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NGHIEN CLTU & U N G DUNG X€t hai hlnh ba dinh (A,B,C) va (A'''',B'''',C'''') trong khong gian x^ anh sao cho c^c du&ng thing AA'''',BB'''', CC''''IJi khac nhau (hinh 3) Khi do cac duong thSng ay ddng quy Ichi va chi Ic[.]
NGHIEN CLTU & U N G DUNG CdNG NGHE DAY HOC TUDNG TAC AO GS.TS.NginrSn Xuin Lac Trir&ng Dpi hgc Bdch khoa Ha N^i SUMMARY In this paper are presented Virtual Interactive Teaching and Learning Technology as well as examples of its application to some subjects of natural and engineering sciences in secondary and higher education Keywords: Virtual Interactive Teaching and Leaming Technology Ngdy nh$n b&i: i/S/2015; Ngdy duyp S&ng: 25/10/2015 LTS: TrongsS 122 thdng^ 10/2015 Tap chi Thiit bf Gido dvc da giai thi$u phdn Cong ngh^ dgy hgc tucmg tac ao ciia GSTS Nguyen Xudn Lgc Trong so Tgp chi tiip tyc giai thi^u bai viet vdi nhiing vi dv cho thdy cong dung va y nghia cua phdn mem cong ngh4 dgy hgc tuang tac, khong chi a cac trudng thong ma a cd cdc truang cao d&ng vd dgi hgc 3.1.4 Vidif Phdn mSm todn hpc tuang tdc (c6n gpi la todn hpc^ dOng) GeoGebra 5.0 v^ B^\ s6 vd Hlnh h ^ (phdng vd khQng gian) Id mot phin m^m md nguon md (c6 Java Web Start), miln phi, c6 the tai ve tir "http://en.softonic.eom/s/geogebra-5.0" dl ^gy hpc giap m$t ho$c qua m^ng vcd mdy tinh, kk cd may tlnh bdng (vd phuang ti§n di d^ng khdc), tucmg tdc theo kieu tr6 chai nghiem tiic DSy Id phan mem dd dupc dilng cdc trudng ph6 thdng va cdc ky thi Olympic Co hpc todn quoc, cho mon Nguyen IJ mdy (img dyng Tin hpc) Sd dT n6 duiyc diing nhieu cho cdc vi dy minh hpa b day, Id vi nhiing II sau; + La phan m6m mien phi, tuc Id phuong ti?n ma ciing c6 the c6, ^ + Todn hpc th6ng quen thu^c vdi bat ciJr dd tot nghi$p trung hpc, + Ld phin mem kilu tro choi, cung hpc &\xqz, rat de tuong tdc tdy bien, dl \^o tinh hu6ng thu - sai hpc t§p gidp m$t cOng nhu qua m^ng Vi dy I: Hinh Id giao di^n mo phong pMp chilu xu^en tdm (vdi tdm chieu E) Iln m$t phdng hinh chi6u P', m^t dudng conic xdc djnh bdi dilm F,G,H,I,J, tr6n m$t phdng P (xdc djnh bdi diem A.B.C) T r choi" tuon^ tac the hi?n qua vi?c tOy biln vi tri ciia dudng thdng Dz vd tdm chilu E , vj tri tuong doi giiJa hai m$t phdng P vd P', vj tri cua mOt dilm F, Jl, de bien d6i d^ng conic, dp ddi, g6c, ti s6 don, ti so k6p, v.v , qua neu b?t cdc tinh chit dien hinh ciia phep chieu xuyen tdm vd djnh ly Desargues, Id nhftng kien thirc kinh dien ciia Hinh hpc x? anh Djnh II Desargues [10] X€t hai hlnh ba dinh (A,B,C) va (A',B',C') khong gian x^ anh cho c^c du&ng thing AA',BB', CC'IJi khac (hinh 3) Khi cac duong thSng ay ddng quy Ichi va chi Ichi cdc