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II CONG NGHE DAY HQC CONG NGHE DAY HOC TRUC TUYEN THEO TIEP CAN OINH HUONG NGL/OI HOC • • ThS Nguyin Thi Htfong Giang Tru&ng Dgi hgc Bdch khoa Hd npi SUMMARY Online learning has begun since the years[.]
II CONG NGHE DAY HQC CONG NGHE DAY HOC TRUC TUYEN THEO TIEP CAN OINH HUONG NGL/OI HOC • • ThS Nguyin Thi Htfong Giang Tru&ng Dgi hgc Bdch khoa Hd npi SUMMARY Online learning has begun since the years of 1990 and now the number of online learners increa highly because there are available accesses,flexibleand convinient enviroment in online learning Ho there are many difficulties for changing the form of teaching from face-to-face teaching to online one which, designing an online course adaptive to every learner is one of the most interests Then, this p proposes the concept ofonline teaching technology, analyses the requirements ofonline learning enviro adaptive to learners Keywords: E-learning, online learning, online educational technology, learning styles, adaptive l environment Ngdy nh^ bdi: 19/8/2014; Ng^ duy^ ddng: 30/8/2014 \ Cdng nghf dgy hpc trye tuyIn DHTT, nhim vfn dyng nhtog qui luft eua tim li hpc, /./ Dgy hgc trifc tuyin: dgy hpc fryc tuyln giio dye hpc, tic dOng vio ngudi hpc trye tuyIn (DHTT) li hinh thftc dgy hpc tfch hpp eie tog dyng (NHTT), tgo ndn mOt nhin cich xic dinh efta CNTT&TT vio vife phto phdi eie bii hpc thdng Nhu v^y, qui trinh DHTT theo tilp efn edng qua Internet ngj^^ pj^^} ^^jj^ ^^Q g^^ nguyfn tie thing nhit gifta: Ngiy nay, mgng Internet vi eie dich vy ciia nd tfnh khoa hpc vi tfnh cdng nghf, tfnh thi vi da biing nd vi ed sin frong mpi hogt dOng xa hOi, tinh hifu qua, tfnh tuin thft nguyfn tic vdi tinh dfc dd ed giio dye Do dd, cie ldp hpc ed thi sft i^p stog tgo Nhftng nguyfn tie niy sg thilt Igp dyng Internet vi eie phuang tifn difn tft Mft ldp cie mdi quan hf gifta ba thinh phin phuang tifn hpc sft dyng hinh thftc DHTT hay khdng phy thuOe ^ DHTT, phuang phip DHTT vi ky ning DHTT theo vio ba tigu chf co bin: Mfte dO tniyin tii kiln thftc quy lufit "vdi mii nhifm vy hay edng vife cin lim, qua Internet (thdng qua chign lupc/phuong phip su cd thi xic dinh dupe mOt tfp hpp phuang tifn vi phgm dMqo, thilt kl); Ty If hpc lifu difn tft dupe phuong phip cho kl ntog sft dyng phuang tifn sft dyng khda hpc (hpc bing phuang tifn dgy vi phuang phip dgt mifc tii thilu cin thilt dim bio hpc hifn dgi); Mfte dO linh dOng vl khdng gian, thdi ja sg thi, Nlu kl ning dd cing thuin thyc, tdi gian gifta thiy vi trd (mdi tmtog dgy hpc) Cin mfte kl xio hoic tdi mfte sing tgo, thi cing ed thi eft vio ba tifu chf niy, Allen cho ring trudng hpc lim tit Tfte li hifu qua sg cao (theo nghTa eua tigu cd thi cung eip cic khda hpc trye tuyln (KHTT) chf da dinh) tdi mfte ed thi eii tiln phuang tifn theo nhilu cich thftc khic nhu: khda hpc giip vi phuang phip hifn ed hoic gdp phin phit minh, mit dya trfn web (ty If nOi dung dupe phin phii sing ehl phuang tifn vi phuang phip mdi Tfp hpp TT khoing tft 1% tdi 29%), khda hpc kit hpp giip phuang tifn vi phuang phip mdi, vdi kT ning tic mit vi TT (ty If tft 30% tdi 79%), KHTT (ty If tft