Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
vVe the hien noi dung cd ban va gia trj cot loi cua chien thang Ijch sir Dien Bien Phu trong sach giao khoa pho thong hien nay KIEU THE Hl/NG* Tr o i ^ Iich stt n h i n loai, cd nhuhg stt kien ma thbi[.]
vVe the hien noi dung cd ban va gia trj cot loi cua chien thang Ijch sir Dien Bien Phu sach giao khoa thong hien K I E U T H E Hl/NG* r o i ^ Iich stt n h i n loai, cd nhuhg stt kien ma thbi giaii cang lui xa tM g i i tri cua nfi cing toa sang CMe'n t h i n g Uch stt Dien Bign Phu l i mfit nhi&ig stt kign nhtt vgy Sau mtttfi nam d i trfii qua, cMdn thang Hch stt Dien Bien Phu vfin mai lfi ban anh ca bfii hu, trd thfinh bieu tflpng cua m i m tin, n i i m kifiu h a n h va tfl hfio ciia nhieu the' he Nhtthg co mgt van dl dat l i , ng'u nhtt d i cfi mfit vi tri xflng dfing Iich stt oai himg ciia dan tfie v i gM diu i n d i m ngt vao tidn trinh phat trien ciia Iich suf n h a n loai the ki XX, tM cMen t h i n g Hch stt Dign Bien Phu da dtttfc thttc Mgn nhtt thg' n i o day hpc Hch stt, hay noi mpt each k h i c , day hpc Uch stt cf trfldng thfing Men nay, sfl kien lich stt tieu bilu ay da dfltfc khai thfic tfldng xutag vdi gifi tri thcfi dai ciia nfi hay chtta? T Khai t h i c gia tri cua kig'n thttc Uch stt lfi vfi'n de ldn va bao ham nMlu nfii dung, of day chung tfli cM t i p trung xem xet chu yg'u d Sfich giao khoa Uch stt phd thfingmpt nhflng yg'u to' cd a n h httdng trpc tig'p tdi chat Ifltfng day hpc lich stt' v i cung I i vi'n de dang dfltfc xa hdi dac bidt quan tam, nhfl l i mfit nhflhg trpng t i m cua nhigm vu ddi mdi can ban v i toan dign nen gifio due \ ^ e t Nam Men Trfldc tign phai k h a n g dinh nhuhg cd gang khfing nho cua cic n h i ngMen cttu, cic n h i stt pham bign soan chtttfng trinh, saeh giao khoa v i dpi ngu dong dao cfic thay cfl giio kM day hpc v l cMen t h a n g lich stt Dign Bien Phu sudt nhiJtag n i m qua Nhtthg nhflng thay dli eiia dcd sdng xa hpi va ydu clu ciia sU ngMep ddi mdi, d i d i t ydu clu phai co eieh ti^p e i n mdi, d i y du hon, khaeh quan hdn, sau sac hoh, khai thae cic gifi tri cfl't loi ciia cMen t h a n g Hch stt Dign Bign Phij day hpc lich stt d trttbng phd thfing Mgn Vdi cich t i l p ein nhtt viy, chung toi xin m a n h dan gdp them mfit y kig'n d l cac n h a ngMen ettU va cac ban ddng ngMgp cung t h a m khao KM Dai tttdng Vo Nguyen G i i p ttt tran, nMeu ngttbi khfing khoi b i n khofin bii't rang, tfin tudi cua Dai tfldng dflpc the Mgn rat mb n h a t Sich giao khoa lich stt phd thfing, d i e bigt l i nhiJng stt kign lich stt tieu bilu nhtt cMg'n thing lich stt Dign Bien Phu Stt mP nhat tgn tudi cua Dai tttfing - vi Tong Ttt ldnh v i "ngflbi anh ca" cua Quan dpi N h a n d i n Vi^t Nam - nhflhg sfl kign nhfl thg', da d l lai mpt khoang trdng rat khd khoa l i p tiong trfii tim cua h i n g trifiu ngttbi lufin ngflSng mfi Dai tfldng ' PGS.TS Kilu The Hflng, Khoa Lich stt, TrU&ng Dai hoc Su pham Hfi Nfii Kieu Thi Hung - Vi thJ hi$n npi dung cdbdn vd nhihig gid trj cdt loi Tuy nMgn, van d l lai