giao dilm cCia cdc c§p duemg thang (AB.A'B'), (BCB'C), (CA.C'A') thdng hdng Qua tucrng tdc tiiy bien tuang tu nhu trSn, c6 the thdy re nhihig bat bien dugc Ichdng djnh djnh li tren TAP Oft THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 123-11/2015 • EN cUu & UNG DUNG Dgy hpc moi trudng tuang tdc (dpng lyre) vdi ngirdi hpc la trung tdm, do cdc phuong phdp day hpc hudng nghiln cim, hgc tgp cgng tdc, v.v , vdi boi canh giap m§t ho§c qua mgng, ho§c phoi hpp gidp m$t vdi qua mgng Id nhiing phuong phap thich hpp; Dgy hpc theo tiep can cdtig ngh? [5], tich hpp iy thuyet vdi th\rc hdnh, hpc bdng Idm (learning by doing), d ddy thyc hdnh va ldm diu c6 the id thgt ho§c do, ho$c phdi hpp that vdi do, tiiy dieu ki?n cy thl cho phip; 3.3 Kp ndng dtfy hgc tucmg tdc Ky ndng dgy hpc tirong tdc la ky ndng su dyng mOt cdch hi§u qud phuong ti|n vd phuong phdp d^y hpc tuong tdc Nhu dd ndi d trln, qud trinh dgy hgc tucmg tdc vl c0 ban Id qud trinh hpc hudng Idm, cho nin cflng giing nhu ky ndng dgy hgc thyc hdnh, ky ndng dgy hpc tuong tdc ddi hdi ngudi dgy phdi mi^ng ndi tay lam thdnh thgo Nhdt Id vdi cdc phdn mem tuong tdc kieu tro choi, ngudi hpc c6 thl "thft-sai" tfty y dl tyr Igo linh huong, ty tim gidi phdp, vd cd thl nlu nhftng cdu hdi md ngudi dgy, nlu thilu kinh nghi|m ho$c thilu ndng lyc ling tdc, khdng thl gidi ddp dugc Hinh "Tr6 choi" tuang tdc thl hi^n qua vi?c ngudi Ky ndng dgy hpc tuong tdc, ddc bift Id tuong tdc hpc tOy chpn tdm quay A, thay d6i chilu ddi tay quay do, ddi hdi ngufd dgy phdi cgp nhgt nhftng thdnh tyu AB va truyen BC (bdng slider a,b), tiiy chpn mdi ciia cdng ngh| dgy hpc hign dgi, nghla Id bdm sdt gic djnh vj (y = D IGD) cud gid GD m^t phdng nhftng thdnh tiru ciia CNTT&TT lmh vyc dgy Gxz, dilu khiln chuyin dpng ciia dilm B, , tdt cd hpc, md cdng ngh$ ndy phdt triln nhanh nhu thl ndo, dan din sy biln doi tuang ung ci^ quy d^o diem M thl khong cdn ndi, cung biet 3.4 VM liru p vi cdng ngh^ dgy hgc hifn dgi ndo dd trSn truyln (gpi Id di^ng cong M^t cdng ngh? dgy hpc chi cd tdc dyng tot Idii truyln), vgn t6c, gia tic cua trupt C, khd ndng quay todn vdng ciia khdu AB vd hi^n tupng bat djnh dupc sft dyng nhftng dilu ki$n hodn todn xdc d CO clu tay quay trupt phdng (y = 0) cdn (AB = dinh, theo quan dilm cdng ngh? vd quan dilm h§ thong Theo quan diem cdng ngh? [5], [6], tft gidc d^ BC) chlnh tdm (AG = 0), v.v Cdc bdi todn dpng hinh hpc tren ddy, n6i chung, khd thi vd hi^u qua: - Co sd dgy hpc phdi cd phuong ti^n (nhu phdng deu c6 tdc dyng giiip ngudi hpc ty tao tinh hulng, t\r d$t vd gidi quylt van de; nhien, cung cd g$p oc, mdy tinh, mgng LAN, ) thich hpp vd dilu kign nhftng trudng hpp md de phdt