VAN DONG PHDNG GACH NGHE THOAT COA HAN MAC Tt HE HOfiNG OiN HDC SINH DOC HIEO DAI THO m i i H m ThS PHAN N G O C THANH'''' 1 Phong each nghe ihuatirong sang tac la mpt khai mem chi nhflng net chung,tuong[.]
VAN DONG PHDNG GACH NGHE THOAT COA HAN MAC Tt HE HOfiNG OiN HDC SINH DOC HIEO DAI THO m i i H m ThS Phong each nghe ihuatirong sang tac la mpt khai mem chi nhflng net chung,tuong doi ben vflng cua he thong hinh tupng, cua cac phuong tiiuC bieu hien nghe tiiuat, tieu bieu cho ban sac sang tao cua mptnhavan Phong each sang tae lampttrong nhung thudc tai nang cua nha van Doi vdi tho ea, phong each sang tac thudng dupc tiie hien dcac binh dien sau day: net rieng frong su lua chpn, xu li de tai, xay dung chude, ddi tupn^ mieu ta xuli de tai; cainhinve ngudi va cudc sdng; he thong hinh tupng, hinh anh va cac md tip nghe friuat dac tarng; he thong phuong tiiuc bleu hien nhflng thu phap, bien phap quen dung cdhieu qua, delaidau an rieng, in dam ca tinh sang tao cua nha van nhu he tiidng thu phap, bien phap, each to'chde ket eau tae pham; ngdn ngfl va giong dieu cua tac pham P H A N N G O C THANH' ke vupt khung tiidi dai minh bang nhflng giac mo dam mau sieu thuc Nhjp dieu ttio la "quay cudng mau vot Cudng dp cam xuc 1^ ''hon traoradaungm but\"me man cheidieng ca lan d^ 2.2.ChutheTB:caiTdiH-hqpbatdmh.'\KiT\% thotnitinh, viec chuthephan tfian, hoa than vao cac dd'i tupng het stj"c khac de eait len nhiing tieng noi tri/tinh phong phu khac la khong eon la dieu xa la nfla TD, dieu cd khac hon St/phan lictja chu the d day khong ttieo loi tuyen tinh ma theo loi dong hien: mpt xac than nhieu nhan each Thegidi "nhan vaf frong TD chinh vi the cd iuc rat ki di: Xa mgt mieng ta trang la (rang/Caking ta vo sdgaihSng nhan/ Ta nha day mot nang/Cho may ling Idcho nudc ngatngay p[idng nhu chinh dau thUOng da tao mpt eude no vd nao dd cua tinh than ma pha vdtinh Thong tiiudng, ngudi ta dpc tac pham de tim nhatttieeuaeai''nguyenT6i",phanlindtiianhmu6n nhflng dae diem phong each cila tac pia Tuy nhien, manh Moimanh vua ia mptphan tiian cua calToikia cd nhflng frudng hpp, tflnhflng dac diem phong each lai vfla la mpt eai Tdi khac tu lap: "Kia aiganh maudi tae gia, ngt/cfi dpc lai "quay ngupe" ve "giai ma" nhung tren tuyet/Vdi lai ngoi khit canh toi/Ma ngam tin hieu tham mTcua tac pham Trudng hppbaitiio Cling ho day mieng/Khong noi khong rang nin ca £»ayf/;i5nlTDa(Nguvan11)lamptvi dutieu bieu hor Xac than la mpt Tdi, Hon lai tach tiianh mpt VdiHan MacTd, phong each sang tac thehien Tdi khac, diia cot, rapt dudi, treuti-dngnhau, tiiam ctii dam net nhat la Tho dien (TD} va td TD frd ve tiidn tin h lln n u:" f a ^/jac/;OT/a ngoa/'cija/nffifjp.V vang/Hdn dacaudicao sau,phong each ay da lam nen mpt loaihinh tho ki la Ao toila mgtffidngcphon nhai ngau nghien Dan hon dlivng mqt dim na^ Cuthe: Hon met la toi thi chet giac, Oidien cuonglOifo 2.1 Ngudn