khdng chi dflhg tai d dd, bdi nhfin dip ki mem 60 nam diil'n t h l i ^ lich stt Di$n Bien Phu, kM nhin lai Sich gifio khoa lich s^ phd thfing, theo chtti^ tfii, cbn nMlu npi dung r i t ctf ban v i cdt loi cua stt Mgn Iich stt vi dai dfi khfii^ dtttfc ^ cip, hoic d l cip chtta tttdhg xtthg v i chtta ngang t i m vdi vi tri vdn cfi cua stt kign ay lich stt 61 gifio khoa l i t i i Ugu khoa hpc nh£t, chinh t h d i ^ nhat, hg thdng n h i t , ctf ban nhat v i dfltfng nhien l i quan t r p i ^ nhat t^a ca t h i y v i trb O trttbng phd thfing, t i i ligu mfi hpc sinh til^p xuc d^u tien va chu yeu I i sich giio khoa Sich giio khoa cdng I i tfii Hgu Ctf ban d l hoc sinh ttt hpc, ttt lam cic bfii t i p nhfin thttc Do dfi, sfich giio khoa phai t h i Mfin dfldc nhOhg npi dung cfl ban cua stt kign, trgn cd sd mot he thdng ttt Ueu phong phu va sinh dfing, du d l khai thfic dttpc nhiJng gia tri ctf ban cua stt kien lich stt iy Vdi mfit dung Ittdng kien thttc nhtt thd, that khfi kich tMch dttpc httng thd hpc t i p Iich stt cua hpc sinh, mpt van de dang dttpc coi l i dilm nhan quan trpng vfi CO anh httdng trttc tiep tdi chat Ittpng day hpc Uch stt ct trttbng phd thfing Mfin Liu nay, day hpc Iich stt, thttbng dl tha'y mfit Mgn tttdng b i t cip, dfi l i dung Ifltfng k i l n thflc qua nMlu, nhflhg vdi cMen thing lich stt Dign Bidn Phu, dttbng nhtt lai l i ngfldc lai: Sach gifio khoa lich stt phd t h d i ^ vilt v l cMg'n dieh Hch stt Dign Bien Phu qua ngan gpn, neu khfing mufi'n noi l i qua sd sii Mfit stt kign lieh stt "Lttag liy nfim chfiu, c h l h dfing dia clu" nhtt cMen dich Iich stt Dign Bien Phu, cM cMlm chtta Tuy nMen, van de dfit khfing cM d day ni3fa trang sich gifio khoa lich suf lorp dung Ittpng kie'n thttc, mfi quan tipng hffn v i hdn mgt trang Sfich giio khoa Iich stt lfi dung Itttfng kig'n thttc ay da dij d l khai Ifip 12 Sd Ifldng ay cM g i n nhfl tfldng thfic hg't nhiJng gifi tri vdn cfi ciia cMdn dttong sfi' tiang Sich gifio khoa kM viet vl t h i n g Hch stt Di^n Bien Phu hay chtta? Cfi cMen dich Vigt B i c thu - dfing n i m 1947 the dilm qua may vmi dl sau diy: hofic cMg'n dich Bien gidl thu - dong 1950 Mpt Id, mfit nhtthg muc tifiu quan Cl hai chie'n dich n i y r i t quan trgng, trgng vfi cung Ifi gifi tri c6t Ifii cua cMln nhuhg xfit tren nMeu phfldng dign, khdng t h i n g Iich stt Dign Bign Phu, Ifi phfii khing t h i so sfinh dttpc vfii cMg'n dich Uch stt dinh dtttfc stt dung d i n v i sang tao tiong Dign Bign Phu Stt cfi dpng lfi c i n tMet, dflbng Ifi'i linh dgo cua Dang Lao dflng Vigt nhflhg mpt b i i vilt qufi cfi dpng nhtt thg', Nam vfi qua dd cung co' mem tin vfio sfl khfi cfi t h i khai thfic hg't dfltfc gifi tri cua Ifinh dao cua Dang cho hpc sinh Rit tide, sfl ki^n lich stt dfl'i vdi hpc smh, nhat Ifi sich gifio khoa, dieu quan trpng nfiy, dilu kign hign nay, kM mfi cic sfl dfi dfltfc the Men, nhflhg cbn sfl sai, ki^n cflng loai dang nggp trfin trgn cac tiiig'u day du v i rfi net Nfii dung htfn, sach phttflhg tign thfing tin dai chung, vdi cfich gifio khoa chfla till Mgn diy