24 M >'''' §K so 6 2014 DgttyaHlfC Cac yeu to'''' anii liircrng den viec ciipn trircfng dai lipc quoc te cua sinli vien ThS NGO NGUYfeN HOANG PHA Khpa Kinh te & Quan tri kinh doanh, Trudng Dgi hpc Bing Th^p[.]
24 M >'-§K so 6-2014 DgttyaHlfC Cac yeu to' anii liircrng den viec ciipn trircfng dai lipc quoc te cua sinli vien ThS NGO NGUYfeN HOANG PHA Khpa Kinh te & Quan tri kinh doanh, Trudng Dgi hpc B i n g Th^p, TOM TAT Bii bio niy dur/c viit vdi mye dieh la xae dinh cac nhin tianh hudng din tiin trinh quyet dinh chgn trudng dgi hgc quic tide hge NhUng nhan to anh hUdng din tiin trinh quyit djnh dUr/c xie dinh nhdng nghiin cdu trudc diy gim chit luifng giio dye, si/nil tleng cda trudng dgi hgc, thUhgng cda trudng dgi hge, SI/nil tling eua khoi hgc, vi ehi phi Trong nhCtng yeu to nay, chit lUdng giio dye la yeu toed stfdnh hudng nhieu nhat, kidin la si/noi tleng eua trUdng dgi hge Tuy nhien, nhUng nhin ticdn Igl cung cd dnh hudng ddng kilSn tiin trinh TQ khoa: cac yeu td, tien trinh quyet djnh, trUdng dgi hpc quoc te I DAT VAN OE Ngay nay, vdi su phat triln chung cQa xa hdi, giao due dgi hpe da va dang dUdc qudc t l hoa Qud'c te hoa giao due dgi hpc dupe xem nhu la mdt chien lupc hieu qua de Ihol man nhu cau k h i c nhgu cua cdng ddng qudc te [Ardakina, Yarmohammadian, Arbari, and Fathi, 2011], [3] Khdng khd d l nhan thay duge mdt thye te la qudc t l hoa giao due dgi hge da tgp dilu kiln thuan ldi cho nhilu ngudi cd cd hdi dUde hpe tap nhilu trudng qudc te tren the gidi Trong thap ky cudi ciia the ki 20 va thap ky dau cQa the kI21, sy bien ddng foan d u ve sd lugng sinh vien da dgt mdt d p dp mdi [Naidoo, 2006], [11 ] Theo td chQc hgp tac va phat tnln kinh te (OECD), nam 2000 cd khoing trieu sinh vien qudc te da hpc d trQdng dai hpc ben ngoai qudc gia cOa hg [OECD 2012], [14] Tuy nhien, d i n nam 2010, sd da tang len hdn gap ddi, d i n 4,1 tneu va dugc tien doan ta se dgt md'e khoang trieu vao nam 2020 [Ryan, 2013], [16] Cd sy khac sd lUdng sinh vien chpn trUdng dgi hgc nam ngoai qudc gia cua hp giQa eae quoc gia vdi Uc v l VUdng Qudc Anh la hai sd cac qud'c gia cd nin giao dye dgi hpe ndi tieng trin the gidi hien Oc, trii qua khcang thdi gian 1997-2002, sd lugng sinh viln qudc t l da tang len mdt d c h dang ke, khoang 123% [Department of Education, Science and Training, 2004], [8] Nam 2006, so lugng sinh viln qud'c te hpc d cac trudng dai hge d Uc da dUde Udc lugng khdng 187.500 sinh viln [Altbaeh, Reisberg v l Rumbley 2009 v l Acess Economics, 2009], [2 S 1], Vudng Qudc Anh, sd lugng sinh vi§n quoe t l da tang dang ke khoang thdi gian 2000-2009, tQ231.000 sinh vien (chiem khoing 11 % eiia tong sd sinh vien VUdng Quoc Anh) d nam 2000 den 370.000 (15%) nim 2009 [HEAS, 2011], [9] Sy khac so lugng sinh vien chgn trudng qudc te giQa cac qudc gia vdi I I mdt minh chQng eho sy anh hQdng eiia mdt sd ylu td d i n vile chpn trudng dgi hpe qudc tS de hpe II NHONG YEU TO A N H Hl/dNG DEN TIEN TRINH RA QUYET DjNH CHpN TRl/dNG TQ nhieu nghidn cQu trude day cua nhilu t i c gil, vi|c quylt djnh chgn mdt trUdng dgi hgc qudc t l d l hpc bj anh hUdng bSi nhilu yeu td, nhu ylu td chat lugng giao dye, sQ noi tilng cCia trudng dgi hge, thQ hgng ctia trUdng dgi hge, sy ndi tilng ciia khoa hpc, va hge phi cac yeu td cd mQc Inh huflng khac den vi|c quyet djnh chpn Chat liigng giao dye MT, cac ylu td Inh hQdng