cam xuc dac thii cua TD: dau daiiro dai/Ta cam ffiuyen chinh giua vung hon ta thuong Budcyao TD la budc vao eai the gidi quan Dau ehl la susinh hoa mpt thue tai ao quai cua tinh tiian Ndlabieu hien eija nhung giang xe Khong thesay me vdi til t/c tai aodd mai dupe, muon quyet liet giua Hi vpng va Tuyet vpng Tin tudng va manh ay tat yeu s e ^ t t i o n g nhat mptbantucBig, Hoainghi,B6ngtd'icuaBenhtat,Chetchde,Maquy ban tiie nhat b4ng chinh Dau ttiuong"- Thua toi vert anh sanp etja Tinh Yeu, St/sdng Than tiianh khong dam say me ^qt mai toi chet ben khe nggc giua Cdchap,Thu han Hep hdi vdi Khoan dung Op tuyen/Baygidtdidaitdidien/Chiptayidllaycamm lupng, Cao ca , gifla Dja Ngue h§c am vdi Thien khong gian" dudng quang minh Tat canhung phan trai nghjch li cua nddeu la ngon ngflctja dau thuang Trong dau 2.3 Kenh hinh anh tin kicua TD: nhung veki thuong,tae6thecamnghedupccampttiiegidiben c(/ Neu khdng ed kenh hinh anh nay, ehua ehae dau vo hinh dang lam vao tuyet vpng qua nhflng thuong da dupc gpj la TD Cung vi the, da dpc tap tieng ren ri rdm mau cua tiian xac ben ngoai Sy bi tiio nay, khong ttie khdng ttiay ve ki di, kinh di t r ^ tham Cham y thuc ndi loan dabien hien tupng frio Han MacTunhUlamptngdisaochollaki.HanMacTt/ia * TnrdngTning boc thong Ngo Van Nhac, Tien Giang 34 Tqp chi Gido due so 359 (ki - 6/2015) ngap d Ngudi fliay Tu hay ndi den su "tan toang"cuaxacttianvdinhflng roi oing.tanri/a Ngudi khae thay Tuthudng chuyen vd sdcam nhan thudc cac ^iac quan khac ve mot quan ta cai mieng, ia "khau cam" vdi nhflng dpng tiiai an, nuot, ddp, nha, mua, khac vd'n rat kj gio vdl thica tnjyen thdng Va nhatlaaicungdatflngbj''s6e"trudcnhungvekinhd! liai cua Trang - Hon- IVlau Khong it ngucrt gpi lave dep ki dj:" Toi toan hdp ca vang trdl/Toi toan ddp ci mieng cudi khd","Ta cin kii tha de mau trad', "Ta mieng cho hdn tho trao vof, "Cudi no ne sic sua ca mui tran^," Ta khac hon ngoai ah mienp', "Hon vol mdm cho toi muon anh san^, 'G'^ rittang cao trang nga ngua/Vd tan vung dgng vang kho / Ta nam vung trang dem ay / Sang day dien cuong mih mau "C6\hen6]k\)6ng ngoa rang la ea mdt eupe noi loan cam giac cua ttii ca.Vdinhflngve kinh di nay, rOmudnxerao detim kiem cho ttio nhwig mi^ncam giae mdi-cam giacmanh,day cai kinh djde'ntdtcLing(dundcd phan xaia vdi ngucri) 2.4 Mach lien kit cua TD: ddng tam tu bit dfnh Khdng it ngudrt dpc TD da cam nhan duoc mptve''kicue"dddibaila mach tiio "cdc nhay", "dau Ngo, minh Sd" Mdi bai tho cua Ti) thudng hien nhu mptddng tam tubatd!nh:tinh dieu lien tuc chuyen van, hinh tupng lien tuechuyen "kenh" Tatca cfl nhu mfitttieldngtroichayvodinh hinh, nhumptmach lien tudng tijy tien, dut doan, "cdc nhay" Va can cfl vao dau hieu ma nhieu ngudi vdi xep ttio Han Mac Tu han vao d sieu ttiuc Tht/c ra, nhflng cam nhan ay da votinh eham den mdt net dac trung eua thi phap TD mac/?