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Khung hoang tam ly hoc ducmg: Thuc trang va giai phap Nguyin Thi Nhung ' Hoc vien Canh sat nhdn ddn Email: nhungsonglovp@gmail.com Nhan ngdy 10 thdng ndm 2019 Chdp nhan ddng 16 thdng ndm 2019 Tom tat: Hien nay, nhieu hgc sinh cd bieu hien rdi loan ve tam ly (lo au, tram cam); roi loan phat trien va ky nang nha trudng (nhu doc, viet, tinh toan); rdi loan Ve hanh vi (nhu gay rdi, bo hgc, trgm cap) Dieu khien nhieu hgc sinh gap khdng it khd khan hgc tap, tu duang dao diic, xay dung ly tudng sdng cho minh ciing nhu xac djnh each thuc ung xd cho phit hgp vdi cac mdi quan he xung quanh Vi vay hgc sinh rdt can su giiip da ciia cac nha chuyen mon, ciia cac thdy cd giao va cha me; cac em deu cd nhu cau can dugc sy giiip dd cua ngudi ldn de thoat khdi sy khiing hoang ve tam ly qua trinh phat trien ciia minh Tu khoa: Giao dye, khiing hoang, tdm ly hgc dudng Phao loai nganh: Tam ly hgc Abstract: Nowadays, many school pupils show signs of psychological disorders (anxiety, depression), developmental disorders and those related to school skills, such as reading, writing, calculating, as well as behavioural disorders, such as troublemaking, dropouts, and theft Those phenomena cause many difficulties for them in studying, cultivating morality, and developing ideals of life, as well as determining how to behave in accordance with the surrounding relationships Therefore, they require the help of professionals, teachers, and parents They all need the help of adults to escape the psychological crises arising during their development process Keywords: Education, crisis, school psychology Subject classitlcation: Psychology I Mff dau Su phat triln vdi tdc nhanh vd ddy biln ddng cita n i n kinh t l - xa hdi da dem din cho qua trinh sdng, hgc t^p va ren luyen cua hge sinh phd thdng cdng nhieu ca hdi, nhung ciing chda dyng nhidu ydu td bat lgi ddi vdi su phdt tridn nhanj;ach cua eac em hoc sinh Nhu cdu dugc hd trg vd mat tinh thdn de phat tridn thuan Igi nhdt cang 103 Khoa hoc xa hdi VietNam, sd - 2019 trd nen cap bdch hem ddi vdi the he tre Ban thdn boat ddng giao due cdc nha trudng cung cdn dugc lam phong phu them vdi nhflng hieu biet sdu sac hon ve mat tam ly cua hgc sinh de tao dieu kidn thich nghi hda ndi dung giao due theo didu kien va kha nang cua ngudi hgc Mdi trudng hge dudng d Viet Nam da ed nhftng chuydn ddng vugt bde ed vd chdt lugng, sd lugng, nhung ciing di kem vdi mdt ngudn nhu cau rgng ldn viec glai quyet cac vdn de tdm ly cd lien quan Do do, nhu cau ve boat ddng tdm ly hgc dudng de hd trg hgc tap va nang cao ehdt lugng mdi trudng giao due tai Viet Nam la rdt cap thiet [10] Neu ldm tdt cdng tac tdm ly hgc dudng, se ban chd tinh trang hgc sinh hu hdng, quay pha, bd hgc, trdm cam ; ngan ehan kip thdi tinh trang bao lyc hgc dudng da va dang gdy ndi