HirONG DAN HOC SINH ON LUYEN VA LAM BAI THI TBUNG HOC PHO THONG QUOC GIA MON LICH SV PGS TS NGUYEN M A N H HUCJNG Abstract Since 2015, the High school graduaiion dnd Enirance university has merged to[.]
HirONG DAN HOC SINH ON LUYEN VA LAM BAI THI TBUNG HOC PHO THONG QUOC GIA MON LICH SV PGS.TS N G U Y E N M A N H HUCJNGAbstract: Since 2015, the High school graduaiion dnd Enirance university has merged to become National High School Examination This change confuses teachers and pupils and requires changes In reviewing and taking examination This article proposes some measures to hetp students get realty to the examination with groups of method in hislory subjecl with aim to gel good result Keywords; guiding pupils review, practice and exdms in Hislory subject, National High School Examination, History subject yvgoy nhdn bdi: 20/03/2016: ngdy stia chua: 24/03/2016: ngdy duyet ddng: 25/03/20/6 I.Thuc hien Quyetdjnh sc3538/QD-BGDOT 09/9/2014^cua Bp trudng Bp GD-DT, nam 2015 nudc ta to' chdc ki thi trung hpc phd'thdng qud'c gia (THPTQG), tich hop hai ki thi (td'tnghiep THPT va tuyen sinh cap dang, dai hpc), nham thuc hien Nghi quyet sc 29-NQ/TW 4/11/2013 ve dpi mdi can ban.tpan dien GD-DT, dp la: "Boimdi can ban hinh thdc va phuang phap Ihl, kiem tra va danh gia ketquaGD-BT, dam bao tnjnp thuc khach quan Viec thi, kiem tra vadanh gia ketqua GD-BT can tdngbddc Iheo cac teu chilien tien dugc xahgi va cgng dong giao due the gidi lin cay va cong nhan" So vdiki thi truyin thd'ng trudc day, ki thi TH PTQG cd niiilu diem mdi: K i t q u a cua kithi se la can cude vda cdng nhan td't nghieu TH PT, vua xeltuyln vap cac trudng dai hpc, cac dang; ki thi dupc tc' chdc mpt each nghiem tuc,dam bao tinhtrangthuc, khach quan, mpi tieu cue nhu: quay cdp, trap dd'i bai se khang cdn ten taL Vivay, mdi hpc sinh (HS) phai nd luc hetminh trpng qua trinh hpc tip,dn iuyen de lam bai bang kiln thuc, nang luc cua ban than Suthay del dadatra chp giap vien (GV)va HS nhdng ban khpan, ttiSc m l c : Ki Ihi nayco die'm gi mdi? Can hudng din HS on luyen nhdng gi? Phuangphaponluyen nhuthenao? Cautrucdethi CO cac dang ciu hoi nao vi cich giai quyel m Si dang ra_saodekhilambaithidatketquatdt?Jdthucmn viec hudng d i n HS dn luyen va true tiep tham gia Cham thituyen sinh men Lichsu{lS) chp tha'y, nhilu HS du yeu thich LS, lua ehpn mdn hpc de'thi nhung lai chua tim phuang phap tipc tap va kT nang lam bai thi hieu qua dung mach ndi dung kien thdc (bam sattheo chuong trinh quy dinh) de dn tap cljng nhuphuflng phap,K nSng dn luyen va larit bai thi dedat ketqua cao Hudng d i n HS dn iuyen va lam bai thi THPTQG mon LS 2.1 Van dung cong thtic "5W-2How" kill on iuyen va lam bai thi Cdng thdc '5)A( - How' la v i i t tSt cua cac "td khda" trpng tieng Anh, gom: What? (su kien (SK) LS j i da xay va nhuthe nap?): li'/7e/7?(vapthdi diem nap?); Who?