DIEN CAN "PAY TOT Vl N6U6I HOC THE KI XXI" iTS Thuc hien Kehoach cua Bq tnrdng Bd GD BT vi viec thin k/iai Tuan IS loan ciu hanh ddng giao due cho moi ngudi nam 2013, Tap chi Giio due mddiki dan Day t[.]
DIEN CAN "PAY TOT Vl N6U6I HOC THE KI X X I " i T S Thuc hien Kehoach cua Bq tnrdng Bd GD-BT vi viec thin k/iai Tuan IS loan ciu hanh ddng giao due cho moi ngudi nam 2013, Tap chi Giio due mddiki dan Day tot vi nguH hoc IheidXXr dang tii cic bai viit v4 dc ndi dung: - Bdi canh qude ti va nudc liin quan din phat Iridn ddi ngu nha giio va ning cao chit Iuqng giio due Ihi ki XXI cua Viet Nam; - Cac phim chit va nang lue cin cd oia ngudi hoe ciia giio viin cin bd quan IIgiio due va eae giai phip dining eao chil Iuqng ddi ngu nha giio chat luang giio due dip Ong nhu ciu eOa moi ddi tupng ngudi hoc thikiXXi: - Cac sang kiin, kinh nghiim vi vide phdi hap dc luc Iuqng (gia dinh nhi tnrdng va xa hdi} di dam bio day tdt, hqc tdt nhi tnrdng vi xiy dimg xi hdi hoe tap Diin dan niy kit thuc vio dip Klniim Ngay nhi giio Wit Ham 20/11/2013 MO HINHDAO TAO GIAO VIEN THEO DINH HUOWG PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC NGHE TS V U THI S O N Khai niem "Mdhinh dao tao giao vien" Thuat ngi?m6 hinh dao taogiao vien (OTGV) bai khong mang y nghTa cua mpt mo hinh vat chat ma la motmo hinh ll thuyet, dung ngon ngCrde mo ta nhiing net dae trtmg cua viec lam "san pham dao tao (OT)", tuc la nhan each cuaGV TrongOTGVco hai thuat ngOphobien la "mo hinh dao tao noi tiep" va "mo hinh dao tao song song", d "mo hinh DT noi tiep", qua trinh DTGV di/oc tht/c hien theo hai giai doan: giaidoan DT chuyen nganh diln ta/oc, sau doden glai doan OT nghiep vu nghe; d "mo hinh BT song song", qua trinh dao tao (QTDT) ve nghe difcfc thyc hien cung v6i DT ve khoa hoc chuyen nganh {nhung chua ro ehung coduoc gan ket, tich hop v6inhau hay khongj.Oieu cho thay each phan biet giQa haimo hinh DT duoc dya tren cau tnic cua ke hoach DT hay ke hoach thyc hien hai khoi noi dung chinh cht/ong trinh OTGV Go nhieu thuat ngu dung de chi cac mo hinh OTGV khac nua, nhu: mo hinh OTGV dya tren nang luc thuc hien -mo hinh OTGV cho SV duoc caiu tnjc theo chirong trinh hoae nam; hay mo hinh DTG Vcho nhihig ngu^datot nghiep daihgc.mo hinh theo dinh hudng dau ra;m6 hinh OTGV dua tren nghien ciM hoae cac mo hinh DTG Vfiay tfiekhac; Ten goi cua cac mo hinh dugc dung de lam rocach tiep can, phuong thiJcde thyc hien OTGV Mo hinh DTGVtheodinh hirdng phat trioinang liJcnghe{NLN) Mo hinh DTGVtheodjnh huong phattrien NLN decap 2khiacanh:1)NLNlamyctieucuaOTGV;2)OTGVdi/oc djnh hudngboimuctieu phattrien NLN ddau cuaQTOT Khai niem DTGV theo djnh hudng phattrien nang lye b5tdau xuat hien vao nhimg nam 1970 Trong cong trinh nghien ctiu cuamlnh, cac tac gia Arends, Maslava Weber (1971) da de cap den tieu chi duoc dung de danh gia 62 Tap chi Gido due so 311 sinh vien (SV), bao gom kien thiic, nSng iyc thyc hien va san pham.Oanh gia SV khong chi ve nhan thiic ma ca d nang Iyc hoatdpng va ketqua day hpc da cho thay nhffng dinh hudng mdi DTGV Dae biet hon, tac dpng day hpc cua giao sinti dd'i