhin gAi Bm vdi vi$c lira chgn hnh luan de duoc dat ra: Tai co Ididng phai hgc 0p Atfdngfruyenngiv.Xungquanhbuyenngin Chiec cai tao, CO giau cik^g ^nhi?'; "Co bing idng cho em tiiuyat ngoai xa van co hai each nhin nhan khac Nchien dau chu?'; "Xahgi nao cOng phaicd motgiai nhau: hoac cho latinhhuong nghich li; hoac xem la tmgffiuangkm cua nd lam chuin cho mgi gia tn tinh huong mang t'nh chat nhan thtjc N ^ ngim kl, Theo anh, dxi hdi tali tang kp nao?'; 'Anh Ha se thay kieu tinh huoig bao bum toan truy^ lai la mpt Noi lan niy thiiy phd'xa the nao, thiy dintinhthe sukien nghieng ve nhan thiJC Con cai tinh thenghich nao?' Oieu dua den mpt ket luanttiuvi: Ijch sfi licijagia dinh hang chaikiachtlampttinh huong nho dupc quan tam tfiquan niem cua mptcanhan cuttie long vao tinh huong (on Va canh ddi nghk^ li {tdij va b/cmg quan vdi so phan, ca tinh cua ca chmh la "^ijt thif cua ca hai si/nhanlhiJCdPhiJng:!) nhan cuttie(cd Hien) Ljch su trdttianhphucmg tien Nhan thiic h ^ ve thiicttangcupc swig; 2) va nhan dettienghiem nhfing suyti/,kinh nghiem ctia ngi/di thi)crongve st; tiai ngugc giua thuc trang cupc song kechuyen ximg tor vdj y nghe thuat cua tn/dng phong Trong truyen Mat khac, mdt nha van dong nhat diem nhin CO hai mach van dpng Tren be na la mach van dpngngudi ke chuyai vdi diem nhin cua nhan vat (ngudi cija cau chuyen - lan gap gdctja l o r v(^ ngudi phu kechuyen dong thdi lanhan vat), dian nhin cau chuy^ nfi Obe chim hcfn, la mach van dpng si/ nhan ^\}qcver\guii'khdngbietiiicd',\d\6ng'i^m4tldt^ tfiiic cua nhan vandr, ditusi}ng sot, cam gian, phan naTnen khdng cdn la diem nhin biettijotthau suot daquyetietdent^E^ nhk) valhau hieu sunghi^nga nfia Chiec diuyen ngoai xa, ca tudng cua CUOC ddiciBignhubanchE&cua nghe thuaLTrgng tam cau chuyen rtri vao mach tht/ hai Y nghia cua nhu dattiamgia vao viec giijp ddngud^ dan ba Toi, rut cupc cai ma Phung nhan dutjc lai la suchap nhan, cau chuyen nam dchinh hanh trinh nghe lattiua nhan si/b^ luc cung nhusudfing ngoai J 0^ m di xay dimg cai truyen N eu hoan toan cua minh vdi eau chuyen cua hp Cung nhin vao dilri bien ctk he thoig sul|aen, dau an machvay, MgtngtidiHaNgi, nhan vat tdi cung di h) tidi gian hien ronh^t tac phmn MgtngudiHa nhutig nghi ngd, nhfing nhanttificsai lam den \mi, /Vo/vdi cac mob thdi gian (rung khft vdi cac si/kien ldntian bpng ve d ^ cua cd Hien Thai dp khien ta (ki 1-812015) Tap chi Giao due so 363 37 phaisuynghTvevaitrdcua nhan vat "ter Anhta cung ttiuat nhu tren, GV cdttiegiup HS nhan dien nhfing chl la mdt ngudi binh ttiudng, hoan loan khdng each tan nghe thuat cua hai tac pham ndi neng, van phai la ngudi nim gifi chan li, ttiam chi cdn trd nen hpc sau 1975 ndi chung, cung nhu cd the hieu sau nho be tn/dc ngudi dan ba ttiau triet le ddi Do dd, hon nhfing thdng diep nhan sinh sau Uiam nha van dim nhin giup nha vanttiehien cai nhin dan chu gfii gam cho cudc ddi Q tn/dc cudc dcri 2.3.lifoiqnan he ghra ngudi Icechuyenva cac Tai li£u t h a m k h a o nhan vatlchicTrong hai tac phamttiudngttiaiycd U BS H4n - Tran Dinh Sis - Nguyfin Khic Phi (chu suchuyen vai linh hoat, suluan phien diem nhin vay biSn) Tur dien thuat ngu'van hgc NXB Daihgc qudc ttific tfi ngudi ke den nhan vat Chang han nhan vat giaHaN^i 1999 tdr da bpc Id tam trang cua minh dupc sdng nam NguySn Van Long - La Nham Thin (chu bifin) Vfin dau a Ha Ndi vfia giai phdng la vui, la 'cue l(il(hoan hoc Vi^t Nam sau 1975 - nhung vS'n d^ nghiSn cihi va giang d^y NXB GiAo due H 2006 /f/3oaT Nhung dgdc nhin cua cdHienituy vui nhung Bill Vi$t Th^ng