lo cua phu huynh hgc sinh va toan xa hdi; giup eho hgc sinh dinh hudng dugc tdm Iy, tu tudng, hinh thaiih nhdn each diing ddn vd trd cdng dan tdt cho xa hdi Bai viet ban ve vdn dd khung hoang tdm Iy hgc dudng, thuc trang va giai phap Thuc trang khung hoang tam ly hoc dudng 2.1 Mdt hicng thu hpc tap Ben canh nhiing hgc sinh vui thich, dam me vdi viec hgc tap thi cung cd mdt bd phan khdng nhd cac em khdng thich hgc, ehan hge, nguyen nhdn la mdt thu hgc tap Sy thii khdng phai la mgt phan bdt bien dae tnmg eho bat ki mdt mdn hgc ndo ca? Vi vay, tac nhan gdy mdt thu chdc chdn khdng thd thudc ve ban than mdn hgc, ma no nam d nhiing nguyen nhdn 104 khdc Do khdng hidu bai tren ldp ndn eac em se thdy khd khdn tidp thu kidn thde Do dd, eac em duong nhien khdng the ed thu hge va kit qua hgc tap ludn di xudng la dilu dd hilu Day la mdt hien tugng khdng hidm gap bdi canh giao dye hidn nay, ma vide hgc don thuan d Idp khdng thd dap ung dii dugc nhu edu tuong duong vdi trinh dd eua mdi hgc sinh sT so ldp qua ddng Khdng nhung thd, tde ddng td mdi trudng cdng cd anh hudng nhat dinh tdi kdt qua hgc tap cua moi hgc sinh Ddi khdng cd thu hgc ciing bat ngudn tu cdng tdc gidng day Chiing ta edn phai y thuc Iai ve viec gidng day Giao vidn, trudc hit phai la ngudi ggi md, ddn dat va phdi tao dugc su hdng thu viec tidp thu kien thdc cua hgc sinh Vdi mdt cd giao ndi tieng nghiem khac, thi duong nhien khd CO the tao thii hgc tap cho cdc em, ma thay vao chi la tam ly sg sai ma cac em ludn phai tri sudt gid hgc Chucmg trinh hgc tap edn nhidu bdt cap, nang ve mat tri lyc cua hgc sinh (ddi hdi khd ndng ghi nhd - tai hidn cao), cae van dd khac nhu ky ndng sdng, ky ndng giao tiep, sinh hoat ngoai khod thi md nhat, tham chi khdng ed dieu kien dd td chuc thuc hidn Dieu dang tao mdt sue ep rat ldn ddi vdi hgc sinh vide tidp thu va ghi nhd bai hgc Ddy eiing la ly vi ma hgc sinh eo xu hudng hgc tu, hgc lech Cac em phdi hgc rdt nhieu mdn, tilp xiic vdi rat nhidu khai nien mdi, trdu tugng va sdu sac hem Khi hge len cao cac em cdn phdi ddu tu rat nhieu vdo mdn hgc dd hilu nhftng gi dugc truyln dat Cung vi nhu vay ma cac em can cd thdi gian hgp Iy va cd mdt each hgc hieu qua GS.TS Pham Phu (Thanh vien Hdi ddng Giao due Qudc gia) Nguyin Thj Nhung cho rdng: "Chuang trinh gido due hien qua nang nl, qua han ldm Chung ta can giai quydt vdn dd Neu chiing ta giai quydt dugc viec chiing ta se giai quylt duge rdt nhieu van de khac, tu ty td vi dp luc ddn day them hgc them" [12] Dd khdng it hgc sinh chgn cho minh each hgc tu, hgc lech NghTa la cac em chi chu trgng ddn nhiing mdn minh thich va eiing xac dinh dd la nhung mdn minh thi de vuon tdi cdp hgc eao hon Tai nhd trudng cac chuang trinh giang day It cd sy tham gia tich cyc ciia hgc sinh, phuang phdp truyen dat thdng tin tu giao vien tdi hgc sinh van phd bidn hien nay, hge sinh phai chdp