vdi hoc tap cua hpc sinh cung da duoc dira vao nhu mot tieu chi danh gia ket qua hpc nghe cua SV Oieu dd cho thay, yeu cau ve nang Iyc thychien ddi vdi giao sinh da duoc dat QTOT TAPE, Queensland chi r§ng OT dya tren nang Iyc nh j ^ manh den nhirng pham chat ma mpt ngudi da hoan khoa DT cd the lam duoc moi trudng viec thyc Dieu dd cho thay dao tao giao vien theo nang Iycnghe{OTGVTNLN) cd tinh Viyc te hon, coi phat trien NLN d ngudi hpc Trong qua trinh xay dyng md hinh OTGVTNLN, can tra ldi ba cau hoi sau: 1) NhQng NLN nao can dugc hinh ffianh oSVtrongDTban dau?Caii hdinaynhan manh den ddi hdi ket qua dau phai duoc thiet ke tri;dc Oay chinh la mo hinh ve "san pham"DT Tdnhung mdtave san pham, viec xay dyng npi dung, lap kehoach, td'chuc thyc hien va danh gia ket qua hpc tap cija SV theo dose duoc tien hanh Nhu vay, muc tieu dau vua !a thydc chat luong OT vda la vat chuan de mpi yeu to cua QTDT hudng den de hien thuc hoa no; 2) Lam thenao dephat trien nhiing NLN rfadt/pcractfffj/?(?SK?Cau hdi tap trung vao v ^ lam ro "qua trinh gia cdng" de lam "san pham" OT day khong chinhung noi dung, kien thdc nao can duoc ngucri hpc chiem linh thong qua chuong trinh OT ma quan trpng htm phuong thi/c DT duoc to chdc the nao de ngudi hpc lam chd duoc hoat ddng dpng su pham, dap dng yeu cau cong viec Cdthe thay, OTGVTNLN nhan manh den viec xaydung va ren luyen nang luc ihuc hien cua SV ehukhong qua chu trpng dCTiittiuyethan lam,xa rdi thyc tiln; 5J fling * Vi^n Nghiei crt » pham - TnTding Bai hoc su pham Ha Npi -(kil-6/2013) cac/7 nao denhan biet (hay do) dugc suphat imi NLN a thdng Ion tao sdc manh long hep va bdsung, h i tronhau S/?Cau hdinaympt mat hi/dng dwi khach quan hoa hay eac hoat dong giao due chuan hoa cac tieuchido, thude va thang ketquahpc ^^OrGftteod/n/ihi/dnjmoctfeude cap hai khia tgp cua SV cung nhu chait luong OT cua co sdOT Mat canh: muc tieu dau cua QTOT laxay dung dngutii hpc khac, nd ddi hdi QTOT phai ducfc quan Ii mot each khach nhQng nang Iyc thyc hien cac hoat dpng nghe nghiep co quan ngudi hpc ta/dng qua tdng don vj hpc tap, tdng ban;vamue tieu phat trien NLN se chiphdi toan bpQTOT giai doan cua QTDT Md hinh nha'n manh dinh huong phattrien nang VK Dae trung cua mo hinh DTGV theo hirdng phat hanh dpng dngucri hpc se chi phd) toan bp cacttianhtd, cac Wen NLN khau cua QTDT.Dodd, mo hinhDtGVTNLN:-M«: Cdnhieu tac gladacdging dua ranhCfng net dae trung tieu phallneh NLN dSVtotnghiepsedugcculhehoabing CO ban cua OTGVTNLN (1) Nhin Chung,cac tacgia deu CO chuan dau (CDR) cho QTOT CDR duoc hieu la quy su thong nhat viec chi mot sd net dae tnrng ciia djnh ve ngidung kien thtJc chuyen mon; kinang thuchanh, DTGVTNLNnhusau: kha nang nhan thuc cong nghe va giaiquyet van de; cong 1)MdhinhDTGVTNLNlamgtcautnjc-hethd'ng: viec ma ngudi hgc co thedam nhan sau tot nghiep va mpt don vj ddc lap, CO cau tnic hethong da tang.Tn/dc het, cacyeu cau dae thu khac ddi vdi tung trinh nganh D T nd vda la mot phan cac hethong - cau tnJc kJn Nhu vay, muc tieu nhan manh den tam quan trpng cua hon, CO tam vTmd (vi du hethong giao due quoc dan, he viec lua