Truyen ng^n, nhthig vS'n Ai \i "chinh phil can thiep vaonh't&i viec cua dan qua, nao thuydt yk thuc tiSn the loai NXB D^i hgc quSc gia phii^p the due buoi sing, phai smh hoat van nghe Hd N^i, H 2000 m&ta, vachongphaisongrasao, ^i gai phai yeu Nguyfin Van TOng T a c phim van hgc nh^ nhuffie nio, ffjim chi caS&i cdng si choke in trwonng • nhtirng vfin de trao d6i (t^p I) NXB Ci&o nguc^d '\dq6cr\hhch\v(i: "Cich mang gi toan de dfic Vif I Nam n.20\2 yden nhiing chuyen lit var (N VI2; tr 93) Tu ttian SUMMARY cac y kien dd da 1^ mpt su doi ttioai, dieu chinh vdi y kiwi cua ngudi ke chuyen Cd y ttific suy nghl, In literature artisUc point of view is the mode of quan diem cua ngudi ke dupe ndi den nhu co sudoi narration that an author employs to let the readers thoai vdi suy nghl, quan diem cua nhan vat Vi nhu discover and have a deep understanding about his stories Realizing the artisUc point of view is a difHchuyen ngudi cd ran day lutre: "Chung may la ngudi cult problem when teaching autobiography The arHaNgiffiicachdidungndiningphaicdchuah,kh6ng ticle proposes two solutions for studyingarUsUc view dugc saig Sen, budng tuon^ dupc dat su point: comparing it with the stories composed before 1975 in high school curriculum and following the doittioaivdi quan niem cua ngudi ke sau dd: particular traits of the narrative stories, especially "Chiing ^ila ngudicikffiditoan, cac cu^ibatday the modem short stories to identify the arUsUc point of view's innovation ciiffjeo ffidibinh li khd lim' Chi&:thuy&i ngoaixacung cdsudoisanh nhieu diem nhin Mdinhan vat cung dupc soi chieu tunhieu KJNH MCil BAN DOC DAT MUA diem nhin khac biet Xet den cfing Iao chong vfia la ttiu pham gay canh dau ddn cho ngudi vp, cho de TAP Ciri GIAO DUC NAM 2015 dongttidicung lai la nan nhan cua cupc song cdn tam toi khon khd' Ngudi vpcung vfia la nan nhan vfia la Tap chi Giao due thang ki, d|t mua thu pham, ma theo chinh Idi mu ttii la "cailSl la thuan ti^n tai cac buii cue dja phUdng (Ma so dam dan bi d^uyen de nhieu qua"iJ^MM-^r 15) C192) hoJc dit mua true tiep t?i Toi scan (s6 Thing Phac cungttie,vfia la nan nhan cua thdi lirijng ldn) theo dja ehi: TAP CHI GIAO DVC, lai vu^ la thu pham kich ddngttidicdn va chinh Mttb Hoat Mc, quan Bong Ba, Hd Not ndcung sdm cdtinh cdn Vdi ca nhin da chieu nhu ICinh mdi ban doc, eae ddn vj gi^o dgc, vay, nhan vat Chiec thuyen ngoai xa^ dupc trudng hge dSt mua Tap chi Giao due niiin cauttficvol tat ca suphfic tap cua no, khong hin xau 2015 Mgi lien h$ xin giii vl dia chi IrSn hole cung khdng hin la ke tot Nhan^vat va cau chuyen lien lac qua so di$n thoai: 04.37345363; Fax: hien len vdi ve chan ttiat sauttiamva phfic hop ca 04.37345363 nhfing nghjch ly, nhfing chieu ti^icua hien ttiuc Xin tran trgng cam dn Hanh ttinh kham phave dep cua tac pham van TAP CHI GIAO DPC hpc la vd cung Vdi hudng kham pha diem nhin nghe 38 Tap chi Gido due so 363 (hi - 8/2015) ... thuym ngoii xa vdi cac tac pham "Nhi&inim da trdi qua '' Nhung moist/kien cua truoc 1975 gitjp HS hieu sau hem dac diem diem lich s)} - xa hpi ducrc tac gia khaitiiackhdng phai tfi nhin hai tac pham,... tao, CO giau cik^g ^nhi?''; "Co bing idng cho em tiiuyat ngoai xa van co hai each nhin nhan khac Nchien dau chu?''; "Xahgi nao cOng phaicd motgiai nhau: hoac cho latinhhuong nghich li; hoac xem... chuyen hoan toan khong phai la chuyen - nhan vat cac sukien Ijch suxahamala cac cau hamang tinh 2.1 Biim nhin gAi Bm vdi vi$c lira chgn hnh luan de duoc dat ra: Tai co Ididng phai hgc 0p Atfdngfruyenngiv.Xungquanhbuyenngin