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BOI D i i G N i i i llil; Gijii QBYII VAN of GHO SINH V I I N SO PHAM HOA HOG TROilNG DAI HOC TAY BAG BANG PHODNG PHAP BAY HBG I B DO AN ThS H O A N G TH! BICH NGUYET'''' Theo djnh hudng chi dao cua Bg G[.]
BOI DiiG Niii llil; Gijii QBYII VAN of GHO SINH VIIN SO PHAM HOA HOG TROilNG DAI HOC TAY BAG BANG PHODNG PHAP BAY HBG I B DO AN ThS H O A N G TH! BICH NGUYET' T heo djnh hudng chi dao cua Bg GD-DT, tu nam 2000 den nay, phUOng pliap day hpc (PPDH) lien tuc dUdc doi mdi Da co nhieu PPDH tich cue duoc ap dung dcac cap hpc, bac hpc Tuy nhien, hieu qua cua cac phuong phap phu thupc nhieu vao doi tupng hpc sinh (H S}, trinh dp cua giaovien_(GV)vabanchaldactrungcuam6im6nhpc Tufthuc tien day hoc, chung tdi nhan friay dcac khu vuc mien nui cua l a y BSc, doco Son La,Dien Bien, Lai Chau chat lupng chung cua HS (tru nhung HS hpc chuyen Hoa} doi vdi mon Woa/jpc(HH) la thap, nhieu HS khong hijfng thu vdi mon hpc Chung toi cho rang, nguyen nhan dan den tinh trang tren khong chittrphia HS macon pha keden trach nhiem cuaG V, viec damdi PPDH can dupc van dung dwig loat da vcS caccaphpc,bac hoc thimdicdthecdhieu qua Vivay, ngayttJkhicdn hpc dtrudng supham, viec boi dudng nang luc (NL)vanghiepvusu pham cua sinh vien (SV) sirpharri lavo cung can ttiiet.Day labien phap huu hieu g ^ plian nang cao chat lucmg day hpc (DH),dap imp muc tieu giao due phothong Trong pham vi bai viet, chmgtdiglofthieuketquacua nhom detai chung toi da nghien cuu vathunghiem Tong quan viec day vahpc cua SV s u pham HH Tnrdng Dai hpc l a y Bac Trong nhieu nam gan day, ehait luong giao due phothong noi chung khong cao, dieu anh hudng Idn tdi chat lupng dao tao cua nhieu trudng chuyen nghiep ddeoTrudng Dai hpc Tay BSc Thuc te cho ihay, nhieu SV vao trudng cdn yeu ca kien thu'c chuyen nganh va kha nang giao t i ^ bSng tieng thong, day la yeu to quan trpng anh huomg toi chat lupng dao tao va la han che Idn SV tiep can vdi PPDH tich cue, la nhOng PPDH ddi hoi GV phai cotrinh dp chuyen mdn vQng vang, NL quan li, NL phathien,giai quijetvande va each thue tochdc Idp hpe tot mdi cd the thuc hien dupc De gdp phan khSc phue thuc trang nay, gitip SV ren luySn nhiJng kTnangva phuong phap hpctap phu hpp nhSm giiip ngudi hpc chu dpng finh hdi va bo sung kien thdc chuyen mon, lap dan nhung Id hong (ki • 7/2015) kien thdc cua minh Dong thdi boi dudng cac NL DH CO ban ed NL phathien va giaiquyet van de cho SV, NL khong phai bam sinh da ed ma phai dupc ren luyen, tich luy, diic nit kinh nghiem qua trinh hpe tap va cong tac Ben canh viec cung cap nhungccfsdlithuyetvePPDH tieh cue, chung toi da hudngdInSV sudung mpt so PPDH tich cue dd cd phuong phap day hpc tfieo duan (DHTDAjde soan giaoan.tap giang mptsd'npidungfrong ehuong trinh HH.nhSm giiip SV lam quen va nhanh chong tiep can vdi thuc tien DH dtardng phdthong Phuang phap DHTDA va viec phat trien NL giai quyet v a n d e 2.1.PhuorngphapDHTDA.DUJDA\amqlhhh thde dien hinh cua DH djnh hudng theo hoat dpng, HS thue hien cac nhiem vy phue hpp mpt each tulue, kethpp lithuyet vathuc hanh, duoc gpi la eac du an (DA) hpc tap DHTDA la phai tao mpt san pham, thuc hien mpt van de nghien cuu thdng qua viee giai quyet mptvan de nghien euu Trong DHTDA, cac hoat dpng hpc tap dupc thiet ke mang tinh thiet thuc, lien quan den nhieu finh vuc kien thdc, lay ngudi hoc lam trung tam va gSn kien thdc nha trudng vdi nhdng van de thuc tiln cua the gidi thuc tai DA la mpt bai tap tinh hudng ma ngudi hpc phai giai quyet bSng cac kien thuc theo npi dung bai hpc Hpc theo DA datngudi hpc vao tinh hud'ng cd vain de, nhung viec giai quyet van de ddl hdi sutu luc cao cua ngudi hpc Trong hpe theo DA, HS dupc lua chpn chu de DA, moi ehu de hay chu diem deu bSt dau tuthuctemditrudngnoiHS sdng vahinh nen cam hdng decac em tien hanh DA 2.2 NL