DMMI^ 307 2012 05 Khung hoang tam li (cf tre) Nhflng giai doan ed tinh chat kich bien mau thuln do de bj ton thfldng va nhflng rui ro cd the d in den cac roi logn chflc nang cua he thin kinh (1) Giai[.]
DMMI^ 05 307-2012 Khung hoang tam li (cf tre) PGS TS VO THI MINH CHI N hflng giai doan ed tinh chat kich bien mau thuln de bj ton thfldng va nhflng rui ro cd the d i n den cac roi logn chflc nang cua he thin kinh (1) Giai doan khung hoang Ifla tuoi dau lien vao luc 2-3 tudi Day cd the goi id giat dogn hoc tap lien phat, Trong thdi gian nay, cac "\6 hpp than kinh" dfldc hinh thdnh va la nen ling cho cac hinh Ihfle hpc tdp phflc lap liep theo, Neu d giai doan nay, dfla tre khdng nhan dflpc dly du ve so Iflpng cdc thong tin, thi viec ITnh hpi cac ky xlo tiep theo se gap nhieu khd khan, Khi Ire tuoi va da biet di, qud Irinh dich chuyen cua tre cho phep chung nh^n thflc mdi trfldng xung quanh nhieu hdn va tdt hpn giai doan nay, sfl phal trien va van ddng lien quan rat nhieu den sfl phal tnen ndi d tre, mdi quan he true tiep vdicac dd vgt xung quanh thflc day hinh "eai ibi", Kholng 2,5 ludl Ire biet giao tie'p va cd the thiel tap moi quan he vdl ngfldi lg mpt each de dang, cam giac sp hai cung giam di Kholng den he't ludi, hanh vi cua dfla tre cung od thay ddi sdu sic Cdm giac "cai ldi" dupe bieu hien mpl each ro rang, tr^ da ndi dflpc cau va cd xu hudng tien de'n tu lap Tuy nhien, hdu q u i cua phdt trien tren la sU budng binh, ma khflng phai lflc nao cha mg cung hieu dupe (2) luoi Id dfin id giai dogn khung hoIng thfl hai- Ire da phat then tdt vfi van ddng va tieng ndi, cd the phan tich dfldc tinh hudng, elm gidc ve "kholng each tdm ly" mdi quan he vdi ngUdi Idn da phdl then Tuy nhien, tinh tfl phe phdn va tfl kilm soat chua phat trien day du, kha nang lap trung chfl y thi gidc chfla hoan thign, hogt ddng eua tre chu yeu mang tfnh chat trd chdi Khi dfin Irudng, Ire cd the ed nhflng lech chuan lidn quan den su ehUa s i n sang di hpc Mot so tre khdng the ngoi ydn mpt lie! hpc, chua tap trung chfl y thfle hien cac bdi tgp hoac ling nghe ldi gilng cua giao vien Tren cd sd cilia nhflng tgt nay, cd the lien tfldng den bflc tranh Ihieu hyl trf tu$, tri nhd gilm sut, Trong trudng hpp nay, neu dua nhflng yeu cau cflc ky eao, rat cd the d i n den "pha hong" hoat ddng than kinh, ma kel q u i cua nd la loan than kmh ehfle nang O giai dogn khung hoang Ifla tuoi thfl hai, eb sU xac nhan cae Irang thai lam benh ly, ma nguon goc cua nb da ed tfl d giai dogn phat trien sdm cua Ire (3) CJ tuoi tfl 12 den 16, tudi Ihieu nien la giai dogn khung hoIng Ifla tudi thfl ba Dac diem Cilia giai doan la tde dp phat trien nhanh ve chieu cao cua tre, van ddng Ird nen khdng kheo leo, Xuat hien nhflng thay doi ve gidi tfnh lien quan den sp phat trien eua eae tuyen npi tiet, Ve mat hanh vi, tre trd nen khong nghe ldi, d§ bi kich thich, bal dn, O mpt sd Ire thieu men d nhbm tuoi idn, xual hien nghien (rUdu, thub'c la ) de gay uy tin cho ban than, bit chap mpi ldi khuyen cua ngudi ldn Tre trd nen qua tfl tin, tfl kieu, tfl dai, Tre thieu nien co bieu hien khat vpng idm ngUdi ldn, nhUng ddi nhflng khat vong bieu hien d nhflng hinh thflc khdng phu hpp, chdng han khong nghe Idt, khbng tuan thu nhflng yeu cau, mac dfl dflng cua ngfldi idn hoac bieu hien tren net mat hoac phat nhflng am mang tinh chat khenh khang, dieu bd mat tfl nhien hoac it nhieu mang tinh chat bieu dien, Ire thie'u nien, khde manh, luc 16 tudi, thudng xuat hien "pha yen tTnh"- hanh vi phu hpp, quan he vdi ngUdi xung quanh hoan loan binh thfldng Nhflng bieu hien bat thudng d Ire tudi thieu nien deu lien quan den rdi loan he than kmh, Khung hoang Ifla tudi Ihudng dien vdi cac bien doi than kinh npi tiep phUe tap, Ne'u tre da mac eac benh than kinh, nhflng bien doi Ihudng dan den roi loan sU phal tnen tam ly Ngoai ra, sU Ihay ddi than kmh npi tiel d nhdng benh nhi thudng d i n den sU mat can blng (lam cham lai hoac phat trien sdm) he thong chflc nang hay he thong chflc nang khac Sfl mat can blng thfldng xua't hien mdt each nhay elm eae giai doan khung hoang Ifla tuoi cae Ifla luoi sau cung cd the xay KHTL, trpng xdy dflng h§ thd'ng cdc gia tri, nguyen tic, chuan mflc dgo dfle vd hfldng vi^c giao dye, tu dfldng ren luyen cua Ihanh nidn theo nhflng nguyen tie, chuan mUc db Mat khae, di ddi vdl "xdy" cfin kfit hpp chdl che vdi "chdng" dgc biet, c i n khlc phyc vd tflng bfldc day Ifli cac hien tUpng lieu cflc xa hdi dd vd dang cd I n h hfldng mgnh me, trflc tiep den viec gido dye dgo dflc cua ni§n hien nhu: chu nghTa ca nhan, quan lieu tham nhung, sfl thoat hoa bien chll ve dao dflc, ldi sdng d mdt bb phan can bd, ding vien, cdng chflc Tgo dfl luan xa hpi tich cflc, khdng de thdi hu lal x l u , loi sd'ng tidu Cflc, Irdi vdl chuin m^/c dgo dUc cua ddn tdc lac ddng vdo Ihanh nidn Dao dflc dflde hinh va phat trien tren cP sd tfl giac, tfl nguyen, bang tinh cam, ly tri cua ngudi, khbng phai blng cudng che, bit bude Do vdy, giao due dao ddc cho nien tren cd sd van dyng phUdng phap neu gUPng dao dflc cua Chii tieh Ho Chi Minh la het sfle can thiet, khoa hpc va higu qua Giao due dgo dflc cho nien theo phfldng thflc Id mflt nhflng dfldng bien phap tot nhat gbp phan xdy dflng nhflng eon ngfldi mdi XHCN vfla 'hdng", vfla "chuyen"- nhdn id bao dam nen mdng vflng chle cho sfl phal tnen cua dat nfldc HoChlMmhloan^,tap12,NX8CTQG, H, 1996, tr 558 2H6ChfMinh Io^t^,tap1,NXB CTQG,H 1996, tr,263