bieu ldi gidi dudi dgng v ^ hdnh tuong img, ndi mpt cdch khdc Id cd mdi tudng minh ndo cho bdi todn (nhu: phdt bilu dieu trudng dgy hpc toi thilu cho phep, - Ngudi dgy phdi cd dd nghe vd tay nghi (phuang ki^n quay todn v6ng ciia khdu n6i gid AB, hode bi$n phdp khd bat djnh cho co cdu lay quay trupt cdn ti?n, phuong phdp va ky ndng ve CNTT&TT vd mdn dgy, ) du ^k lam chu qua trinh day hpc, nhu cd the ABC, vi dy 2) can co tu sdng tgo d mftc dO ftng tdc linh hogt nhftng tlnh hulng d^t xudt, nhdt dinh ndi mpt cdch khdc Id c6 cong ngh? dgy hgc t6i thilu 3.2 Phuang phdp dgy hpc tmmg tdc Phuong phdp dgy hpc tuong tdc la phuong phdp cho phip, - Ngu^ hpc phdi cd hpc li?u thlch hgp vd biet v§n dyng li lu^n dgy hpc tuang tdc (bO ba nguyin ly, bp ba ling xft, ) vd sft dyng phucmg ti^n dgy hpc ftng xii ngang tdm vm nhftng thugn lpi cdng ngh? tuong tdc, cho qud trinh dgy hpc vl co bdn Id qud dgy hgc hi$n dgi dem lgi, ndi mgt cdch khdc Id c6 trinh hpc hudng Idm cfta ngudi hpc Noi mgt cdch cy cdng ngh| hpc t?p t6i thilu cho phep thl, dd la phuang phdp: (Xem tiip trang 5) Vi dy Vi dy ndy, ngodi myc dfch minh hpa tuong tdc, chiing t6: mpt phin mim todn hgc ph6 thdng, neu bilt khai thdc, cd thl diing day hpc tuong tdc do, cd d bac d^i hpc Hinh Id giao di?n mo phdng dpng hinh hpc ca cdu tay quay trupt khong gian (mon Nguyen ly may, ngdnh Co khi, cdc trudng d^ii hpc cdng nghi?p) ddy, Sli dyng lupc A6 d^ng hinh hpc thuan (khong bilu dien lupc d6 khdp dOng vd tru0) • TAP CHiTHlfTBIGlAODMC-sfi 123-11/2015 NGHIEN CUU& UNG DUNG - Ddm bdo toe dg phft hpp chuyin tilp cdc slide, dl mgi ngudi cung nhin rd Siir dyng phli hgp phutmg pbdp vd PTDH d Tnrdng DHNV H i Npi Phli hpp tdt cdc phuong phdp va PTDH se gdp phdn tgo nen hifu qud cao dgy hpc Khong cd phuang phdp va PTDH ndo vgn ndng Moi phuong phdp, PTDH deu cd m$t mgnh vd hgn che nhdt dinh Diiu quan trpng Id ngudi gidng viln bilt phat huy thl mgnh cfta phuong phdp vd PTDH ndy bft ddp cho nhihig hgn chl cfta phuong phdp vd PTDH Vifc sft dyng khio leo vd uyln chuyin eac phuang phdp vd PTDH sg gdp phdn phdt huy tdi da hifu qud cfta chftng Trudng DH NOi vy Hd NOi, vdi tinh chdt da dgng cua ede ngdnh ddo tgo^ hon nita cdc Idp thudng ddng sinh vien, Ihi vifc lya chpn phuong phdp vd PTDH phft hpp vdi dli tupng ddo tgo Igi edng edn phdi tinh den Vife ehpn vdn dk thdo lu$n, vi dy, tranh dnh minh hog hay sft dyng PTDH khdng thl khdng tlnh din ylu t l ndy Dieu cdn luu y qud trlnh dgy hpe dd Id, mOt m$t cdn trdnh tinh trgng ldm cho ldp hpc chdn ngdt, buon tl vdi gipng ndi diu diu; m$t khdc khdng nin lgm dyng vifc trlnh chieu qua cdc slide nhu bilu dien chl di cho vui mdt Nlu Ichdng cd sy phoi