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ttlAO DMC NUdt NOOAl MO HINH DAO TAO GIAO VIEN CUA CONG HOA PHAP VA KHA N A N G V A N DUNG VAO VIET NAIVI TS NGUYEN V A N NINH" Phap la mottrong nhirng quoc gia CO nen giao dye (GD)phat trien bacnhait[.]
ttlAO DMC NUdt NOOAl MO HINH DAO TAO GIAO VIEN CUA CONG HOA PHAP VA KHA N A N G V A N DUNG VAO VIET NAIVI TS N G U Y E N V A N N I N H " P hap la mottrong nhirng quoc gia CO nen giao tn;dng dai hpc da nganh va trdthanh cac tnidng ttianh dye (GD)phat trien bacnhaitthegioiva rat vien (1).M6hinhDTGVphoth6ngcualUFM tai Phap conglrongtientrinh cai each G D vadao tao giao dupc tien hanh qua cac budc (xem Hinh 1): vien (OTGV) Vi the, nghien ciJru mo hinh BTC3V cua • Tuyen dung G I/ De vao IU FM, thi sinh can co Phap sedem lai nhung bai hoc quybau cho da m6i mo b^ng cu nhan va nop ho sa xet tuyen; viec xet tuyen hinhOTGVcuaVietNam theo timg lUFM (cothe la xet tuyen ho so, kiem tra I.MdhinhDTGVci^Ph^ hoae phong van ) Sau duae xet tuyen vao nam TfUdc nam 1789, nen GD cila Phap chidanh cho thunhat, thi sinh se tap trung phan ldn thciri gian cho tang k5p th leu socua xahpiva cac nha tu hanh,gia chuan bl thi tuyen ngi dung lithuyelvattiuc hanh Nhu sir cua cac gia dinh quy i^c va giau co dam nhiem vay, b i n g ci^ nhan ehuyen nganh la dieu kien tien tig^ien^cm^nmGDthaignhsichots^camangi/di quyet deed thedutuyen vao nam ttiunhat cua lUFM chl du'cfcthiet ISp sau th^ng idi cua Cach mang Phap va ngi dung DT dnam thii-nhat t?p tnjng chu yeu cho 1789 Tirdo, hethong GD bit dau dugc phan chia theo khoa hgc chuyen nganh bae: ^ hge, phothdngva dai hgc Ttrnam 1789 den Devao dupc nam tht> hai lUFM, thi sinh phai trai nay, cac trt/cfngBTG V cua Phap duoc lap tai hai qua ki thituyen cap quoc gia, vdi hai phan: thivieNa thcri diem vi'n dip Ket qua phan thi viet la dieu kien can de thi /^Cach mang Phap nora nam 1789 mang den van dap va phan thi van dap la phan quyet djnh Sau nhieu thay doi xa hpi Phap va mottrong nhung thi dd, thi sinh se dupc vao nam thu2 cua lUFM thay doi la quyet dinh lap trudng BTGV dau va trd eong chuc tap sucua nha nudc (trong tien t^l Paris, giup thay doi sau sdc nen GD bay gid vdng mgt nam) va thuc hien cac ki thuc tap khac Thong bao ttianh lap neu ro "Tnrdngsupham setJt/ix tai trudng thong cung vcJi cac gia ll thuyet thinh lip a Pahs vi idu ggi mgi cong din Phip, co tat lUFM Cuoi nam se cocac dot xet tuyen ttianh hi&jbietve!(hoa hgc den hgc tai tn/dng Cac sinh vien tra tien hanh; ket qua xettuyen laca sdde xet (SV) cua tn/dng sedt/gc dao tao (B T) dtm sugiangdaycua cacgiaosugianhattrong Inh ViJC, venghethuatttayhoc'ltneo Hien phap-1794).Trudng si/pham la tien than cua trudng Bai hgc su pham (ENS) ma la bon tn/dng noi tieng cua Phap la ENS Paris, ENS Cachan, ENS LyonmENSLSHLyon ^^Nam 1989, tai Phap lap cac Hpcvi?nDaihpcDTGV(IUFM)thaythe cac trudng supham Trong mfii don vi hanh chinh GD cap vung, lUFM cd nhiem vu BTGV tieu hgc, giao vien (GV) phd'thdng (tmng hpc cosd; taing hoc phothdng: tong hgp, kithuat hoic day nghe), cung nhuBT cac cd'va'n su ph^m T d nSm 2008, cac I _ IUFMdatrdthanhcactn;dngttan/!i'/en thuoc tmdng daih(?c, caclU FM da sap nhap vao cac MmturMllUrUSV Hinti t Mi /lin* BTSVpho thong laiiUFM lai Pliap * Khoa ljch si^, Tnrifng Oai hoc sir phan Ha Noi Tap chi Gide due so 306 | (ki2-3/2013)- GV tap suthanh G V bien che nha nudc (cung vdi ket q u a h g c t a p n a m l h u h a i t a i l U F M v a k e t q u a luan van tot nghiep) -l/ec/?