du vfi sau sic t h i M§n phong phu, Iai dfltfc chuyen tai sfl dung d i n v i tfii tinh ciia Dang Ifla thfing qua hg thfi'ng cfic phfltfng tign vfi chpn tiin "Quyg't cMen cMen Ifltfc", vdi cfing ngh§ t m y l n thfing Mgn dai "Diem hgn Uch sfl" Ii Dign Bign Phu Tham VIn bie't r i n g , ben canh sich giio khoa, cM, quylt dinh thay ddi phfltfng chfim tfie vin cbn du loai t i i Hgu tham khao, cbn cMg'n, ttt "Dinh nhanh, t h i n g nhanh", sfich hfldng dan, d i e bi$t l i vai trb rat sang "Dinh chic, tig'n chic"- m^t quyet quan trpng cua dpi ngfl gifio vien gifiu tam dinh cfi y nghia quyet dinh tfii t h i n g Itfi cua huyg't vfi nM§t tinh s i n g tao Nhflng sich cMg'n dich Hch stt Dign Bign Phu, d i khfing 62 Nghien cim Dong Nam A 7/2014 Ba Id, sich giao khoa cdng chtta co mpt dfltfc de cfip tdi Htfn ntta, d i y cbn la c^vyit dinh gan Uln vdi thien tai quin sfl cua Dai dbng nao nhac tdi stt M sinh vfi cung to Idh tfldng Vo Nguygn Giip - vi tttdng t i i ba da ciia qufin va d i n ta eMd'n dich lich sQ" trd thfinh huyen thoai, dtttfc ea nhan loai Dien Bien Phii Hang van ngflbi da M ngfldng mfl vfi la niem ttt h i o a i a n h i n d i n sinh, hoac de lai mpt phan m i u xfldng cho Viet Nam, mfit diem n h a n rat quan trpng cMen t h i n g Dien Bign, vdl nhflhg tain ciia ban ca Dign Bien Phu Mfit quyet gfldng cMen di'u anh dung nhfl Be Van dinh Iich stt nhtt thg', da khflng dfltfc the D i n , nhtt La Vfin Cau, nhtt Phan Dinh Men sach giio khoa Cd t h i nfii, viec Giot - nhuiig cfii tdn da trd t h i n h m i m ttt bo qua quylt dinh thay doi phfltfng cham hao v i tain gfltfng s i n g eho tudi tre Vigt tac cMg'n va gan Uen voi quye't dinh lieh stt Nam sufi't nhieu thg' hg Dd chinh lfi ay lfi tgn tudi eua Dai tflflng Vo Nguygn nhflng chuhg n h i n cua lich sd, vfi cung nhd Giip sich giao khoa Hch stt phd d sfl M sinh vfi gia eua h i n g van ngttbi thfing, khfing cM la van de cua khoa hpc, nhtt the', mdi l i m nen mfit "Vinh hoa do" cua tinh cam, ma cbn l i mfit khoang mpt "TMen suf ving", l i m ngn mpt Dien trfi'ng, mpt ban che va tMeu sdt khfing nho, Bign "LiJng lay n a m chiu, c h i n dfing dia khai thfic nhflhg gia tri cfl't loi ciia cMeh clu" Tat ca stt M sinh ldn lao nhtt thg' da thang Hch stt Dien Bien Phu day hpc khfing he dfltfc nhac tdi sfich giao khoa Uch stt phd thong lieh stt Mgn Hai Id, vai trb va sttc manh to Ion cua nhfin dan- mgt nhflng nhan tfl' quye't dinh cua cMe'n t h i n g Uch stt Dien Bign Phii - cung dfldc the Men rat mb nhat, vdi nhttng so rat khfl khan Ngflbi ta khfing thay bfing dang ciia hfing chue van bfi dfii, nien xung phong, d i n cfing hoa tuye'n, khong thay nhuhg xe, nhuhg phao, nhttng "binh doan xe dap thd", nhflng doan qufin "khoet nui ngu h i m , mUa dim ctfm vfit", vdi "mau trpn bun non, gan khong nung chi khfing mon", nhttng doin quan da ba't chap dan bom, ba't chi'p sufi'i sau, deo cao, xe dpc mien Tay Ble digp diep trung trting, de tie'n len giai phfing Dign Bign Dttbng len Dien Bien thttd ay thflc stt da la mpt nhttng ban anh ea tran hfio nhat Uch stt cac cupc