nhdn kidn thdc san cd va dugc kiem tra bang each hgc thudc long cdc bai gidng Cdc bdi hge lap di lap Iai da khdng tao eho tre thii vdi hgc tdp Giao vien gidng day cdn chay theo tich thi dua hgc tap gifta cac trudng, cdc qudn va phd Vi vdy cac em hgc sinh bat budc phai chay dua cung gido vien, vdi sd lugng bdi tap nhidu, cde em khdng chi hgc bdng thdi gian d tren ldp va thdi gian nghi d nha Nhftng em hgc kem cang phdi hgc nhieu hon dd theo kip eae ban cimg ldp Rdt nhidu hgc sinh va phu huynh qud ky vgng vdo nang luc cua ban thdn hoac minh Ben canh la vide tao dp lyc hgc tap cho dat ldn nhitng ky vgng qua kha nang cd the dat dugc khidn hgc sinh ehan nan, khdng thich, tham chi la "sg" hgc Khi da sg rdi thi chac ehan hgc sinh khdng thd tim thdy nidm vui viec hgc tap: "Cac em sd khd khdn vide the hien ban thdn, tang muc stress va tich hgc tap giam, dd danh mat nhidu ca hdi cdng tuong lai" [14] Nguyen Thi Binh cho rdng: "Ap luc hgc tap ^Id mdt nhihig nguyen nhdn chinh khien tre de bi rdi loan tdm ly Hien tai, khdi lugng hgc cdc mdn van hda d trudng ma cae phai hgc la rdt ldn Vl nhd, cdc cdn phai di hgc them, hgc ngoai ngft Thdi gian di hgc cdn nhilu ban bd me di lam Mdi hgc tilng d tmdng, hgc them d nhd, hgc cac mdn ndng khilu, tre thilu thdi gian trdng dl chai thi thao hay tham gia cac hoat dgng xa hdi, dilu khidn tre dd bi "mu mi", thilu ky nang sdng, kinh nghiem sdng" [11] 2.2 Xu hu&ng trdm cdm ngdy cdng tdng Rdi loan trdm edm ed the la ket qua ciia nhieu yeu td Trong do, yeu td tdm Iy - xd hgi la mdt nhiing nguyen nhdn khdi phat mdt giai doan tram cam d hgc sinh phd bidn nhat Day la yeu td nguy eo dang ke ddi vdi viec tri rdi loan tram cam d Ida tudi hgc dudng Nhirng ap luc hgc tap cang thdng, ddc biet la vao mua thi cu ciing khien cho cac em phdi chiu nhieu lo ldng, rdi loan tinh thdn Khdng nhirng thdy cd giao ma nhidu bdc eha me eung ky vgng qua nhieu d tre, dieu ciing tao dp lye cho cac em Cac em thudng nghT rdng ngudi ldn da qua dp dat, khdng ed sy thdu hilu ddn din cam gidc chdn sdng vd xu ly sy viec rdt tieu cue Nha nghidn cdu tam Iy hge Do Nggc Khanh cho rdng: "Tam trang chdn nan dnh hudng' din kha nang tidp nhan nhftng nhan thdc tich cyc va tidu cyc cd lien quan Do do, nhan thue tieu cyc xudt hien da tao trdm cam va ngugc lai, trdm cam lam tang nhijng suy nghT tieu cue va nhftng nhdn thuc tidu cue ndy se lam trdm cam nang hon Mdi quan he tucmg hd giua trim cam 105 Khoahgcxahdi VietNam, sd 9-2019 va nhdn thue tieu cue la co sd tao thdnh ehu ky Iuan qudn se keo ddi va tang cudng trdm cdm [2] Nhu vdy, neu khdng cd cac gidl phap kip thdi de giup hge sinh thodt khdi trang thdi tram earn, lo du thi he luy la rat khd ludng Theo mdt ket qud khdo sat, van de rdi loan tdm thdn d hgc sinh la dang bao ddng Ty le stress d hgc sinh chiem hem 35,1%; lo du la 59%) va trdm edm la 38,7%) Trong