£/onp&7>)ft£?7'6KmLicdichDTnam thunhat cua lUFM nha'n manh den viec chuan bj cho ki thi vao nam thdhai de trdthanh giao sinh tap suquoe gia Ngi dung DT nam ttiiJnhat ket hgp cae ttianh phan: van hda khoa hgc (chuyen nganh hay da nganh), tri ttiiic ehuyen nganh,supham-kien th lie ve hettiong GD,chuan bj thi tuyen dung theo hai ngi dung li thuyet va thuc hanh Ngoai ra, smh vien (SV) nam ttidnhait cung budc dau tham gia thuc tap supham dudi hinh thdc quan sat, dugid tai cac tardng phothdng Neu thidd ki tuyen sinh, thi sinh se trd giao sinh thue tap cua nha nudc vadupc hudng luong ViecDT nam thuhai dupc tien hanh song song giua DT velithuyettailUFM vathuc hanh tai tnidng phothdng ma giao sinh se dam nhiem day mon chuyen nganh OT nghetap trung vao li luan day hgc, su pham, chuyen nganh, tri thuc luan giup dam bao lien he qua laigiua thue tiln va DT; dupc tien hanh bdi G V hudng d i n d tardng phd'thdng, G V cua lUFM, cac nha nghien cdu, giang vien dai hoe - Vethi/ctap supham Theo chuong trinh DT tai lUFM,tdnam thdnhat, SV da phaitienhanh cae ki thue tap quan sat tai tn/dng phd'thdng; tdnam thdhai, GV phd'thdng tuong lai phai day gid/tuan, cdn GV tieu hpc la ngay/tuan cung hai khda thue tap keo dai tuan Vi du tai IU FM Bordeaux-Aquitaine, cac khda ttiuc tap nam thuhaicho G V phothong gom: mgt dpt kien tap vc!fisuhudng dan cua G V lUFM tuan (48 gid); hai khda tiiuc tap tuan (144 gid); mdt ktida thuc t^p ca nam (8 tiet/tuan) 30 tuan (240 gid); to'ng cpng cac dotthyc tap supham khoang 432 gid Trong dd, dVlet Nam, SV nam thd3 duoc kien tap tuan va nam ttiu4 tuan (tong cac dpt thuc tap su pham la 10 tuan) Thdi gian danh cho viee DTG V (cdng chdc thuc tap) sau thidd vao nam thu*hai khoang 800-1.000 gid Quatrinh thuc tap dtrudng phd'thdng cho phep lien ketqua laigiua thuc hanh va li thuyet G V tapsunamthuhalchitrdthanhGV ehinh thuc ket qua danh gia thuc tap dat yeu cau - Hon nua, chucmg ttinh DTGV cua Phap, cac ndi dung DT deu dugc tiep can ttieo nang kjc Nang luc cua mptca nhan dugc dae tamg bdi ba phuong dien: + Hieu cac nguon luc cua ban ttian vakha nang sudung ehung; + Phantichttiuctiln deed thetrien khai cdng viec chuyen mdn hieu qua; + Ket hop va huy ddng cac nguon luc ben va ben ngoai ban than Cd 10 nhom ehuin nanglt/c6e vdi giao sinh n a m t h d h a i t a i l U F M c u a P h a p l a : r^Hanhxutheo dung cac quy djnh cua cdng chdc nha nudc mptcach dao due vaed trach nhiem;2;Lamchutieng Phap tHDng viec day hgc vagiaotiep;JjLamchij cac trittiLic chuyen nganh vacdkiffi ttiue van hda tot;'^^Thietkeva tochiic cdng viec day hpc cua ban than; 5^To chdc va dieu khien Idp hgc; fi^Tinh den suphong phu cua cac dd'i tugng hgc tap; 7}Qar\h gia hgc sinh; 8} Lam chu cac cdng nghettiQnglinvatmyenth6ng;9) Lam viec nhdm, hop tac vdi phu huynh va cac ddi tac cua nha tnidng; /OjTub6idUdngvad6imdi(2) Trong cacvan ban chinh ttiuc cua BgGD Phap.mdi nang lucttendeu ghicuthettieo cau ttie n§ng luc Chung, nang luc kienttiiic va khanang tuong dng.Si/phat trien cac nang luc dugc t i ^ noi boimotquatiinhBT xen kema cac khoa thuc tap nghe nghiep ducc ket ncigiuia phUPng phap su pham va kien tiiuc chuyen mdn Mdhinh OTGV cua VietNam hien Viet Nam hien ton tai haimo hinh DTGV: • Mo hinh