chie'n tranh giai phfing cua nhfin dan vfi quan dpi nhan d i n Vigt Nam Ro rang, mgt vai sfl' Ueu ve ngttbi va vO kM da ngu sach giao khoa, ri't quan tipng v i cin thie't, nhflng chtta du de the hign mflt ban anh ca nhtt viy Ciing can noi them rang, vigc tranh nfii v l ton that, M sinh khflng cH co ct CMg'n t h i n g lich stt Dign Bien Phii, m i liu nay, da trd t h a n h Men tfltfng bie'n Sich giio khoa lieh stt p h i thfing Day la van d l cua mfit quan diem can phai dtttfc thay ddi Quan diem dd cd the dung va can tMe't nhOhg giai doan lich stt nhat dinh v i phu hpp voi vile thttc Men nhttt^ nMgm vu chinh tri nha't dinh, ehtt khong the la mgt quan d i l m n h i i qufin vfi dai lau ngMen cttu vfi day hpc lich su: hign Da dg'n luc phfii tra lai cho lich stt nhttng gia tri nguyen ban ciia nfi Tdn that, mat mat v i M sinh cMg'n tranh khong bao gid Iim ma't di gifi tri cua cMln t h i n g , mfi trai lai, no lufln Ifim sau sac thgm gia tri ciia chie'n t h i n g ay Vinh quang cua dan tpc khflng cM dtttfc dttng xiy tfl nhuhg cMen t h i n g , mfi cbn dttpc xay dap boi sfl M sinh vfl gifi cua Ifirp Ibp cfic thg' hg cha ong Hay tra lai eho thg' he trh nhttng gia tri c h i n thttc ay- trttdc het li Sach giao khoa lich stt phd thfing - Kiiu Thi Hung - Vi the hi$n n0i dung ccr bdn vd nhitng gid tri cdt loi de hp khfing cM b i i i s d i ^ tfl h i o , m i cbn lufin bi^t sdng cfi trfich nM^m vdi nhflhg M sinh vo gia ay ctia cha dng NhOhg gifi tri cdt Ifii nhtt ihi, chac chan khflng t h i l i n g qugn v i bo qua day hpc Iich stt d trubng phd thfing Mfin 63 djng khong nen hofi ddng qua siu cMen t h i n g lich stt Dien Bign Phu vio cic stt Mgn Bdi cMen t h i n g Iich stt Dign Bien Phu la stt kien tieu bilu v i ndi b i t khfing cM khang cMen chdng Phap, ma cbn la mgt nhflhg stt kien tifiu bilu v i noi b i t Iich stt dau tranh giai phong cua Bin Id, stt ung hfi ciia qudc te vdi Viet Nam, n h i n td quan trpng gfip p h i n l i m nhan dan ^^gt Nam, mfit stt kign da di vfio ngn cMlii t h l i ^ Iich stt Dien Bien Phu, lich stt nhtt mfit Bach Dang, mot CM Ling, cung chtta dttpc n h i c tdi Sfich giao mpt Ddng Da oai himg cua dan tdc, v i xa khoa Uch stt phd thfing Nfii d d i ^ hdn, ngi hdn nflia, Iich n h i n loai, Dign Bign dung n i y cM dttpc nhac tdi kM nfii v l Phii cbn lfi stt kign cua t h i M, sfl Men mang t^iiygn n h i n thang lpi v i y nghia lich stt t i m vdc thbi dai Do khflng cM lfi cfii mflc cua cufic k h i n g cMIri chfi'ng Phfip (1945 - quan tipng ciia Uch stt d i n tfie, mfi cbn lfi 1954), vdi mfit ciu nhgn dinh ngan gpn, stt kien cfi tfie dpng va anh hfldng quan mfi trttdc dfi khfing h i dttpc t h i Mgn bang trgng dg'n tig'n trinh p h i t triln ciia Uch stt n h i n loai Vfii mfit vi the nhtt thg', cMen cfic ttt Ugu Hch stt cu t h i t h i n g lich stt Dign Bign Phu cin tMg't va N&m Id, sich giio khoa khfing nhflng ngn cfi mpt vi tri xflng dfing hon cau khfing d l mpt p h i n rigng, ma c u i ^ chia co true cua Sfich gifio khoa Iich stt phd thfing, dbng nfio nfii v l nguygn n h i n t h i n g