do, nhieu tre dang ddi mat vdi nhiing van de nghiem trgng ve mat sue khde tam thdn, khdng it trudng hgp mac ca vdn de neu tren [18] 2.3 Bgo liec hpc du&ng gia tdng Tinh trang bao lyc hgc dudng hien dang trd ndn kha phd bien tai hau het nhiing qudc gia tren the gidi Ddy ciing Id vdn dd chung cua giao due qudc td Tai Viet Nam, bao lyc hgc dudng hien dang la van dd rat nghiem trgng "Theo mdt so lieu cua Bg Giao due va Dao tao, ehi mdt nam hge, toan qudc xay gan 1600 vy hgc sinh danh va ngoai trudng hgc Cung theo mdt sd thdng ke, khoang 5.200 hgc sinh thi cd mdt vy danh va 11.000 hgc sinh thi cd mdt em bj thdi hgc vi ddnh nhau" [15] Dieu cho thay, tinh trang bao luc hge dudng dang la van dd nhuc nhdi tai mgi cap hgc, ldp hgc vdi muc gia tang cang cao va hdu qud cang Idn Giai phap khac phuc khung hoang tam ly hoc dudng Mpt Id, giao vien chu nhiem khdng phdi ehi la day cho cac em vd kien thue, ma 106 phdi giup eac em hinh nhan each; khdng chi Id day chft ma cdn phdi day ngudi Vi le ma su nghidp giao due dugc menh danh Id "trdng ngudi" Viec trdng ngudi ddi hdi phai cd su chung tay gop sue eiia cdc lyc lugng xa hdi, ma quan trgng nhdt la sy phdi hgp an y, chat che giua gia dinh va nha tnrdng Vdi mdt sd hgc sinh, gia dinh khdng phai la chdn binh ydn, khdng phdi Id nai ma em mudn quay ve sau mdi di hge O tudi mdi ldn, vi ludn mudn dugc quan tam, ddi cdc em thdi phdng van de ciia minh ldn qua mdc, khiln cho vide nhd trd nen trdm trgng Neu khdng dugc kjp thdi giup do, cam thay khdng quan tam ddn minh, cac em se ty gidi quydt vdn de vd thdng thudng la nhiing each xu ly tieu cue, ddi gay hau qua vd eimg tram trgng Vdi tu each la giao vien chu nhidm (GVCN), ngudi thay can phai cd dii thdi gian, du kidn nhdn, du ban ITnh va quan trgng nhdt la phai cd du tinh thucmg de eo the lang nghe, thdng cam, thdu hieu, chia se va dinh hudng eho cac em each gidi quylt nhung van dd khd khan cudc sdng Tuy nhien, khdng ndn chd ddn that su cd vdn dd rdi mdi di tim cdch giai quyet, ma phdi phdt hidn duge vdn de nd tilm dn, ngan ehan nhiing tinh hudng xdu phat sinh Mudn lam dugc dieu do, tu ddu nam hge, khi,vua nhdn ldp, GVCN phai tim hidu that can ke tinh hinh hgc sinh thdng qua cdc ngudn khac Tu ban than cac em thdng qua Phieu thdng tin ca nhdn, ed the nam duge hoan canh kinh t l gia dinh tinh hinh nha d, mdi quan he gia dinh xa hdi, nhung udc mudn, sd trudng, nhung Nguyen Thj Nhung khd khan nlu co Vdi nhung thdng tin ddu chuong tnnh Nhung boat ddng ngodi nha tien nay, GVCN c6 thd sang lge chgn trudng thdng thudng se giup cho thdy va trd nhiing hgc sinh cd hoan eanh ddc biet de gdn gui, gdn bd vdi nhau, dl cam thdng cho nlu cdn, thu thdp thdm thong tin vd cac em Viec dd hge sinh ty thuc hien hoat thdng qua ban be, cha me, GVCN hay thdy dgng ngoai gid Ien ldp vda phat huy dugc cd eft cua cac em Tuy nhidn, cugc nang lyc sang