/en/re/s/lJufog'fl^.Cd nghia la su lien ket frong cacttiipham cfl nhumudntuptra khoi tam kiem soat cua li tri, cac mang tiio dinh vdi khong phai apluc ciiajinhhpp li ttiude mdt logic tiiong tiiudng, song nd v i n gan ket theo mpt kieu rieng Neu duoc tach baeh mdtcaeh giadjnh tiii cdthethay mdi ttii pham cua Han Mac Tu: "van ban hinh tupng" ed vehontoan,tiiongkhidd"vanbancamxue"lainguyen phien, lien mach Nhu tiie lien ket T D c d the vi nhu khoi hinh Ruble: cac d mau thi hdn loan fren be mat, nhtmg tatca lai chau tuan xung quanh eai tnjcbl mat nau Idng Ruble: dau thuang 2.5 Ldp ngon tu ndi bit cua TB: ldp ngon tu arc ta Lam nen dien mao mot loai hinh khdng ttie khong cd vai trd cua ldp ngdn tfl rieng Vdi TD, dd la k^ ngon tflci/e ta - hieu theo nghia la Idp tfl cd ttiien huong bieu ta d muc cue diem Vi du, ta s^c tting khdng ttioi diJ thay khia canh La ngudi say d i m Oil 1-6/2015) vedep trinh khiet, nen hinh anh bieu tupng sdng dpng chove dep ttianh khietmattiisThIng ton tiidtii udng gan lien vdi s i c tring Han Mac Turat hay nqi tdi sac tring la lung - khdng chi phd mau ma cdn h i t len ca anh: "Dqc bdsdng trang ning chang chan^', "Chet roi xiem ao trang nhuHntf' va "Da thit, trdioi! Tring ran minh', Hudng d i n hpc sinh (HS) cam thu bai t h a "Day thdn Vi Da" dt/atren c a s d v a n diing phong each nghe thuat Han hAacTtj(ioai hinh TD) Bai ttio Day thdn WDa n i m tap tho Oau t h u a n g (TD) Day la mdt bai ttio gay nhieu tranh cai ti'ong gidi nghien ctJru, phe binh van hpc, ngudi day, ngudihpc eung nhubaottiehedpcgiayeu van Mdi tan dpc iai bai tiio, ngudi ta tai day dflt vdi hang loat cau hdi: Ngudi eon gai ao "trang qua nhin khong ra" ay la ai? Khudn mat "chudien'la cua ai? Sao laila Gid theo ldi gio, may ducmg may"? Nha tho dang nhin tfl goc dp nao ma lai thd'i len la "ben song trang dd'i Sao lai la "chdkip'? De "giai ma" dupe nhflng tin hieu tiiam ml, nhflng hinh tupng nghe thuat ay thiet nghi can dua tren ca sdvan dung phong each nghettiuatHanMacTt/(loaihinhTb) Cau mddau "Saoan/7/f/?dnfifrec/7Cf/iy?D/il/>?"la mptcauhdinhieusactiiai:vLrah6i,vtJra nhic nhd, vua trach m^oc, vfla mdi moc Ay la Idi cua thi s i t u phan tiian dehoichinh minh Vfla hdivfla khdng biettflgid cd cdn CO hdi trd lai noi aiynfla khdng Niem khat khao da Idi tuvan Ba cau sau ve canh vudn ttidn Vy: "Nhin ning hang cau nang mdi len/ Vudn aim udt qua xanh nhu ngqc/La tnic che ngang matchddien" Cau tho thfl tu da va dang gay nhieu tranh tuan: latnJcchengangmatchudien''.C6ngudicho66\a khudn matngudicon gai; CO ngudi thicho ring ddla khudn mat dan qng va ehinh la eua ttii si Han Cdn quan niem eho rang dd la guong mat ngudi gai Hue lai li giai: Han dang ma tudng ve co gai Vy Da, chunhan cua khu vudn nam nao Han dattjfng ttiuong trom nhdtiiam Cd gai ay e E^, duyen dang qua, nhung eung kin dao, khd hieu qua vdi hinh anh la tnjc che ngang mat Cdn tai la guong mat "chddieif, cdphai la