giaiquyet van de\a loai NL hanh dpng, duoc the hien bSng kha nang thuc hien cd hieu qua va cd trach nhiem vdi nhirng nhiem vu dat tfiupc cac linh vue khae eupc sdng, xa hpi tren cosdhieu b i ^ , kTnang, kT xao va kinh nghiem cung nhusi/sSn sanghanh dpng NL giai quyetvan dela NL can phat then d HS, chuan bj hanh trang eho * TnangB^ihQcIiy Bac Tqp chi Giao dye so 361 51 ngudl hpc ddi dien, giai quyet nhung van denay sinh cupcsdng NLgiai quyet van degoniNLcliuyen mdn, NL phuong phap, NL xa hpi, NL cathe 2.3 Nguyen tie It/a chgn ngidung kieh Hide dexay dung DA hgc tap chuang trinh HH phothong Dua vao dac diem cua DHTDA, viec lua chpn ndidung kien thdc detochue DHTDA can dam bao cac nguyen tSe sau: - Npi dung lua ehpn dethuc hien phuong phap DHTDA can dam bao muc tieu DH.tinh khoa hpc vatinh thuc t i i n ; - N p i dung DH pha cd su lien ket chat che giua li thuyet va thuc tidn, gan tuduy vdi hanh ddng, gan nhatrudng vdi xa hpi; - Phai phu hpp vdi NL, hdng thii cua HS: Chuyen de DA, mge tieu, yeu eau thuc hien can phu hpp vdi trinh dp, hdng thu cua HS; - Dam bao thdi gian thuc hien DA; - Ndi dung yeu cau thuc hien DA phai phii hpp vdi dieu kien thiet bj ciJa nhatrudng, dia phuong 2J4 Quy trinh thiit kebai day iheo phip DHTDA gom budc (xem hinh): phuang Hinh Ouy tdnhtitUtke tiai day theo phi/dng phap DHTDA 2.5 Hudng din thiet kempt DA nho 2.5.1 Thiet ke DA Y tudng: - Ten DA: Chat dpc mau da cam va hau qua cua nd tronp cupc chien tranh d Viet Nam;-Sd/can/j:Cupc chien tranh d Viet Nam da qua di nhung hau qua ciia nd edn de lai den NhiJng canh ning bj chat dpc tan ptia bdi chat di^t cd (dioxin) da hoi sinh, nhung nhiing ngudi linh trdvexay dung que huong hp laiphai chju ndi dau di chung cua chat dpc mau da cam edn lai co the va hien hien the he nhifrig ngucri con, nhifng than hinh tdn tat, dj dang.bdng vai trd la nha HH nghien cdu ve dpc tinh eua cae d i n xuat hatagen,hayxaydungbaithuyetfrinhvetae hai ciia dioxin va nhung di chdng de lai sau cudc chien tranh d nudc ta de len an cupc chien tranh Hhi vahudng ung chat dpc mau da cam Viet Nam 2.5.1.1 Bg cau hoi dinh liudng: - Ciu hoi khai quat: Chien tranh HH gay nhung tham hpa gi 52 Tqp chi Gido due so 361 cho loai ngudi?; - Ciu h6ibaihoc:+ Chien tranh Viet Nam, D d qudc MT da su'dung hda ehait gi?; + Tae hai cOa hda chat ma MT da s u dyng chien tranh dVietNam?;-Cat//ia/7d/rfi/nff;+Thanh phan cua chatdpc mau da cam? Cong thdc phan td va ten goi cua Chung?;+Dpe tinh cua chat dpc mau da cam dioxin?; + Oe qudc MTdung chat ddc mau da cam de lam gi? Chiing sudung dvung mien nao d Viet Nam?; + Chatdpc mau da cam gay tac hai gicho ngudidan Viet Nam?; + M d i trudng dat,nudc d viing cd ehat dpe dioxin bi d nhidm the nao?; + To chdc xa hpi tien bp MTva Viet Nam da lam gi de kh^e phuc hau qua nay?; + Nhutig khuyen cao nao dupc dua radengan ehan viec sudyng chat dpc vao mye dich chien tranh huy diet loai ngudi 2.5.1.2 Tht/c hien DHTDA: - Hoatddng 1: + Xac dinh muc tieu bai hpc va gidi thieu y tudng DA; + Neu cau hoi khai quat cho HS thao luan de kich thich thu hpc tap cua cac em; - Hoatdgng2: Tim hieu kien thdc HS trudc thuc hien DA (Hoat dpng 1,2: D u d j n h thuc hien vdng 10 phut eudi gid tuan tardc H S bao cao san pham DA); - Hoatdgng 3: HS chia nhdm, lap kehoach thuc hien DA cd s u tu van eija GV HS thue hien hoat dpng dnha va gdi cho GV gdp y; - Hoatdgng 4: HS tidn hanh thuc hien DA d n h a trorig tuan theo ke hoach da dat HS su dung phieu phan cdng, danh gia cac vien nhdm dedanh giaqua trinh lam viec ciia ban than va cac ban nhom; G V theo doi, gdp y cho cac nhdm va dien vao phieu danh giaqua trinti thuc hien DA de danh gia sutien bp eua nhdm, tirng ca nhan HS va c d s u dieu chinh ddi tupng, dieu chinh DA phii hpp GV diing email hay diin dan de theo doi cdng viec va nhan phan hoi tu HS Ngoai ra, GV can xem xet tinh l