tao cua cac em, vua tao dilu sdng, khdng cd gi la khdng thd xdy Vi kien cho eac em thd hidn eac ky nang sdng vay, ddi vdi nhflng hgc sinh dugc danh gid can cd: ky nang boat dgng nhdm, ky ndng that binh thudng vd hoan canh, vd tam Iy, hgp tac, ky ndng the hien sy ty tin, ky nang cung khdng nen chu quan cho rdng khdng giao tiep Trong qua trinh lam vide, cac cdn phai quan tdm den ede em GVCN phdi em se thdt chat thdm tmh doan kit, se cd the hien su quan tdm cua minh den vdi timg duge nhung ky niem khd qudn cho thdi hgc sinh, nhung ciing phdi dat trgng tdra, trdng cua minh trgng diem d mdt sd hgc sinh cd biet Song Hai Id, boat ddng tu van tdm Iy hge song do, GVCN eung can tu hinh thdnh cho dudng can dugc bat ddu d edp THCS vi hgc minh mdt mang ludi thu thap thong tin sinh d cap hgc nay, d tudi day thi hay rieng tu cac ngudn: giao vien bd mdn, tudi "ndi loan" ed tam sinh Iy phdc tap Ddi giam thj phy trach ldp, cha me, ban be cua vdi cac trudng, td chdc "Phdng tu vdn tdm hgc sinh Iy - hudng nghiep" edn ehu y Thanh lap Td Sau nam chac dugc tinh hinh hgc tu vdn tdm ly mdt vien ban gidm sinh, GVCN tidn hanh budc thd hai: quan hieu true tiep phu trach Phd bien vd muc sat Quan sat dd phat hidn nhitng thay ddi dich, ndi dung cua boat dgng tu vdn tdm Iy hdnh vi, nhirng hien tugng bat thudng hgc dudng dd giao vidn, hgc sinh, eha me ddi sdng hgc dudng, quan sdt nhiing hgc sinh hieu va cd edi nhin diing dan vdi bieu hien ciia hgc sinh cd nguy co rdi nhieu nhung hgc sinh tim ddn Phdng tu vdn tam ly Dd cd the la nhitng bieu hidn nhd: di Td Tu vdn tdm Iy can cd mang ludi cdng tre, nghi hge khdng xin phep, bd tiet Va tae vidn la GVCN, GV tdng pbu trach, can nghiem trgng hem, nhu vi pham kidm tra, bd ldp dl nim bdt tinh hinh nhdm chu dgng vo le vdi giao vien Vdi nhiing hgc sinh tu vdn hay tu van phdng ngua; khdng thu ca biet, viec nghi hgc, bd tiet la chuyen ddng chd hgc sinh tu den nhd tu van Cae thudng ngay, nhung vdi rihung hgc sinh vien Td tu vdn tam ly chu ddng gidi vdn ngoan ngoan, cham chi thi mdt bieu thidu ddn hge sinh boat ddng eda phdng tu hien nhd nhdt cung la didu cdn luu y van tam ly qua trang tin dien td ciia trudng, Ngoai ra, nham xdy dyng mdi trudng tra ldi thdc mdc cua hgc sinh qua thu dien tdm Iy thudn lgi cho hgc sinh, GVCN can td td tao cho hgc sinh cd nhu cau va kich chuc cac hoat dgng tap thd, vui choi, boat thich nhu cdu su dung tu vdn tdm Iy hgc ddng gido due pham vi ldp chu dudng dl ndng cao ehdt lugng cugc sdng, nhiem Dd cd thd la mdt chuydn da ngoai hgc tap cua cac em Bd tri Phdng tu vdn tam ly - hudng nho nhd, mdt hoat dgng ngoai gid len ldp chinh cac em thiet kd va thye hidn nghidp d noi kin dao, lich sy tao tam ly 107 Khoahgcxahdi VietNam, sd9-2019 thoai mai, gdn gdi eho hgc sinh din lien he; khdng dimg chung vdi cac phdng khac Nen trang bi mdt sd sdch, bao ma hgc sinh ua thich