khudn mat cua Hoang CiJc khdng ttii dieu dd khdng quan trpng, bdi vi cd the mat chfl dien cd mdt sflc am gpi tam tudng Han ma tiidil Cdn y kien cho ring dd la khudn mat cua ngudi trd ve ttion Vy-la Han MacTi}ttiiligiai:daylal6'itao hinh rat phd' bienvattiudnglabuc'1i/hpa"cuathisT.HanMaeTt/ hay ve khudn mat an sau canh le, khdm lau, rao thua, bd \\hi, Dd cd ttie la khuon hinh ttii s i yeu ttiich Nhung cd le sau xa hon la san pham cua mac cam Tqp chi Giao due so 359 35 chia Iia Mac cam khidn nha tho ve minh ttio nhu mgtke dung ngoai, di ngang qua cugc ddi, mdt ke da chia Iia vdi dcri, ke ve lai ttidn Vy mdt each tiiam len, vung trom mattidi Han hinh dung minh trd ve ttidn Vy (hay tai hien mot lan tiii s i da ve, nhung khdngvaomachidtjfng nep ngoaicd'ng nhin vao) Vjn mpt eanh tmc masay ngam vedep than tien cua khu vudn Vay nen cai cau ttio la san pham cua mpt tinhyeu manh lietmacunglasan pham cua mpt tam hon day mac cam ve ttian phan minh Nhung lai ed each hieu ttiflba Nhung ngudi nghien cijruve van hda Huedeu biet, Vy Da frudc ia ttidn ma nhung quan chuc, vien chuc thdi phong kien, Phap ttiudc ve huu sinh song Nha nao cung cd vudn, nhflng khu vudn xinh x i n , dupe cham tia ttiudng xuyen Tardc mdi cong nha ttiudng d i p noi ehfl "dien" Phai chang "La tnk che ngang mat chd died' la chu dien nayda^j? Khd'thfl hai chuyen sang mpt canh khac: canh ddng sdng dem ttang Canh dang cdvettiuc, chuyen sang ao,dptngpt "nhay cdc": "GK5 tfieo/5/5'/q, may dudng may/Dong nudc buon thiu, hoa bap lay/ Thuyen dau ben song trang do/Co chd trang ve kip tdi nay?" Canh qua hoi flc hay la mdt huyen canh dang hien frudc m i t nha ttio ? Cd le la ca hai Tat ca dudng nhu dang bd di: gid bay di, may ttdi di, ddng nudc chuoi di Thien nhien dflt ndi, chia Iia Chia Iia ca nhflng tiifl vd'n khong the chia Iia, "gioffieo Idlgio, maydut^gma/ Hlnh anh giomayddinganay nhudm mau sae kidj, latiludng, chinh la mpt tam frang budn hay noi buon li tan, ehia phdi, tuyet vpng Hinh anh ddng sdng trang, ttiuygn CO chd trang ve kjp la canh mo, la tam eanh, ehat chua bao am anh ehia Iia, nhd nhang, mpt d u cam cupc ddi ngan ngui, mdt su ho nghi day dau ddn bdicachtrdyekhdng gian.vibenh tat Vahan hetlampttam hdn khat khao cudc sdng Hinh anh 'song ^n^f la mdt hinh anh HS de dangcam thu,bdivitixjngttiP,tflcdehikim,hinh anh khdng phai la khdng gap, nhung hinh anh tiiuyen cd"chdkip"frang khdng lampthlnh anh macdtiiese gaykhd tiieu cho HS trung hpc.Giao vien khihudng d i n HS dpc hieu den day, cdthe gidi tiiieu cho cac em hettidng ttii lieu ttieo cai nhin chtj quan cua nha ttia, dd cd tiii lieu tring Chua cd viet ve trang nhieu va phong phu nhu Han Mac Tu, cd den 45 bai ttio cd hinh anh frang, frang xuat hien 163 lan vdi nhung bdmatkhac nhau: binh di, hien lanh; khat khao, rao n/c;mdi tidn day ttiolt da vd tan tanh, khilacd gai gd ma ddhudm, luc xanh xao mdng manh khdng