ldi vfi cimg nhfl trang thflc tien dgy hpc Uch stt d y lich stt cua chinh cMen t h i n g lich stt Dign trttbng phd thfing Mgn Bign Phu Nfii dung hdn, sfich cM nfii vl f Sdu Id, hg tho'ng cau hfii sfich giio nghia kM vilt chung vdi cube tien cfing cMin Ittpc Dfing - Xufin 1953 - 1954, vdi khoa cung tMgn ve dinh httdng ndi dung nhttng dbng sfl sfii v i tap chung chu ye'u v l m i dflbng nhtt chtta cd cau hoi nfio de cip m i t quin stt Dilu n i y cfi t h i do, Sich den gifi tri nhan thttc cua stt kign, tttc vi^c giio khoa Hch stt phd thfing, cMin t h i n g nhan thttc cMln t h i n g Iich stt EK^n Bien lich stt Di^n bign phu dttpc x^p d vi tri r i t Phu cfi y nghia nhfl thl^ nfio ddi vdi vigc bdi kMlm tdn Stt M^n chin dpng dia clu ay d i dttbng nhfin cich hpc sinh Diy cfi the coi khfing dfltfc cfi'u trdc lfi rapt bii rigng, m i lfi mpt nhttng kMg'm khuylt phd biln chi l i mpt phan, mfit mue cua mpt bii v i d l thi'y Sfich gifio khoa lich stt phd chuSi cic b i i cda cudc k h i n g cMe'n ehd'ng thfing vfi p h i n nfio dfi tiong day hpc lich stt Phfip Vi khflng la mpt bfii rieng, nen vigc Men nay, kM mfi day hpc Iich stt thubng thi Mgn f nghia eung nhfl nguygn n h i n ngMgng v l dinh httdng npi dung, tttc l i thing lpi cua stt ki^n n i y theo cau true n ^ g n g v l day cfii gi? Hpc cii ^ ? M i chi^ that chu trpng d i n day kien thttc dfi d l Iim thdng thttbng, l i rat khfi k h i n gi v i hpc kien thttc dfi d l Iam ^ ? Cic stt kign cfi mdi quan hg chfit che vfi De giai quyet dttpc v l h dl quan trgng khfing t h i t i c h rbi, nhflhg m6i sfl kign lai cfi tlnh ddc l|[p v i vi tri r i t rigng Khflng nfiy, c i n phai gili quye't dfltfc nhOhg vin thi tfich cMen t h i n g lich stt Dign Bien Phu de H luan Hen quan d i h kien thflc Iich stt khfii cuOc tig'n c6ng cMlii Ittdc Dong - Xuan v i gii tri cua kien thttc lich stt, ciing nhtt 1953 - 1954 cung nhtt cudc k h i n g cMen vigc khai thfic gii tri ciia kien thttc lich stt chfihg thpc d i n P h i p 1945 - 1954, nhttng day hoc 64 Nghiin cim Dong Nam A 7/2014 Kig'n thttc lich stt v i g i i tri eiia kig'n ma l i ddt len ct mfit ngpn Ida, nhfl nhfi thttc Hch stt la hai van de cfi mo'i quan he giao due ndi ti&ig Uyliam Batd Dit da noi! CMen t h i n g Uch stt^ Dign Bien Phu co m i t tMg't nhttng khfing ddng nhat Stt lam l l n hoac ddng nhat gitti hai k h i i mem nhflhg gia tri cd ban v i cdt loi Dfi l i vai nfiy, cfi the lfi mfit nhiJng nguyen tro lanh dao tai tinh cua Dang v i Chu tich nhan ctf ban d i n dg'n stt h a n chg' va thui Hd CM Minh; L i ban lanh, tri tug v i tMgn chot hflhg thu hpc t i p lich stt cua hpc sinh tai q u i n stt cua Dai tttdng Vo Nguygn Gifip Tham cM, day co t h i la mot nhuhg Cling nhtt cua dfii q u i n b i c h cMg'n bich nguyen nhan s i u xa va ctf ban, d i n den t h i n g - Qufin dfli N h i n d i n Viet Nam; Lfi nhCtag han che v i b i t cap day hpc sflc manh dcfi non lap bien cung nhfl sfl M Hch stt Men nay, kM m i hpc sinh phai sinh vo cung to ldn cua quan chung nhfin nhd, phai thupc qua nhieu, ma khdng chu dan, ciia cac anh