phdng Ngodi viee tu vdn rieng hgc sinh cd nhu cau, Td tu van tdm ly can td chdc cac budi ndi chuydn, hgi thao de tu vdn chung cbo hgc sinh (tu vdn truyen thdng) va tao dieu kien de hgc sinh dugc ddi thoai Td tu vdn cdn phdi hgp chat che vdi cac lue lugng khac va ngoai nhd trudng thdy can thiet cd sy hd trg dac biet Khdng chi tu vdn cho hgc sinh ma cdn phdi tu van cho ca cha me hgc smh de hg biet each qudn Iy cdi va phat hien sdm nhirng tdm tu, bidu hidn ciia hgc sinh thi vide tu van cho hgc sinh mdi thye sy hieu qua Giao vien tu vdn hay tu van vidn phdi thdn thien, kheo leo ggi md de hgc sinh "trdi long" va phai gift bi mat thdng tin ma hgc sinh tiet Id Lam de hge sinh tin tudng vd thich ddn Phdng tu vdn tdm ly vao gid choi-hay luc ranh rdi de trd chuydn va dugc thdu hieu Nhu vdy, hoat dgng tu van tam ly thuc sy can thiet mdi nha trudng, cdn dugc sy quan tam dung muc va kip thdi cua cac cap quan ly gido due, nham eimg cap cho hgc sinh "lieu thudc tinh than", giup cdc em vugt qua nhiing khiing hoang tam ly Hoat dgng eiing giup giai quydt nhung nhiing khd khan eua hgc dudng va cua xa hdi Ba la, phai kdt hgp chat che gifta gia dinh, nhd trucmg va xa hdi vide gido due, ren luyen dao due, ldi sdng cho hgc sinh Day la vdn de cd y nghTa quan trgng nham phdt huy sue manh tdng hgp ciia cae td chuc, cde lyc lugng cung cham lo giao due, ren luyen dao due, ldi sdng cho hgc sinh, smh vien, hinh phdm ehat cao dep cua ngudi mdi xa hdi chu nghTa Trudc bit gia dinh la noi luu giu cac gid tri dao due truyln thdng tdt dep cua ddn tde, la mdi trudng ddu tidn hinh dao ddc cho hge sinh, sinh vidn Gia dinh la noi ma tinh yeu qud huong, ddt nudc, yeu thucmg ngudi dugc truydn tu thd he sang the he khdc Do dd gia dinh, dng ba, cha me phdi that sy mau myc, Idm guong vd dao ddc, ydu thuong, chdm lo bdi dudng the he tre Hien sue ep ve lao ddng, viec lam khidn cho khdng it cac bac Idm cha, lam me mai midt muu sinh hoac chi lo Iam giau ma thieu quan tam viec gido due dao due cho cai, hoac khodn trang cho nhd trucmg va xa hgi Nhieu cai vi pham dao due hoac vi pham phap luat ma cha me khdng he hay bidt, hoac khdng bidt each ngan ehan, phdng ngira Dd giao due dao due cho nien, mdi gia dinh edn gift gin dao due, ndn nep gia phong, phdt huy cac gia trj dao ddc truydn th6ng, lam cho cdc gia tri cang toa sang, gdp phan bdi dudng tu tudng tirih cam cao dep cho the he chdu Nha trudng khdng chi day chu, day nghd ma cdn la noi day ngudi Giao due Iy tudng, dao Iy lam ngudi la ngi dung giao due hang dau nha trudng hidn va phai dac bidt coi trgng Mgt sd nhd trudng mdi chi quan tdm trang bi kien thdc chuyen mdn, tay nghl ma xem nhe hoac thieu quan tdm giao due dao due, ldi sdng cho hgc sinh, sinh vien Hgc sinh, sinh vien dang sdng thdi ky bung nd thdng tin, kinh tl tri thdc phat trien manh me, giao luu qudc tl cdng md rdng Hgc sinh, sinh