COI 36 su sdng Nhflng dan chi/ng tieu bieu de tha'y frang ttio Han Mac Tfl da dupc ngutii hda, vat hoa, bie'n cai tinh, lanh, xa la cua trang trd nen nwig nan, rao rue, gan gui, quai d j hoae ttie hien sudau ddn, tan vd, nhu: "Bong nguyitleq song rdram gdi, '6 bong nguyettmn truaigtamAo cai khuon vang dudi day khd', "Gio rit tang cao tring ngi ngdaJVd tan fianh vung dgng vang khd"; roi "Horn naycomgtnua ting thoi/Mqtnua aicin vorofva "Ca mieng ta la trang, la tring/Cahon ta vo sdgaihSngnhan/Ta nha ratfay/no/na/i^f Khi da biet nhung hinh anh ve trang nhuUienay roi ttii hinh anhtiiuyen "cochdtmng vekip tdina/ frong bai tha Diy thdn VIDase dupe HS cam ttiu td't Kh6cu6\:"Mokhachdudngxa,khachdudngxa/ Ao em tting qui nhin khong ra/O day suong khoi mdnhan anh/Aibiettinh aico dam da?' thi ro rang la ttii s i dang mo ve mpt "khach ma hong" nao dd roi Nhung xa vdi i l m ve khoang each khdng gian va khoang each tinh cam Nhieu ngudi cho ring, 'ao tring qui' nen "nhin khong ra" bdi vi lin vao suang khdi m d nhan anh Ngudi da nhin khdng ro, ttii lam hieu dupe Idng da Hinh anh ngudi gai tiio Han la bieu tuqng sdng dqng cho ve dep trinh khiet ma thisWn thd Gan lam mptvdi hinh dang ay ta s i c ao tring tiianh khiet, tinh khdi Cym t)"n/im /f/jong/a" chl la mpt each ndi dect/c ta s i c trang (^iJ khdng phai la ttiu nhan nhin khdng Nghien cflu ve loai hinh mdt frao tuu tiio la de hifflj sau s i c hon vempthieri tupng sang tac van hpc va nhflng tac gia, tac pham n i m ti^o luu dd.Tuy nhien, sang tao nghethuat ludn edsudpe dao,cablet eho nen phong each nghettiuat dupc xem nhu ia mpt Heubaihinh Tatnhien la du phong each mang tinh ca nhan, khdng lap lai nhung v i n anh hudng nhflng dac diem chung cua loai hinh trao luu Trong phong frao Thomdi, hda frong am hudng chung ctJa ttidi dai, ttiO van cd nhflng "nghich am" ma TB cua Han Mac Tfl la mot minh ehflng De hieu dupe nhflng sang tac nay, doi phai lan tim ve dac diem baihinh cua ndcung nhuphong each nghettiuateua nha ttio • Tai li€u tham khao Phan Huy DOng Kit cdu tha tra linh (nhln tu gdc d0 loai hinh) Luan an ti^n sT Ng& vSn, Truiyng Dgi h g c s i r p h ^ i m m N O i 1999 NguySn D3ng Di^p Giong di^u thff trd tinb NXB Vdn hpc, H 2002 ' (Xem tiep trang 21) Tqp chi Gido due so 359 Oil - 6/2015) ... nen phong each nghettiuat dupc xem nhu ia mpt Heubaihinh Tatnhien la du phong each mang tinh ca nhan, khdng lap lai nhung v i n anh hudng nhflng dac diem chung cua loai hinh trao luu Trong phong. .. cijruve van hda Huedeu biet, Vy Da frudc ia ttidn ma nhung quan chuc, vien chuc thdi phong kien, Phap ttiudc ve huu sinh song Nha nao cung cd vudn, nhflng khu vudn xinh x i n , dupe cham tia ttiudng... nhuHntf'' va "Da thit, trdioi! Tring ran minh'', Hudng d i n hpc sinh (HS) cam thu bai t h a "Day thdn Vi Da" dt/atren c a s d v a n diing phong each nghe thuat Han hAacTtj(ioai hinh TD) Bai ttio Day