TG Vtmy&i thong DT eac tnidng chuyen OTGV (tnidng/khoa su pham) nhu: Ta/dng DHSPHaNq,TrudngDHSPTP.H6ChiMinh ChUPng tiinh OTGV hien cua cac casdOT dupe thiet kedua theo chuang trinh khung cac nganh supham Bd GD-OT ban hanh.Theo chuong trinh khung, kha kien ttidc venghiepvu supham chichiem khoang 15-20% tongttidilupng OT Do dd, cdttiecoi chuang trinh khung Bd G D-OT ban hanh dang trdthanh rao can cac ca sdDT viec thiet ke mgt chuang trinh mem deo nham dap ung yeu cau chuyen nghiep hdadginguGV phii hcfp va kjp ttidi -Ganday daxuathien hinhthucDTngheday hoe ngudi hgc da c d b ^ g cunhan cac nganh khac(nhu Ta/dngDaihpcGD-DHQGHaNgi).TmdngOaihgc - Vekhia eanh mang M xahgi Ki thi tuyen GV (vao GD ddi cho thay can cdsulinh hoat hon ttongOTGV nam thu'hai cua IU FM) eho p h ^ SV cdhoan canh khd va Viet Nam da bude dau tiep can vdi cac md hinh khan cdttiecddupc s u n g h i ^ on dinh tdnam ttid DTGV tten ttiegidi Khac vditoaihinh D T nam nhud haitailUFM.Hannira,khidokithituyennay,SVdatu hau h^cacttudngsu pham,dTnidngOaihpcGD,md nguyen 'cam ^ehrdthanh edng chifc nha nudc, ngupc hinh (hoae 4) +1,5 nam dang duqc trie'n khai de lai, viec hgc tap duae ho tra vdi m dc luang ca ban cua DTGV day cac mdn khoa hgc eoban, dap ung nhu cau nhanudc.Day cung la mdt nhan to thu hilt SV (da CO day hpcdphd'thdng Md hinh cd uu die'm tao nhung GV dacd s i n kiwi ttidc chuyen mdn vCmg vang bSng cunhan) trd ttianh G V 64 Tcip chi Gido due so 306 -(ki 2-3/2023) (la cunhan chuyen nganh dupc DT4-5 nam mdt ttudng dai hoc) Tuy nhien, vdi nhifrig nganh ddi hdi kT nang supham nhieu hon, nhu: GV mam non, GVtieu hx,GVchuyenve&ekhuyettat,GV lam cdng tacGD phai ducJcDT nghiep vusu pham vdi ttidi lupng ldn,tiii mo hinh ehua ttiedap ung dugc Khanang van dung m d hinh DTGV cua Cpng hda Phap vao Viet Nam 1}M6 hinhBTG V Nen ton tai hai md hinh song song: mo hinh DT tnjyen thohgva mo hinh DTGV eho nhimg ngudi di tot nghiep mgt d^ihgeimohmh hien dai) Md hinh DTG V truyen thong phu hpp vdi viec DTGV mam non va tie'u hpc (day la cac nganh hoc dae thii,OTttong trudng/khoa su pham) MdhinhDTGV hien dai phu hpp han vdi viec DTGV phd'thdng Md hinh cd uu die'm ia dap u'ng nhu cau lua ehgn nghe nghiep ehe nhdng ednhan khoa hoc mud'n trd G V, ngoai sehan chedupc kinh phiDTttiudng nien eho mgt GV 2)N^dungvieht/angtrinhDTGVcuay\e\Ham hl§n van nang ve li thuyet, ehua tiep can nang iuc cua ngudi hgc, dcng thdi chua dap ung tiiuc tedtrudng phothdng.Tren cosd tiep ttiu ngidung va chuang trinh OTGV cua nudc Cdng hda Phap, ehiing tdi dexuat mgt sobien phap sau: - Ngidung D Tnen tip tamg vio phit (ronnang'A/cGK'GV can cdklnang tuhpc, tunghien cuu; kTnang su'dyng cdng nghethdng tin; kTnang hcrp tactrong day hpc;tub6idudng kTnang giai quyet van Ak.:,-Thay da, chinh li chuang trinh DT^\chhopv(iTnQ hinh G V hien nay; tang cudng tinh tiiuc tien cua chuang ttinh cung nhuhieuquaeuaDT;ap sat hon nua chuang trinhDTdOHSPvdichuang trinh day hocdtiudng phd' thdng; ngidung, chuong ttinh DT phai phii hop ttieo dinh hudng npi dung, chuong trinh saeh giao khoa cua nha tn/dng phd'ttidng; xae djnh dung md'iquan he giua day chuvdi day nghe, ket hpp haimue tieu nay;giaiquyet tot maquan hegiija hgc vdl hanh va hoc vdi tap; can damcfl ngidung, chuangttinhOT cua bgmdn Phucmg phap da^ /ipcttieo hudng bam sat ngidung, chuang trinh sach giao khoa phd'thdng 3) VethtfC