nghifp tdi thilu ein thilt mdi, cho phdp dgt mfte 80% trd Ign) MOt khda hpc dupe gpi li KHTT kha thi mdi, cao ban trude Trong DHTT, mdi quan ty If cie nfi dung hpc t$p dupe phan phdi TT qua hf niy dxigc md ti nhu sau: Vl mit v$t ly, phuong tifn DHTT dupe phin Internet phai tft 80% trd Ifn 1.2 Cdng ngh$ DHTT: V$n dyng quan dilm thinh hai ting ca bto: ting li eie da phuang tifn vl edng nghf DH, ed thi dinh nghTa edng nghf (hay cdn gpi li mulitoedia) nhu vin bin (text), im DHTT nhu sau: Cdng nghf DHTT li mOt hf thing (audio), hinh toh tTnh, hogt hinh, phim, trd phuang tifn DHTT, phuang phip DHTT vi kl ning choi, md phdng mang thdng tin vl nfi dung hpc • TAP CHf THI&TBIGlAO DMC-sd 109-9/2014 CONG NGHE DAY HOC tip Da phuang tifn cd thi coi li nhtog thinh phin thdng tin hat nhto efta mdi bai hpc; ting li cic dich vu Internet dk truyin tii thdng tin tdi ngudi hpc nhu Thu difn tft, trang web, diln dto, tin nhin, xem phim TT, mang xi hOi, hOi nghi TT Nlu day hpc truyen thing, GV truyen tii nOi dung hpc tip true tilp thi DHTT, phuang tifn day hpc vfta chira dyng nOi dung hpc tgp, vto thay thi ehftc ning truyin tii nOi dung cua GV tdi ngudi hpc Cd thi ndi, hf thing phuang tifn DHTT ddng mpt vai trd thilt ylu mdi trutog hoc tap TT, Ijdi nd vfta li phuang tifn, vto tich hpp phuang phip theo quan digm day hpc truyin thing Vife cung cip cic da phuang tifn bing dich vy Internet dugc tiln hinh qua cic hogt dOng hpc tip, dupe thilt kl nhim hutog tdi ngudi hpc Cic hogt dOng hpc tgp li eie thinh phin dupe ciu tnie su phgm mOt bii hpc TT Cie bii hpc TT dupe tdng hpp lai thinh mOt KHTT theo nhtog chiln lupe su phgm cy thi Qui trinh kit hpp trdn dupe thilt kl dya vio myc tigu efta khda hpc, cie die trung efta ngudi hpc, die dilm khoa hpc cua nOi dung cin truyin tii Dd chinh li bto chit efta phuang phip DHTT Vi vfy, phuang phip DHTT ed thi hilu li phuang phip thilt kl eie da phuong tifn, cich thftc sft dyng eie djch vy Internet dl truyin tii nOi dung tdi NHTT vi li cie chiln lupe su phgm dk td ehftc mOt KHTT DHTT li mOt logi hinh dich vy Internet tog dyng giio dye, cie ky ning DHTT mang nhtog die trung rigng, phft hpp vdi NHTT vi dip tog mdi trutog tog dyng ICT Do dd, ky ning DHTT li cie ky ntog sft dyng vi thilt kl phuang tifn dgy hpc hifn dgi, ky ntog sft dyng cic djch vy Internet chia se kiln thftc, ky ning dgy - ty hpc Tft nhtog CO sd ly lugn vi cdng nghf DHTT Ufn, giup dinh hutog ngudi hpc TT dit nhtog yfu ciu khic bift thilt kl cie KHTT, tgo ndn nhtog die Uung CO bto ciia edng nghf DHTT theo tilp e$n dinh hutog ngudi hpc Tilp egn djnh hudmg ngudi hpc DHTT 2.1 Doi v&i phuang phdp DHTT Mic dii hd Up cic die tinh ci nhin hda nguM dtog vl dja dilm, thdi gian, ddi tupng nhung cic KHTT dupe dinh gii cdn thilu tinh thich tog chia se nOi dung, tii lifu hpc tip NHTT li ngudi hpc II da dang vl trinh df, bdi viy cic khda hpc Ichdng thi qui kbit khe vl ygu ciu trinh dO ddi vdi ngudi tham gia KHTT Cic khda hpc cin dupe phit triln dl cho phdp "ai cd nhu ciu hpc diu dugc thda man" Cd thi ndi mpi ngudi diu cd thi tham gia khda hpc hp cd nguyfn vpng Do dd cic KHTT phai cd phuang phip truyin tii nfi dung thich tog vdi ttog