chpn nhiJng nang Iyc hoatdpng cuaGV vamiicdd thd'ng xa hpi, ) vda la mot he thdng bao gom nhiing he yeu cau ddi vdi SV dang hpc nghe de dua vao CO R; thong khac - CDR la CO sdde xay dung chuong tnnh dao tao (CTOT) Vdi tu each la mpt he thdng dpc lap, mo hinh Xac dinh he aidng trittilie va phuong thucOT dexay dyng DTGVTNLN bao gom nhieu yeu td-hpp phan,cdlien heva cac NLN da duoc lya chpn dngucnhpc la ddi hdi ciia viec xay anh hudng qua lai vdi nhau, cd cau tnic, binh dien khac dyng CTDT Hethong module DT nghe CTOT tiudng tuyttiupc vao tung gdc dp Sutae dpng tuong hdcua den vide thyc hien nhiing muc tieu phattrien NLN cu ttie, cac Ihanh td'trongcllu tmcse van hanh detam "san phSm nghia la, tung don vj npidung hoc tap cua CTOT ciJng phai OT", nghla la, nhan manh den md'i quan he phu thupc lln hudng den ketqua phattrien nhiing nang luccy ttie; -CCfl giiia cac phan md hinh OTGVTNLN la ca saxay dung tieu chi va Ihudc kel qua phat trim M§t khac, mdi yeu tdcunglamdt hethong cau tnJc gom cac NLN dngudi hgc cung nhu chat lugng CTDT QanhQia don vj phan cua nd Cu the: - Xet ve mot chu trinh mire dp phat then NLN khong chidua tren ket qua kiem tra BT,cdcyeu to'thanh phan bao gom dau vao, quatrinh "gia kien thiic, kl nang, thai dp mdt each rieng le ma can dua cong san pham", dau Mdi to'chua dyng nhieu tren ca nhiing san pham hpctap cua SV, nhimg ketqua tac phln, ddng thdi, cac yeu to deu cd sy tac dpng qua lai ddng cua SV den thyc tiln nha tnidng qua trinh thue vdinhau;-XetvequatrinhDT,eaethanht6baogdmmuc hanh nghe beu, npidung -chuong trinh, phuong thdcDT, danh gia ket 3) DTGVTNLN mang tinh thuc tiin: Tinh ttiyc quaOT Mdithanh (ddeu bao gdm nhieu mat, nhieu khia tiln cua md hinh OTGVTNLN the hien dehd muc tieu c^nh khac va cd sy tac ddng qua lai vdi cac td DT ia de xay dyng d ngudi hpc nang lye thyc hien cac khac; - Xet ve cac yeu td tao nen chat lucmg san pham OT, hoait dpng co ban thyc tiln nghe hon la nhi/ng kien cacy& to phan bao gom tuyen sinh, chuong trinh va thuc, kTnang va thai dp mdt each rieng biet Quan trpng phutmg thuc OT, danh gia, cac yeu to dau tu (chat luong hon, chinh a qua trinh tong hop, van dyng nhi/ng kien giang vien, dieu kien trang thiet bi, co sdvat chat, ), mdi thuc, kl nang va thai dp dd duoc dien giai trudng nghe nghiep, Cac yeu todeu cdtac ddng den quyet cac tinh hud'ng thyc bdi canh cu the Vi the, va den chat luong san pham DT md hinh DTGVTNLN: - Nhung yeu cau ve NLN MSt khac, OTGV la mpt he thd'ng con, la tfianh phan ddi vdiS V se dugc xac dinh tu thuc tiin hoat dgng nghe ciJa mot he thong giao due toig the, bao gdm giao due tn/dc nghiep do'ivaiGV Nang luc hoat ddng thyc tien tudi hpc, giao due thdng (G DPT), giao due dai hpe va giao due phothong la hinh chieu cho nhi/ng yeu cau dat giaodycchuyennghiep-nghe.Oieunaynhan manh mdi ddi vdi dau cua QTOT (ta't nhien, cd sy khac Bn hd va anh humig lan giiia OTGV va cac giira nhiing yeu cau dd'i vdi GV dang qua trinh phln khac ciing mdt he thdng giao dye, dae biet la ddi cdng tac khac vdi nhi/ng yeu cau dat dd'i vdi SV dang vdi GDPT Cy the: GDPT cung caip dau vao