den viec chpn trQdng gdm chal IQgng trQdng dgi hge, sy n l i tieng cua trQdng dgi hgc, hgc phi [Weiler, 1996], [18] Chat lugng gilo dye bao gdm cle nhin l6 cd sd vat chat, tQ van, cung nhU sU hudng d i n cua giao sQ vS sinh vien [Horstehraer, 2012], [10] NhQng sinh vien Tmng Qu6c da chgn d e tnidng dgi hpc VUdng Qudc Anh la dilm den bfli chat lugng giao dye [Davey, 2005] [7] Nghiin cQu cCia Horstehraer ve sd iQdng ho sd xin hpc cae trudng dgi hpcfl DQe v l ITnh vyc y te tQ nam 2003 den nam 2008 da chi ring yeu td chat tugng la quan trpng nhat ddi vdi sy lya chpn trUdng dgi hgc [Horstehraer, 2012], [10] Sd lugng sinh viln chgn "nhOng trudng dai hge xuat sac" ehiem khoing 12,63% , khifi "nhQng trQdng dgi hpc khdng xuat sac" t l ch[ khoing 6,89% Ben cgnh dd, mdt sd nghien cQu ciia cle tic g i l khac cung cd cung nhgn dinh tren Nghien cQu eua Bhati va Anderson ve "NhDng y l u td anhJiQdng den sy lya chpn trUdng nUdc ngoai de hge ciJa sinh vien An Do" da xae nhgn la chat lugng giao dye c6 sy anh hudng idn den sy lya chpn trUdng dgi hgc cua sinh vien [Bhati va Anderson, 2010], [5] Cd d i n 49,6% sinh viln dl chpn cle trUdng dgi hgc b Oe bdi chit lugng gilo dye ciia cac trudng dd Ddi vdi slnh vien nganh du Ijch bgc cao hgc d Uc thi 25 DtnjyaHpc 306-2014 ^g chat tugng gilo dye chfnh la \y chinh de cac sinh viln qudc t l chpn trudng, chiem ti le khoing 37% [Ruhanen va MCiennan, 2010], [15] TQ nhQng phan tich tren, ta thay dUde chat lugng giao dye la yeu td dugc nhilu sinh vien tren t h i gidi dya vao de lam cd sd chgn trUdng NhU vay, cae qudc gia rat ndi tieng v l chit lugng gilo dye ta MT, Oc, VUdng Quic Anh, v l cd t h i la DQc s y noi tieng ciia trudng dgj hgc Chic Chan la sy ndi tilng ciia trudng dgi hgc duge xae nhgn nhu I I mdt y l u td quan trpng de quylt djnh chpn trudng [Bennett, 2004], [4], NhQng trUdng dgi hpc npi tieng ciia Ue nhu Dgi hge Metbourn, Dgi hpc Queensland Dgi hpc Sydney, va Dgi hpc qudc gia Oe thudng dUdc nhieu sinh viln qudc t l chpn d l hpc Doi vdi trudng dgi hgc Queenstands, sy ndi tieng cua trudng niy chfnh la ylu t l Inh hUdng Idn nhat din viec quylt djnh chgn trudng n i y ciia nhQng sinh vien qudc t l [Ruhanen va MCiennan, 2010], [15] Cy the, \y phd bien nhit ma sinh viln chgn trudng dgi hgc Queensland I I sy nli tilng ciia trUdng (71%), theo sau la hinh thUc khoa hgc (34%), chat lugng khoa hpc (27%), v l cd s6 vat chat (18%) Tuy nhien, nghien cQu nay, y l u td chat IQi?ng giao dye khdng dUde dua vao de khao sat Day cd i h l ta mdt hgn c h i cila nghien cQu vi viae chgn trUdng dgi hgc dya vap y l u td danh tieng eiia trUdng cd th^ duge quyet djnh sau da dya vao ylu td chat tUdng giao due, Vidy, mdt sinh vien se chpn Oe la diem den thay vi Nh|it Ban vl nhin ehung chit tugng giao dye cua Oc duge nhieu ngUdi danh gia tdt hdn Nhat Ban Sau chgn Oc la dilm den dya tren chat lugng gilo dye, sinh vien dd cd the chpn trudng Dgi hpc Qeensland de hge thay vi mdt trUdng khac d Oc dya tren sy ndi tieng ciia trUdng Qeensland, nhU nghien cQu ctia Ruhanen va MCiennan [2010], [15] ThQ hgng cDa trOdng dgt hpc Lya chgn tnJdng dgi hgc cung bj anh hudng bdi yeu td thQ hgng eiia trUdng Dilu dugc chUng minh qua cac nghien cQu trudc day ciia Monks [1999], [12] va Muller va Rockerbie [2005], [13] 6DQc, nghiin cQu ciia Buttner, Kraus, and Rineke [2003], [6] da ghi nhan 11 thQ hgng dudng nhU