NGHIEN CUU I THIET KE NOI DUNG HOC TAP THUC HANH Kl THUAT THEO QUAN DIEM DAY HOC TU0NG TAC TICH CUC I D I t v l n d l Thilt k l npi dung hpe tap (NDHT) thifc hanh ki thul t I I khiu quan trpng cda th[.]
NGHIEN CUU I THIET KE NOI DUNG HOC TAP THUC HANH Kl THUAT THEO QUAN DIEM DAY HOC TU0NG TAC TICH CUC ThS NGUYEN CAM THANH Trudng Bai hoc Su pham Ha Nil I.DItvlndl Thilt k l npi dung hpe tap (NDHT) thifc hanh ki thult II khiu quan trpng cda t h i l t k l bai day thuc hinh ki thult (THKT), lam d n ed 64 xlc djnh vide lua chpn, van dung phuong phip day hpe (PPDH) eij t h i eho ngUdi day Ngudi day mudn sd dung d e PPDH, ki t h u l t day hpe tieh eifc h o i hoat ddng nhin thde eho ngudi hpc, thi vide t h i l t k l b l i day ein t u i n theo nguydn t i e dUa vao ngUdi hpe v l hoat ddng cua ngUdi hpc, Quan d i l m day hpc tuong t i c tfch cue (TTTC) sd d i p dng 6ugc ydu c l u trdn vide t h i l t k l b l l day THKT Bai v i l t n i y dUa nhdng l u i n d i l m CO b i n ciia day hpe theo quan d i l m TTTC, b i n c h i t cua ndi dung hpe tap THKT, td dd t h i l t k l NDHT thife hanh ki t h u l t theo quan d i l m day hpc TTTC, dupe t i l n h i n h trdn co sd d e nguydn t i e t h i l t k l NDHT, Idgic t h i l t k l NDHT THKT theo hddng day hpc TTTC b i n g ele hoat ddng hpc t i p TTTC, Day hpc ttfcfng tac t k h ctfc Day hpc TTTC n h l m c l i t i l n q u i trinh day hpc theo hudng ning cao c h i t lUpng day hpe thdng qua eleh day eda ngUdi day (llm eho d c h day phu hpp vdi d c h hpc), tao hdng thii va trich n h i l m hpc t i p cda ngddi hpc Ngudi day dung kiln thdc, kinh nghidm eda mlnh hudng d i n ngudi hpc, "Ngudi day chl cho ngddi hpc eai dfch p h l i dat, giup dd, l l m cho ngddi hpc hdng thli hpc v l dua hp tdi dfch Chdc n i n g chfnh cua ngudi day I I giup ngudi hpc chilm linh d e tri thdc, hinh t h i n h ki n i n g v l ki x l o NgUdi day phuc vu ngudi hpc" [4, tr.18] Mdi trUdng day hpc r l t da dang v i phong phu, bao gdm mdi trudng bdn (tilm n i n g , g i l trj, e l m x u c ) , mdi trudng b i n ngoii (thly, ban, gia dinh, x l hdi, khdng gian, thdi gian ) Nhu vay, 'Mdi trUdng II t o i n bd d e y l u td v l ele d i l u kidn bao quanh, I n h hudng, chi phdi ngudi day, ngUdi hpc" [6, tr.l 18] Mdi trudng da trd t h i n h mdt nhdng t i c n h i n cua q u i trinh day hpc 'Day hpc tUong t i c tteh cue la day hpe cd q u i trinh tdong t i e n h i l u c h i l u gida ba n h i n td chu dao: thay, trd va mdi trudng day hpc, dd trd la trung t i m dupc khoi day tinh tteh eife, thay la ngudi td ehde, hudng dan, giup dd trd thUe hidn nhidm vu hpe tap, mdi trudng ddng vai trd I n h hudng, thieh nghi d i n thay va t r d ' [3, tr.22] Npi dung hoc tap thtfc hanh k i thuat NDHT thuc hanh ki thuat la nhdng kiln thdc, ki nang ngudi hpe can phli linh hpi va biln nd thinh kinh nghidm, k h i ning thue hidn eua b i n t h i n phin Inh qua nang life thife hidn NDHT thife hinh ki thult lam can ed d l ngUdi hpc dat ddpc mue tidu hpc tap (MTHT) ngddi day t h i l t k l , 04 ngddi hpe dat dupe d e MTHT thi ngUdl day can phai t h i l t k l ele hoat ddng hpe tap tdOng dng vdi mue tidu, Ndi dung hpe tap ndi ehung theo nguydn t i c hoat ddng 6ugc hieu la hinh t h l i ddi tupng hoa eua mue tidu, tde la sif dien dat mue tidu dudi hinh thde d c ddi tdpng hoat ddng Nhu