hiong, Uet si; La stt giup trpng de'n gia tri cua kie'n thflc ay, tttc vigc dd qui bau va Meu qua cua cac nttdc anh em vfi cua n h a n dan yeu chugng h o i binh hpc v i thupc kie'n thttc ay de lam gi? Kien thttc lich stt, du dtttfc phan i n h trgn thg' gidi; Lfi t i c dflng cd y nghia thbi dttdi nhOhg gfic dfi v i mtte dp khac nhau, dai ciia cMg'n t h i n g Uch stt Dign Bign Phu nhuhg no deu cfi nhiJng dilm chung, dd la ddl vdi tieh trinh p h i t trien ctia lieh sijf phai dat tdi nhOhg gia tri nhfit dinh Dfi la dan tpc cOng nhtt Hch stt n h i n loai Do lfi p h i n tinh nha't cua sfl kign, la gia tri nhflhg gia tri ed ban, gia tri cdt loi, l i tii cfl't loi, gop p h i n hinh t h i n h v i bdi dflbng san tinh than vfi g i i giao due H phim chat cua ngflbi c h i n chinh vfii tfldng va n i i m tin, giio due pham chat vfi dung nghia cQa ttt dfi Hpc cai gi eung viy, n h i n each cho hpc sinh, ma day hpc lich siJf cufi'i cung phai tra ldi dttpc cau hoi: hpc de phai hfldng tfii Dfi cung l i mue tigu cao ca Ifim gi? KM tra Ibi cau hoi nay, ng'u danh nha't, l i n i i m vinh dfl ldn lao nhat eua ddi ddng lich stt vdi cac mfln khoa hpc khac, ngu nhOtag ngflbi dam n h i n trpng trich ve nhat la cac mfin khoa hpc ttt nMgn, tM day vang nghien cttu vfi day hpc vl cMen hpc Iich stt de bi tam thttbng hoa, thttc t h i n g Hch stt Dien Bign Phu trttbng phd dung boa Bdi kig'n thttc lich stt, chii yg'u thfing Mgn nay./ khfing giup ngflbi giai quyg't nhflng VEUI dl thflc dung hang Lich stt thufic cac mfin khoa hpc xa hpi, do gia tri cua kie'n thttc lich stt la phan h i n tdng hdp nhan each cua mfli ngttbi Dd I i pham chat cua U tttdng va mem tin, cua xiic cam nhan vfin tiong sang, ciia tfl lich stt, cua ban Iinh xtt U cac vi'n de ddi sfi'ng xa hpi, mfi ban linh i y dflpc hinh t h i n h ttt kinh ngMem dflpc rut tfl cMnh qua trinh nhan thflc lich stt Viec nhan thflc kie'n thttc lich stt, du nhieu hay it, du d gfic nao v i mflc dp nao, cufii cung eung phai dat tdi vfi httong tdi nhttng gifi tri nhfl viy Bdi day hpc khong phai la day mpt eii binh, TAI LIEU THAM K H A O B6 Gifio due vfi Dao tao, 2013 Lich sd 9, Nxb Gifio due Viet Nam, HN Bg Giao due vfi Dao tao, 2013 Sdd Bd Giao due vfi Dfio tao, 2008 Lich sd 12 ndng cao, Nxb Gifio due Vigt Nam, HN Hd CM Minh, 2000 Todn tdp, tfip 7, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, HN Vo Nguyen Giap, 2000 Dien Biin Phd - diim hen lich sd, Nxb Quan ddi Nhan dfin HN ... yeu I i sich giio khoa Sich giio khoa cdng I i tfii Hgu Ctf ban d l hoc sinh ttt hpc, ttt lam cic bfii t i p nhfin thttc Do dfi, sfich giio khoa phai t h i Mfin dfldc nhOhg npi dung cfl ban cua... dfit khfing cM d day ni3fa trang sich gifio khoa lich suf lorp dung Ittpng kie''n thttc, mfi quan tipng hffn v i hdn mgt trang Sfich giio khoa Iich stt lfi dung Itttfng kig''n thttc ay da dij d l khai... Bign Phu trttbng phd dung boa Bdi kig''n thttc lich stt, chii yg''u thfing Mgn nay. / khfing giup ngflbi giai quyg''t nhflng VEUI dl thflc dung hang Lich stt thufic cac mfin khoa hpc xa hpi, do gia