vien da vd dang chiu anh hudng ca mat tieh cyc va mat tieu cyc tu mdi trucmg kinh td, xa hdi Vi Nguyin Thj Nhung v^y cac td chdc, doan the, cac don vi luc lugng vu trang can quan tam dinh hudng tao mdi trudng thudn Igi de hge sinh, sinh vien phdn ddu, ren luyen, trucmg thdnh Cdp uy dang, chinh quydn, mat tran, doan thi, nhdt la Doan nidn Cdng sdn Hd Chi Minh cdn td chue nhieu hoat ddng phong phii, da dang de thu hut, rdn luyen hgc sirih, sinh vien theo cde chudn muc dao due each mang Kip thdi bieu duong, nhdn rgng each lam hay va kien quydt udn nan nhiing thieu sdt, lech lac, nhflng bieu hien lech chuan dao due, Idi sdng eua nien Bdn Id, phdt huy vai trd ty hgc tap, ty du dudng, ren luyen dao due, ldi sdng cua hgc sinh Phdt huy vai trd tu duong dao due ldi sdng la bien phap quan trgng giiip cde em nhanh chong tidn bd, trudng Dd edn la dieu kien quydt dinh kdt qua ren luyen cua mdi ea nhdn Trudc hdt phdi hinh cho cdc em ddng co phan ddu, ren luyen diing ddn, Iam cho mdi ngudi cd y thuc Iam chu, ham hgc hdi, cau tien bg, vuon Ien ty khang dinh minh Can tao mgi didu kidn thudn lgi dd eac em phdn ddu, ren luyen; ddng thdi phai thudng xuyen theo ddi, kilm tra, danh gia kit qua, dinh hudng phan ddu Quan tam dap iing nhung nhu cau chinh dang eua eac em ve vat ehdt, tinh than; giao nhiem vu phu hgp vdi sd trudng, nang khieu dac didm tam, sinh Iy dk cac em rdn luyen dao due, ldi sdng Cac em phdi xde djnh ro traeh nhiem trudc Td qudc va lihdn ddn, song cd ly tudng, cd hoai bao, khat khao vuan tdi cai mdi, cai tidn bd Bdn than phai ty giac ren luyen, bidt ty kiem che, bidt vugt qua nhitng cam dd va tieu eye xa hdi, nhitng bieu hidn ciia chu nghTa ca nhdn, ich ky, thuc dyng, lgi minh hai ngudi Cdn phai tu tin vao chinh minh, giii vflng niem tin cudc sdng, vao cac gia tri chdn, thien, my; vugt qua mgi khd khdn gian khd nhu Bac Hd da day; gian nan ren luyen mdi edng Tbyc hien tdt mgt sd gidi phap giao dye ren luyen dao dde each mang thdi ky cdng nghidp hda, hien dai hda hdi nhdp kinh te quoc tl la gdp phdn dao tao, giao due chu nhdn tuong lai dua nudc nha viing budc tidn cimg cac dan tdc tidn tien Ndm Id, da den Iiic can phdi ddi mdi hoan toan each thdc ma Idu ehiing ta da dung dd gido due dao due hgc sinh Ban thdn giao dye da mang tinh xa hdi hda, Nha nude edn tao didu kien dd toan dan tham gia vao cdng tac giao due Didu quan trgng la cdn cd mdt mdi trudng xa hdi lanh manh, mgi ngudi sdng tudn thu phap ludt va tdn trgng nhirng gia tri dao ddc xa hdi Mdt mdi trucmg xa hgi tdt se tdc ddng vao nhan thdc eda cac em eung phai tuan thu nhiing nguyen tdc dng xu da duge hgc nha trudng ma ca xa hdi dang dp dyng Vide khd khdn nhdt euge ddi cua mdi ngudi la nudi day mgt dda tre trudng [17] Hanh trinh trudng thdnh ciia mdt dda tre, vdi bilt bao nhung bidn chuyin tam Iy va rdi loan tdm ly, can cd su ddng hanh, tdn