[QsnU^ vdi - nhan vat, giai cap, tang Idp, td'chdc nao?,,.); Where? {gan vdi dia diem, khcng gian nao?); Kill van dung 4W dn luyen, GV yeu cau HS khong nen may mdc, vi trpng mdt sp trudng hdp SK LS khdng can phai chi tiet, cu the've ngay/thang/nam ma mang "tinh tuong dd'i" Thdi gian cua SK LS rS da dang, cd the duoc tinh b l n g phut (10 gid45 phul 30/4/1975, xetSng vabd binh quan Giaiphdng tien vap Dinh Ddc lap, bStsdng toan bp npi cac chinh quylnSai Gdn); cd theo mua (mua he nam 1920, Nguyin Ai Qud'c dupc tiep xdc vdi Luan cudngcila Lenin ), hpac thap k!, the kl (dau thap ki, cuoirt kl ); ddi lai dung cum td chi tUdng doi "trong nhflng nam", "dau nhflng nam", "cud'i nhi/ng nSm' (nhung nam 20 c i j a t h l k i XX, phcng trap yeu n * d Viet Nam cd hai khuynh hudng chinh trj cung listaija tu san va vd san ) Tuong tu, khdng gian LS dien cd the ia mpt gdc cay da (cdy da Tan Traonoi diln l l xua't quan cua mpt ddn vi Giai phong quan dp VdNguyen Giap chi huy tiln vigiaiphont thj xaThai Nguyen, mddau chp cupc tdng khSnghft thang Tam nam 1945),tai mptcddie'm,canqu;(cii Bai vietnay d l cap hudng dan H S dn luyen va lam bai thi THPTQG mdn LS, giup GV, HS xac djnh * Tnrilng Dai hqc Sir pham ila Nfi 441 Tap chi G i d e due so 381 (kil • ' " ' " ^ ^Illllll diem Dien Bien Phu), vung mien, khu vuc (mien Bac Viet Nam, {(huvLTc Dong Nam A ); Why?{\\ giai vi sao, tai SK LS lai d i l n nhu vay? Xdc la phai binh luan, nhan xet, danh gia, chung minh, giai thich li giai ve SK LS) GV can luu y HS: kien thtic LS luon co hai phan: ' W ' ( n h a n g SK, hien tucfngdadiln quakhu'.du muon hay khong cung khong thay doi du(?c), khong tranh luan, khong hien dai hoa hoac xuyen tac phan "so" (gom 4W fren); luan "(Why?) la phan quan trpng doi vcfi ngircfi hoc, on luyen va lam bai thi LS, diem cua bai thi cao hay thap phu thupc nhi^u vao phan "luan" (khoang 60-70% diem so cua bai thi) Vi du, (khi de cap ve SK Ho Chu tjch Icfi keu gpi toan quoc khang chien), cac em phai li giai dupc vi Dang, Chinh phu ta lai phat dpng khang chien toan quoc chong thi/c dan Phap vao 19/12/1946 ma khong phai la thdi gian khac DT nhien, de "luan" dupc phan "su", cac em can phai ghi nho, xac djnh duoc qua trinh dien cua 4W (khac vol hpc thupc long, thuoc vet) Tren thuc te, khong it HS biet dupc phan "si?', nhung lai khong the giai thich, nhan xet, binh luan dupc SK Vi du: nhieu em nhddupc chien thSngDien Bien Phu ketthuc 7/5/1954, nhung khong the ligiai dupc vi lai gpi day la chien thdng Idn nhat cua quan dan ta khang chien chong Phap (1945-1954) cung thdikf LS Viet Nam la mot bo phan cua LS th§' gicfl, nen se chiu anh huong tac dpn^ nhjjng SK LS thegicfi, dac biet latrong xu thetoan cau hoa hien Trong cac dang de thi, HS se gap cau hoi lien quan g i i ^ LS the gidi va LS dan tpc Vi du: Trinh bay nhung thing iai cua quan Bong minh tdcuoinam 1944 den giua thang 8-1945 va cho biet tac dong cua nhung Mngloidodoivdicacljmang VietNam^ Hoac: Phati tfch hoan canh LS dan den su chuyen hudng dau ctia Dang th