cDng anh hUdng den vile chon trudng Theo nghiin cQu cua Monks [1999], [12], nhQng trudng dgi hgc cd thQ hgng thap chap nhgn nhieu sinh vi§n dang kf hpc hdn Dieu cd the duge ly giai bdi eae trudng ed thQ hgng thip thudng cd yeu d u d l dUdc nhan vao trudng de dang hdn cle trUdng cd thQ hgng cao va mdt phan la sinh vien mudn hpc d nhQng trQdng cd thQ hgng thap vi mQc dd hpc tgp eung d l hdn Bin cgnh dd, sy ell thien thQ hgng, nhin chung, cd anh hUdng tfch eye sd iUdng ndp hd sd xin hpc [Muller va Rockertie, 2005], [13] ThQ hgng eiia mdt trudng dgi hpe dU^c ting lln, dd nilm tin va uy tin ciia trudng cung tang l l n Dieu niy se tang tfnh thuylt phyc di sinh viln nop hd sd dang ky hge Tuy nhiln, thQ hgng cCia trQdng dgi hpc khdng phai I I y l u td quan trpng nhat de sinh vien quyet djnh chpn trUdng s y noi tieng cilia khoi hgc Sy ndi tieng ciia khoi hpc da anh hUdng tfch eye l l n vile chpn tn/dng Davey [2005] [7] mpt nghien eUu dugc thyc hiln VUdng Qudc Anh doi vdi d c sinh vien Trung Qudc la mdt minh chQng cho nh|ln djnh tren Bdn cgnh dd, nhgn dmh tren cung dugc the hien nen giac dye DUc Sd lugng sinh viln qudc te ding kf hpe tang trUdng mgnh nim 2007 va nam 2008 bdi sy ndi tieng cua khoa hpc, nhUng khdng la nhU v i y nam 2006 ma bang x i p hgng mdi duge cdng b l [Horstehraer, 2012], (10] Qua dd, ta thIy danh tilng ciia khoi hge tang l l n Wil cung ddng nghta vdi sd lugng sinh vien dang kf ndp hd sd vio trUdng cung tang len Hdn nQa, nhieu sinh vien qudc t l tU nhilu nUdc trin the gidi chgn MT 11 diem den dau tien bdt sy noi tilng ciia d e khoa hpc, dgc biet la khoa hgc MBA NhQvay, cac trUdng dai hgc qudc te cd t h i xem day la mdt tieu ehi de thu hut cac sinh vien qudc t l Hgc phi Mgt y l u td khic nQa 11 hpc phf Hpc phi cd mdi tUdng quan tfch eye d i n sd lugng sinh vien dang kf hge [Soo va Elliott 2010], [17] NhQng trUdng dgi hge ed danh tieng thU hgng cao thQdng cd hge phf eao hdn hdn nhUng trUdng ft cd danh tieng hdn, cung nhU la thQ hgng thap Anh, hpc phi c&a khoa hge MBA tgi trQdng Dgi hge noi tieng London Business la khoang 64.000 bing Anh so vdi mQc hpc phf thap hdn rat nhieu 13.500 bing Anh hpc tgi trQdng Dgi hge London Metropolitan Tuy nhien, theo nghien cQu ciia Soo va Elliott [2010], [17], yeu td ed sy anh hudng khdng dang k l d i n vide quyet dinh chpn trQdng cung nhU hge phf duge thu bdi cac trUdng dgi hpc khdng bao gid I I sQ xae d|nh quan trpng d phUdng dien so lU^ng sinh vien dang kf hpc Nhu vgy hpc phi ddng vai trd khdng quan trpng trpng vi|o quylt dinh chpn trudng III KET lUAU Tii viec phan tich cae y l u td tac ddng d i n viec chpn trudng b tr&n, chat lUpng giao dye ta nhan td Inh hudng nhilu nhat den viee sinh vien quylt djnh chpn trudng dai hpc ngoai qudc gia eiia hg d l hpc [Davey, 2005, [7], Hprstchraer, 2012, [10] v l Bhah v l Andersen, 2010, [5]].BIn cgnh dd, d c ylu t l cdn igi nhu sy noi tieng ciia trUdng dgi hgc, sy ndi tilng cua khoa hpc, va thQ hgng ciia trUdng dgi hpc cung cd Inh hUdng d i n viec quylt dmh chpn trudng, Dilu dugc chUng mmh qua eae nghien cQunhUciia Ruhanen vaMCIennan,[ 2010], [15], Monks [1999], [12] va Davey [2005], [7] , Chi ed hgc phf ta yeu td anh hudng khdng dang ke den viee quyet djnh Tuy nhien, theo mdt sd nghien cQu khac thi cdn ed mdt sd y l u td khic cung anh hudng d i n viec sinh vidn quylt djnh chgn trudng dgi hpc quoc te d l hgc L