ddi tupng ngudi hpc Hpc tip TT ddi hdi phii tiln hinh phto logi ngudi hpc Tuy nhign, dl phit trign cic chiln lupe djnh hutog NHTT phii lya chpn cic md hinh gin vdi die tinh efta NHTT (dya trgn cie die trung tim ly, dOng lye vi ky ning xa hOi , tuong tic ftgn mgng), Theo Margaret Martinez, md hinh dinh hutog hpc tip LOM li mOt md hinh dupe xiy dyng dya trgn nhtog nghign eto vl NHTT, Vi vgy, md hinh LOM hoto toto phu hpp dl dl xuit cic phuang phip DHTT theo tilp ein dinh hutog ngudi hpc, 2.2 vi phuang ti^n DHTT Nhtog tyu efta cdng nghf thdng tin vi truyin thdng di dem din cho ngudi nhtog sto phim da phuang tifn hip din, nhtog djch vy Internet phong phft, da dgng, Tuy nhign, mdi ngudi cd nhtog thdi quen, sd thich, ky ning sft dyng khic nhau, Nhtog dich vy Internet vdi vai trd li phuang tifn DHTT ed thi tgo mOt mdi mrtog hpc tgp eOng tic (sft dyng eie dich vy mgng xi hOi nhu Facebook, Wiki, Forum,.,) hay cd thi li mdi trutog hpc tgp ty nghign eto dOe Igp (nhu Webquest) hoic ed thi li mdi trutog hutog din diy du (nhu bii giing chuin SCORM), Vi viy, vife lya chpn cie kilu dich vy Internet dl thilt kl khda hpc thich nghi cin cin eft vio die trung (tam \f, thdi quen, sd thich, ntog lye,,,) ciia ttog nhdm ngudi hpc, 2.3 Cdc k^ ndng DHTT Hpc tip trye tuyln ygu ciu mOt t|lp cie ky ning khic nhu ky ntog tin hpc vi mpt sd ky ntog hinh vi, Theo Clark vi Mayer, NHTT cin cd eie ky ning sifu nhgn thto, Cie ky ntog niy chinh li kha ning thilt l§p eie myc dich hpc t$p dl quylt djnh lim thi nio dgt tdi cic myc dich dd vi thyc hifn nhtog dilu chinh ein thilt, Nhtog ngudi hpc nghfo kl ning sifu nhgn thftc cin nhilu hutog din horn nhtog ngudi hpc giiu ky ning sidu nhgn thftc cd xu hutog ty hoto thifn, Vife thilt Igp kT ning niy dupe md ta nhu eie phim chit eua "ngudi hpc ty hutog din" Dinh gii nhtog ngudi hpc thinh cdng frong TAP CHf THifTBIGlAO DMC-sd 109-9/2014 • 41 II CONG NGHE DAY HQC cic KHTT Pillay cho ring, ky ning quan trpng d NHTT li ning lya chpn cic frp giiip hpc tgp mft cich dtog din, vife quin ly thdi gian hifu qui vi ning tfp trung qui trinh hpc Vi viy, dk trp giiip NHTT thinh cdng cic khda hpc vi cic mdi trutog djnh hutog phii phit triln cic ky ning dgy hpc "ty hutog din" d ngudi hpc Cic mdi trudng hpc tgp tren mang dien hinh 3.1 Mdi tru&ng hgc t^p cpng tdc Hpc tgp cOng tic li mOt chiln lupe dgy hpc tich eye, dd cic thinh vign tham gia hogt dOng vi bpe tip etog nhtog nhdm nhd (mdi nhdm bao gdm eie thinh vign cd trinh dO vi ning khic nhau) nhim myc dich phit triln sy hilu bilt va ehilm ITnh mOt nOi dung hpc tgp nio dd Vi v|y, die trung edng nghf ciia mdi trutog hpc tgp edng tic bao gdm: a Phuang tifn dgy hpc: sft dyng eie djch vy mgng xi hOi dl tgo mdi trutog thio li4n theo nhdm nhu Facebook, Forum, Wiki b Phuang phip dgy hpc: Td ehftc eie hogt dOng nhdm theo dinh hutog nhu sft dyng thio lugn nhdm cho vife hpc t$p, thilt kl cic boat dOng hpc tgp ddi hdi sinh vign thyc hifn ehftc ning frong nhdm nhu nghifn eto tinh hudng, nhung vin gift dupe trich nhifm ci nhin ding thdi ring bufc dupe hogt dOng ciia da sd sinh vifn frong ldp e Ky ning dgy hpc: phit triln eie tinh hulng hpc tfp lifn quan din