cho OTGV: hpc nghe).Oieu nhan manh den qua trinh hpcnghe GDPT cdchat luong se la ddn bay cho chait luong S V dau cua SV nhu su chuan bj tich cue ve nang Iyc hpc tap va vao Nguoe lai, OTGV cung cap nhan luc cho G DPT: san xay dyng NLN hon la sy thao cicHlH;-Nguyen phSm DT cd chat luong SB d ^ ling tdt yeu cau cua thyc tiln HDTgan ket, tich hgp hgc li thuyet vdi thuc hanh, thuc GDPT, tao chat luong cua GDPT; • St;phdi hop, cpng tac tap; tri thuc liluan vdi tri thuc thuc lien: tri thuc khoa hgc giiia eac hd ttidng vdi va su thd'ng nha't cua he vdi tri thiic kinh nghiem va tri thiic hanh dgng D T (kil-6/2013)- Tap chi Gido due so 311 63 Iheo dinh tiudng phat trien NLN Oieu nha'n manh sy ket gin tiing module DT nghe (tung don vj tri thiie nghe) va nhi?ng nang fyc hanh dong cu the Trong dd, thyc hanh nghese la dieu kien decac kien thuc, kl nang va thai dp duoc huy dong tong hop, van dung vao cac tinh hud'ng_thuc de ngudi hpc ren luyen, phattrien NLN; -Thuc tien thong nhu mgt to cua gua tnnh DTGV TTPT tham gia vao OTGV khong chf nhumpt moi tn/dng sd'ng ddng ve cac hoatdpng ciia cac vien nhatrudng (hoc sinh, GV, ), ve cacmdi quan he gii/a cac chu the nha trudng (GV-HS, HS-HS, GV-GV, ) cac tuong tac nghe nghiep de SV tim hieu nhumot thye tien khach quan ve nghe, ddng thdi, cdn la hoat ddng cua chinh hp de trai nghiem nhi/ng tinh hudng thuc cac tuong tac nghe manh khong chisu gin ket chat che, hi/u CO giiia OTGV va GDPT macdn khang dinh OTGV va GDPT ciing nlm mpt he quy chieu van dpng lien tuc, tao chu trinh phattrien ttieo dudng xoay Iron d'c thuc day va lan tnjyen sang Sycaitien, ddi mdinhu mot Ihudc tinh ban chat cua ca hai ttianh phan Do dd, md hinh BTG^THlti:-Xay dung lien kit trach nhiem phap li gida DTGVva GDPT tren nhieu mat.nh\euV\nhv[Jc\}oa\6qng (bao gom ren hjyen nghiep vu su pham cho SV, bdi dudng nang cao trinh cua GV, nghien cuu cai tien thyc tiln giao due va bao dam chait luong GDPT va chat luong DTGV) de hudng den m uc tieu phattrien xa hOn cOa nghe day hpe (phat trien nghe nghiep) tao nhiing tien bp li luan va quan diem gtao due cung nhu nhiing cai tien thyc tien giao due va OTGV; - ti^drong vaphat 4} Ngudi hgc la trung tam cua DTGV: Md hinh tnen sucong tacg'iua ca so DTvditrudng Ihong OTGVTNLN the hien quan diem vi ngudi hpe dcho: 1) to chiic thuc hanh, thuc tap su pham cho SV Ird Sy cong cua ngudi hpc duoc xem nhu muc tieu Unh vye lien ket long hop {bao gdm ca bdi dudng, phat chat luong cua DT; 2) Ngudi hpc phai duoc thu hut vao Irien GV, nghien euu cai tien thyc tien giao dye va quan li xay dyng myc tieu,^ke hoach hpc tap va ty quan li viec hpc chat luong) ttidng qua phuong ttitic hpc nghl bSng nghien tap cua ban ttian 6daycan nha'n manh SV la ngudi hpe eiiu cai tien TTPT vdi sutham gia cua ca giang vien, GV dliia tud'i trudng thanh-cd tinh ty lap, tinh muc dich vaed vaSV nhanttiufcrdvemue tieu hoc nghe cua minh Dodo, Nhiing net dae trung cua md hinh OTGVTNLN duoc md hinh OTGVTNLN: - Muc tieu DT va CDR dugc xay mdtalrenchothay, NLN dupc xac lap muc tieu OT dung tren cosdphan tich nhu cau cua thitn/d^g lao dgng (tren