hpp sft dyng cdc phucmg phdp vd PTDH da dgng thi vifc sft dyng chuang trlnh Power Point cilng sS tgo nen sy don difu (m|c dii bdn than nd cd tinh hap din di nfta) VI v§y, tft sogn bai bin cgnh vifc xic djnh nhifaig nOi dung can tinh din vifc sft dyng cde phuong phdp vd PTDH nhftng dilu kifn cy thl MOt sd thdng tin cdn dupc xem xlt nghiem tfic Id: - Quan tam tdi d§c diem doi tugng sinh viln theo tftng Idp, lung nganh hpc - Xem xet dieu kifn thyc tl ve mdy mdc, thilt bi dgy hpc cua nhd Irudng trang bj d tftng phdng hgc de lya chgn phucmg tifn dgy hgc - Cdn cu vdo nOi dung dgy hgc cy thl dl xdc dinh phuang tifn sl dimg Trong mdt bdl gidng nOi dung cd nhieu phdn, tuong fing vdi moi phdn cdn dy Itiln vl phuong phap va PTDH se sft dyng Tom lgi, PTDH chi mang Igi hifu qud cao gidng viln bill sft dyng chung mOt cdch thdnh thgo, linh hogt va tuan thft nhftng nguyin tdc nhdt dinh Dilu cdn luu y, myc dich ctia sft dyng PTDH nhdm ho trg de vtfc dgy - hpe dgt hifu qud cao hon, nd khdng thl thay the ngi dung, phuong phdp dgy hgc Quylt djnh hifu qua cfia vifc sft dyng PTDH h5 hv qua Irinh dgy hpc chfnh Id gidng viln Tdi lifa tham khao D$ng Thdnh Hung (2002), Dgy hgc hi^n dgi, Nxb Dgi hgc quic gia, Hd NOi Le Dftc Nggc (2005), Gido dye dgi hgc Phuang phdp dgy vd hgc, NXB Dgi hgc qudc gia HdNpi Phan Trgng Ngg (2005), Dgy hgc vaphuong ph^ dg[y hgc nhd trudng, NXB Dgi hpc su 2, Hi^n tnidng D ^ hQc N$i vv Hi N$i cd 28 nganh dao t ^ gdm b§c d^i hpc, cao ding, tning c§p chuySn nghiap, tnmg cap nghi phgm Hd NOi C O N G N G H E D A Y H O C (tlip,„eo,rang2) Theo quan dilm hf filing: Cdng nghf dgy hpc cdc mon Cahgc DHSPKT TpHCM, hifn dgi Id mpt hf thing hf dilng cdng nghf Nguyen Xudn Lgc (2000 - 2015), Li lugn vd dgy hpc ndi chung, vi the phdi dupc sft dyng Cong ngh? dgy hgc hi$n dgi, Bdi gidng sau dai hgc tuong quan hf thong vdi cdng nghf dgy hgc truyen Vifn SPKT, DHBKHN, thong, nghla Id, tfty trudng hpp cy thi, cd thl chpn mdt Dftc Uy (1999), Tdm ly hgc sdng tgo NXB hay sft dyng kit hpp ca hai, vdi phuong chdm dung GD.HdNOi, lfic, diing eho vd ding dO, de ddm bdo cho qud trinh "Virtual reality", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki dgy hpc khdng chi khd thi md cdn hifu qua /Virtual_reality "Vfl Huu Tiin, Cong nghf (hyc tgi ", http:// Tdi lifu tham khdo cdit.ptit.edu.vn/wp-coment/uploads/2014/03/49.5 Nguyin Xudn Lgc, Tflng Vdn Hodn (11/2013, rienVH_Hien-thuc-ao_l 2.3.pdf t.30-36), Tiep cgn cdng ngh4 dgy hgc Ca hgc 10 Ngo Thftc Lanh (chfi biln) 2000, Tu diin ung dyng Kyyiu H^i nghj todn qudc vS Gidng dgy todn hgc thdng dyng, NXB GD, Ha NOi TAP CHf THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 123-11/2015 •