sy phy thuOc tich eye, ty chiu trich nhifm, dua vi nhgn thdng tin phan hdi, sft dyng hpp ly eie ky ning eOng tie, ty dinh gii nhdm mOt cich diu din 3.2 Mdi tru&ng hgc t^p tif nghiin citu dpe ipp li mdi trutog hpc tgp dupe thilt kl theo dinh hutog dilu fra, nghifn eto dd hiu hit hoic tit ci thdng tin mi ngudi hpc ty lim vife hoic ty tim kilm tft cic dich vy Internet Cie die trung edng nghf ciia mdi trutog niy li: a, Phuang tifn dgy hpc: cic dich vy Intenet dl chia se vi tim kilm tii lifu, vi dy nhu Webquest, b Phuang phip dgy hpc: Sft dyng phuang phip dgy hpc dy in, mang tfnh chit nghifn eto dfc Ifp e Ky ntog dgy hpc: Hogt dOng hpc t$p ehft dgo dupe bao trum bdi mpt nhifm vy kha thi vi thft vi Nhifm vy hpc tgp dupe thilt kl yfu ciu tu d mfte TAP CHf lHlt\ BI GlAO DMC- Sd 109 - 9/2014 cao bom, khdng chi don gito li sy tdng hpp Dilu niy bao gdm tdng hpp, phin tfch, giii quylt vin dg, sy sing tgo vi dinh gii 3.3 Mdi tru&ng hu&ng ddn ddy du Li mdi trutog sft dyng bii gitog da phuang tifn cd vai trd thay thi ehftc ning cua GV Ign ldp, Cic die trung cdng nghf cua mdi trutog niy li: a v l phuang tifn dgy bpe: bii giing da phuang tifn, ching hgn bii giing SCORM, b, Phuang phip dgy hpc: Sft dyng phuang phip dgy hpc thuygt trinh minh hpa theo diln dich hoic quy ngp, cd hutog din chi tilt kit hpp vdi cic trie nghifm cd phto hdi, Ngudi hpc dupe din dit dl ITnh hOi kiln thftc nhu trgn mOt ldp hpc cd GV e Ky nang dgy hpc: Ky nang tich hpp da phuang tifn vi thilt kl eie tuang tie ed hutog din cho ngudi hpc Kit lu^n Cd thi ndi, nhtog kit qua nghign eto trgn sg li CO sd dl friln khai eie KHTT thich nghi vdi ttog nhdm ngudi hpc dupe phin logi Thdng qua nhtog dl xuit niy, NHTT sg cd thi cd cic mdi trutog bpe tip linh dOng vl khdng gian, thdi gian, ddi tupng vi thich nghi vl nOi dung, phuang phip vdi phong cich, die trung hpc tgp eua bin thin ngudi hpc Nhd dd, NHTT sg htog thft ban vdi cie KHTT, giim ty If bd hpc, gdp phin ning cao chit lupng eie KHTT Tii lifu tham khio I Elaine Allen and Jeff Seaman, Class Differences - Online Education in the United States, 2010, Babson Survey Research Group and The Sloan Consortium Margaret Martinez, What is personalized learning?, the e-leaming developers' Journal (52002) Clark, R., & Mayer, R, (2004) E-Leaming and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning CA, USA: Pfeiflfer, Pillay, H., Irving, K., & Tones, M (2007) Validation of the diagnostic tool for assessing Tertiary students' readiness for online learning Higher Education Research & Development, 26:2, 217-23 ... mgng), Theo Margaret Martinez, md hinh dinh hutog hpc tip LOM li mOt md hinh dupe xiy dyng dya trgn nhtog nghign eto vl NHTT, Vi vgy, md hinh LOM hoto toto phu hpp dl dl xuit cic phuang phip DHTT theo. .. eie djch vy mgng xi hOi dl tgo mdi trutog thio li4n theo nhdm nhu Facebook, Forum, Wiki b Phuang phip dgy hpc: Td ehftc eie hogt dOng nhdm theo dinh hutog nhu sft dyng thio lugn nhdm cho vife... dit nhtog yfu ciu khic bift thilt kl cie KHTT, tgo ndn nhtog die Uung CO bto ciia edng nghf DHTT theo tilp e$n dinh hutog ngudi hpc Tilp egn djnh hudmg ngudi hpc DHTT 2.1 Doi v&i phuang phdp DHTT