tip sir pham vinghi^ vusupham d cac nudc phat trie'n, dd cd Cdng hda Phap, nha nudc tra luang cho giao sinh di thuc tap Van de hien khd cd the thuc hien 6iiqc nudc ta Nhung viee cae trudng thdng tao dieu kien nhan giao sinh den thuc tap nghiep vu la can thiet va nen lam Cac trudng DHSP cho phep giao sinh setulien he d e t h u c tap, hon ni?a can tang them thdi lupng c h u a n g trinh cho ndi dung ren luyen nghidp vu s u pham va thue tap su pham Cai td hettiong supham detim ramdhinhDTGV phu hc^, dat chat lupng cao dupc coi la dieu kien tien quyet, khau dot pha, can lam de' chuan bj cho viec thuc hien dd'i mdi can ban va toan dien GD-DT nudc nha Viec nghien cuu mdhinh OTGV cua nude Cdng hda Phap, de nit nhung bai hpc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam cung khdng n&m ngoaimuc dich tten.Q (1) Tai Grenoble co ba tnr&ng dai hQc 1^ Grenoble I Joseph Fourier (\i Va nhien va Y t^) Grenoble II Pierre Mendes France {\k kinh lfi"), Grenoble III Stendhal (,\k ngOn ngir) Ban lanh dao lUFM cua Grenoble da quye'l dinh sap nhap v a o dgi hoc Grenoble I Hoae tai Bordeaux co trucmg dai hpc la Bordeaux I {khoa hpc tir nhien), Bordeaux ^ Y-dm;rc), Bordeaux (khoa hoc xS hOi va nhan van) va Bordeaux (luat va kinh te) Ban lanh dao lUFM ciia Bordeaux da quy^t dinh sap nh^p vko truoTig dcii hpc Bordeaux (2) F Mailple F - P Weissberd Chucmg trinh Thac si GiSng day, dao tao va giao due HOi thao khoa hpc quft'c t^ MO hinh dao tao giSo vifin ti€u hpc Chit lugrng cao Tru&ng Dgi hoc Gido due - Dgi hoc qud'c gia Ha N6i 2010 Tai li€u tham khao Bo Giing day dai hoc va Nghifin ciiu COng hoa Phdp Quy^t dinh s^ 0805693 ve cai each mo hinh dao tao gido vien 2008 BO Giao due COng hoa Phap Repere references statistiques sur les enseignements, la foi-mation et la recherche 2008 Truang Thj Bich "Vd sir gdn k^t giua Irirong dgi hoc sir phgm vai trudng ph6 thong dao tgo vd boi dudng gido vien " www.ioer.edu.vn J Robert Marzano - J Debra Pickering - E Jane Pollock Cac phuong phap day hpc hieu qua (NguySn Hdng Van dich) NXB Gido due Viet Nam H 2011 Nguyen Chi Thanh "Dao tao giao vien theo hurnig ti^p can nang luc: mSt vi du lai COng hoa Phap" www.education.vnu.edu.vn: 2001 SUMMARY Studying high-qualiSed training model for high school teacher staff is an urgent demand for Vietnam educalion particularly and the society generally aimed to meet education innovation process and development of the country France is one of the countnes has the most advanced educaUon in the world and sucessfuUy reformed in education and teacher traming Therefore, studying teacher training procedure of France will bring precious experiences for Innovating teacher training procedures in Vietnam Tap chi Giao due so 306 | 65 (ki2-3/2023)- ... Trong dd, dVlet Nam, SV nam thd3 duoc kien tap tuan va nam ttiu4 tuan (tong cac dpt thuc tap su pham la 10 tuan) Thdi gian danh cho viee DTG V (cdng chdc thuc tap) sau thidd vao nam thu*hai khoang... -l/ec/?£/onp&7>)ft£?7''6KmLicdichDTnam thunhat cua lUFM nha''n manh den viec chuan bj cho ki thi vao nam thdhai de trdthanh giao sinh tap suquoe gia Ngi dung DT nam ttiiJnhat ket hgp cae ttianh... cdsulinh hoat hon ttongOTGV nam thu''hai cua IU FM) eho p h ^ SV cdhoan canh khd va Viet Nam da bude dau tiep can vdi cac md hinh khan cdttiecddupc s u n g h i ^ on dinh tdnam ttid DTGV tten ttiegidi