vay, ndi dung hpe tap II ddi tupng eiia hoat ddng hpc tap Hpe tap THKT II td hpp nhdng hoat ddng khie ddpc ngudi hpc thifc hien nham chilm linh ddi tupng nhan thde, tri thdc, ki nang, ki xlo Vi vay, NDHT thue hanh kT thult ein thdng qua MTHT 6ugc diln dat dUdi hinh thde d c ddi tupng eOa nhdng hoat dpng thudc v l ngUdi hpe q u i trinh hpe tap nhd hoat dpng nhan thde (tu duy), hoat ddng ddi thoai, hoat ddng thao t i e v l t chit, phdi hpp d c hoat ddng thao t i c v l t chit cua nhilu ngudi cimg ldc Nguyen tac va logic thiet ke npi dung hpc tap thtfc hanh k i thuat theo quan diem ttfdng tac tich ctfc 4.1 Cacyeu cdu vd nguyen ticthuchien Thilt k l NDHT thue hanh ki t h u l t theo quan d i l m day hpc TTTC ein t u i n theo cac ydu cau va nguydn tie sau: - D i m b i o mue tidu, chuong trinh mdn hpe Tranh tinh trang q u i t l i cho ngudi hpc, c i n phai p h i n tieh rd thd bac, mdc dp cua ele loai muc tidu mdn hpc ( v l kiln thde, ki ning, t h l i dp) de ngudi day v i ngudi hpe cd t h i hinh dung ddpc mdt d c h tudng minh c l i dteh can dat d i n sau Sfi78-THANG3/2012«25 ca NGHIEN CUU moi ndi dung hpc, bai hpe, chuong chuong trinh mdn hpc; - Phat huy tinh tteh cue, tif life, ehii ddng, kich thfch ngudi hpc tuong t i c vdi nhau, vdi ngddi day, vdi tai lieu, vdi thiet bj thue hanh,,, - D i m b i o ttnh k h i thi: phti hpp vdi trinh dp, ning life su pham eua ngudi day, vdi die d i l m t i m It Ida tudi, nhan thdc cua ngudi hpc, vdi co sd v l t chit, quy dinh an t o i n lao dpng, npi quy 4.2 Logic thiit ki ngi dung hgc tap thUc hdnh ki thugt theo quan diem dgy hgc tuang tic tich cue a) Xle djnh d i l u kidn tidn quylt Xle djnh ngudi hpc nghidn edu NDHT hp c i n ed nhdng kiln thdc v l ki ning nio Kiln thdc, ki ning trudc dd m l ngddi hpe phli ed sd dupe khai thic lam t i l n 64 giup ngudi hpe bUde v i o nghidn cdu NDHT mdi b) Huy ddng vdn kiln thdc, kinh nghidm, hilu bilt cda ngddi hpc Mdn hpc thudng dupc t h i l t k l ndi dung kiln thdc theo Idgic nhlt djnh, d i m b i o cho ngUdi hpe cd du dilu kidn d e t i l p tuc nghidn cdu nhdng v i n 64 hpe tap t i l p theo, ndi chuong trinh (kit thiic v i n 64 niy l i d i l u kidn 64 nghidn edu v i n d l sau) Dae bidt, NDHT It thuylt eiia mdn hpe d l dupe hpc trude dd la eo sd r l t quan trpng 64 eho ngUdi hpe ed t h i hpc t i l p NDHT thife hinh, c) Chia NDHT thifc hinh kT t h u l t tUong dng vdi ele hoat ddng v l hoat ddng thinh phin eho q u i trinh day hpe NDHT thue hinh kT t h u l t phli 6ugc phin chia thinh d e v i n de hpe tap tUPng ddi dde lap (nhdng khli nidm, nguydn It, nguydn tic, phuong phap, thao tic, ddng tic ), qua dd mdi xiy difng dupe d e hoat ddng eu t h i d) Thilt k l ele dang hoat ddng day hpe Du kiln dupe elu true v l ttnh chit d e hoat dpng m i ngudi hpc phli thde hidn Hay ndi d c h khae l i d c hoat ddng thups mdi trddng bdn ngoii ehda NDHT (ndi dung hpe tap l i ddi tupng ciia ele hoat dpng cho ngUdI hpe), Oe md t l ndi dung c i n gpi dupe clu true, tfnh chit v i cudng dp ciia d c hoat ddng, nhUng ele hoat ddng can m i m ddo, linh hoat (tfnh md) CIc dang hoat ddng day hpc chfnh l i d c hoat ddng cda ngudi day tuong dng vdi hoat dpng cua ngudi hpc, nhung quan trpng v i mau ehdt la ele hoat ddng cda ngddi hpe, dd cin phli cd sU tdong t i c nhilu chilu vdi 26 •KHOAHQCGUODVC (thly