trgng va chia se tu phia ngudi ldn, tii phia xa hdi, dk cac em sdng diing vd sdng dep vdi Ida tudi ciia minh Ket luan Hgc sinh cdn y thde dugc su cdn thilt ciia viec trau ddi cae kiln thuc tdm ly hgc va cac kiln thuc xa hdi khac dd hilu dugc tdm ly eua ban than va tu nhan vdn dd kho khdn cua minh Hgc sinh nen chudn bi tam 109 Khoa hgc xa hoi Viet Nam sd9-2019 the trudc mgi hoan canh, sdn sang ddn nhdn thu thdch, khd khan cugc sdng, hgc tap va nd lyc tim each khac phue chiing Cde nhd quan ly edn Idm tdt cdng tac tuyen truyen cho hgc sinh, phu huynh va nhirng ngudi lam cdng tdc giao due nhdn thde dugc tinh cap thidt cdng tde hd trg tam Iy hgc dudng, ma cdng tae tham vdn hgc dudng la boat ddng can thiet bdt cu mdt nha trudng phd thdng nao tao ndn chdt lugng cudc sdng hgc sinh va dam bdo giao due toan dien cho hoc sinh Tai [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 110 [71 Ddng Bich Thu^ (2018), "M^t s5 tilp c&n l^ thuyet nghien cihi bao I\rc hgc dudng hgc sinh" Tap chi Nghiin cuu Gia dinh vd Gidi, so [8] Nguyin Thj Nhu Trang (2016), "Bao lyc hgc duemg vd mo hinh can thifip trucmg hgc" Tap chi Tdm ly hgc, so [9] Pham Vdn Tu (2016), Tdm ly' hgc xd hgi, Nxb Dai hgc Su ph?im Ha Ngi, Hd N^i [10] https://giaoducthoidai.vn/giao-duc/phat-trientam-ly-hoc-duong-3959232-b.hnnI [11] https://infonet.vn/bao-dong-tinh-trang-roiloan-tam-ly-o-hoc-sinh-do-ap-luc-hoc-hanhthi-cu-post25 8436.info lieu tham khao [12] https://tuoitre.vn/hoc-sinh-ap-luc-vi-phai-hocqua-nhieu-20180413170331243.htm Anh Hoa (2019), Thdu hiiu tdm ly hgc dudng, [13] http://daidoanket.vn/giao-duc/khong-chu-quanNxb Dan tri Ha N^i voi-tu-van-tam-ly-hoc-duong-tintuc428114 D6 Nggc Khanh (2018), "Bilu hien trdm cdm [14] http://baodongkhoi.vn/vi-sao-hoc-smh-matciia hgc sinh trung hgc ph6 thong", Tap chi tap-trung-trong-hoc-tap-28102012-a3051.html Tdm ly hgc, so [15] http://vgbc.org.vn/van-de-bao-luc-hoc-duongNguyin Thj Oanh (2003), Tu vdn tdm ly hgc va-giai-phap-khac-phuc/ dudng, Nxb Tre, Tp Hi Chi Minh [16] https://www.tienphong.vn/hoc-sinh-siiihNguyin Due Son (Chu bien) (2016), Gido vien/thieu-ky-nang-song-de-khien-gioi-tretrinh tdm ly hgc gido due, Nxb Dai hgc Su song-lech-lac-670872.tpo pham Hd NOi, Hd NOi [17] http://cadn.com.vn/news/137_120810_baoHuynh V3n San (Chu bien) (2017), Ky ndng dong-chung-roi-loan-tam-ly-hoc-duong.aspx phdng chdng bgo luc hgc dudng, Nxb Dai [ 18] https://dantri.com.vn/suc-khoe/bao-dong-tinhhgc Su pham Thdnh Ho Chi Minh, Tp trang-hoc-sinh-tram-cam-tu-tuH6 Chi Minh 20181121173011753.htm Trdn Thj L? Thu, Trdn Thanh Nam, Nguyin [19] https://www.slideshare.net/ebookfree247/hanhThj Phugng (2019), Cdm nang tdm ly vi-bao-luc-hoc-duong-qua-khao-sat-y-kienhoc dudng, Nxb Vdn hod - Vdn ngh$, Tp H6 hoc-sinh-mot-so-truong-pho-thong-tai-tp-hoChi Minh chi-minh
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