co sdnghien ciiu nhu cau ciia TTPT); duocttiietke vemd hinh nguoi hoat ddng thuc liSn giao due va dugc thychien va kiem soat tiing don vj ciia CTDT;duac cap nhat thudng xuyen Q J \heo 6'mh hudng NLN phai danh gia d ket qua hoat dpng cua ngudi hpc (trong thyc dam bao qua QTOT ngudihoc cd dii tucach va dieu kien hanh, ttiue tap) Vi the, mo hinh OTGVTNLN ddi hoisu de Iham gia tuyen ehpn vao luc luong lao dpng nghe g^n ket vdi TTPT, lam cho chu trinh phattrien cua TTPT nghiep nhumpt ung vien ednang Iyc dam duong cac vai va thyc tiln DT dupc van hanh theo vdng xoay Iron d'c, trd CO ban cuaGV, tlie la, nhan manh nhimg vai trd chinh khdng ngiing thuc day cung tien bd.Tuy nhien, vide ye'u cua GV bd'i canh cu the (cdtinh ljch su, xa hdi); ap dyng md hinh OTGVTNLN vao hoan canh Viet Nam - Dam bao quyen cua ngudi hgc (dupc thdng bao tu hien ddi hdi nhirng thay dd'i can ban va nhilu mattii dau) ve nhimg yeu cau datra ddi vdihp ca QTOT vT cac khau to chiic va quan li QTOT hudng den muc tieu md cOng nhu QTDT vi md (nhu duoc biet ve COR cila DT phu hcrp vdi nhirng yeu cau dat eua TTPT • toan bd chuong trinh va tting module, npi dung va ke hoach OT, danh gia ket qua ) Mat khac, ngudihoc - GV tuong lai phai dupc ttiu hut vao ty quan li qua trinh hpc tap (1) Ismail H Al-Zoubi, S Rahman A Competency vaphat trien NLN cua minh nhu mpt ngucri hpc sudt ddi;- based teacher education (CBTE): A training module Tao dieu kien de SV xay dung chuong trinh hpe phu hap Tor improving knowledge competencies for vdimuc tieu hpctap va hoan canh cua canhan (phan biet resource room teachers in Jordan European Journal vdi chuong trinh OT) da dang vendi dung vamuc dp nong of Social sciences Vol 10, No 2009 sau, rpng hep lung Tnh vye de mpt mat thoa man Tai li^u tham khao yeu cau cua COR, ddng thdi, phat trien tiem nang va sd Bowles D Competency-based teacher education? tn/dng rieng cua lung ngudL S) Lien kit trach nhlgm giua ca sd DTGV vdi trudng thong vi su phat trien nghe nghiep: DTGVTNLN thyc chat la hudng de'n phuc vu phat trie'n GDPT, Dieu dd ddi hoi OTGV khdng ngdng day manh nghien cuu kham pha khoa hpc giao due va khoa hpc ye OTGV.Kel qua la cali luan vathyc tiln giao due, thyc tiln OTGVdeuduge phattrien Ddlasy phattrien toan dien nhieu mat va ben vi/ng cija nghe nghiep day nha'n 64 T a p chi G i d o due so 1 The Houston story Educational leaderships, March 1973 BO GD-DT "M6 hinh liin kit trdch nhi^m giOa trudng phd thdng vd tru&ng su ph(im td chiic thuc tdp cho sinh viin" Dl t^i B 2009-17-175 Chu nhiem: TS.Va Thi Son Darling-Hammond, L Constructing 21st-century teacher education Journal of leacher education 2006; (Xem tiep trang 49) - (ki - / 2013) ... bpQTOT giai doan cua QTDT Md hinh nha''n manh dinh huong phattrien nang VK Dae trung cua mo hinh DTGV theo hirdng phat hanh dpng dngucri hpc se chi phd) toan bp cacttianhtd, cac Wen NLN khau cua QTDT.Dodd,... phattrien cua TTPT nghiep nhumpt ung vien ednang Iyc dam duong cac vai va thyc tiln DT dupc van hanh theo vdng xoay Iron d''c, trd CO ban cuaGV, tlie la, nhan manh nhimg vai trd chinh khdng ngiing thuc