NGHIEN CAU C Q l CAI CACH SUf PHAM VA CHUYEN DOI MO HINH DAO TAO GIAO VIEN 1 Dat van de Cdng cudc doi mdi c i n b i n v i toan dien g i io dye d i va dang dat ra nh i lu y^u c iu mdi ddi vdi ddi ngu g[.]
NGHIEN CAU C Q l CAI CACH SUf PHAM VA CHUYEN DOI MO HINH DAO TAO GIAO VIEN PGS.TS.TRANKKANHD(]rc D^IhgcQuocglaHiN^I Dat van de Cdng cudc doi m d i c i n b i n v i toan dien g i i o dye d i va dang dat n h i l u y^u c i u mdi ddi vdi ddi ngu giao vien (GV) Nghi q u y l t Dai hdi D i n g t o i n quoc Ian thQ XI da cht rd "Thi/e hiin ddng bd cdc gidi phdp phdt triin vd ndng cao chat luqng gido due ddo tgo Xdy dung ddi ngu GV du vi so luang, ddp Qng yiu cdu vi chat luqng" Trong ddi mdi g i i o dye, vi trf, vai trd cCia ddi ngu GV n g i y c i n g trd nen quan hOn bao gid h i t Raja Roy Sinh - Chuyen gia giao due cOa UNESCO da cho r i n g : "Khdng mdt hi thdng gido due ndo cd thi vuan cao qud tam nhQng GV Idm viic eho nd" De dap Qng yeu cau dd viec nghien cQu c i i eich sU pham, x i y dung md hinh mdi ve dao tao, bdi dudng GV l i mdt ddi hdi c i n thiet va cap bach Vai t r o cCia giao vien va cau true mo hinh nhan each nghe nghiep 2.1 Vai trd cOa gido vien Qua trinh phat trien g i i o due tQ nen giao due tinh hoa cho sd ft sang n I n g i i o due phd c i p eho sd ddng da thuc day sU hinh t h i n h mpt dpi ngu GV mdt lUc lUpng lao ddng xa hdi - nghe nghiep ddng d i o d eic cap, bac hpc he thdng giao due qudc dan N g h i GV ddi hdi ngudi h i n h nghe phai dupe dao tao ehuan mue v l chuyen mdn, nghiep vu sU pham v i cd pham chat dao dQc xa hdi - nghe nghiep phu hpp de thuc hien chQc ning, nhiem vu, vai trd cua nha giao theo yeu cau eua xa hdi NgUdi GV p h i i thuc hi^n tdt cic vai trd sau day: - Vai trd Id nhd chuyin mdn: truyen thy va hUdng d i n viec hinh tri thQc, ki ning, ki xao; hinh t h i n h v i p h i t trien v l chuyen mdn, v l nghe nghiep cho ngudi hpc; - Vai trd Id nhd gido due: thuyet phue v i udn nan, hinh t h i n h y thQc, t h i i dp, h i n h vi dao dQc, tdi sdng tich cue d ngudi hpc phCi hpp vdi cac chuan mUc van hda-xa hdi; - Vai trd Id ngudi to chQc Mpi hoat ddng cCia ngudi hpc dQ ed tinh ch^t t i p the, nhdm nhd hay c i nhan pham vi trich nhi^m cQa GV d I u can phai dupe td chQc, d i m b i o nhQng yeu cau sU pham; - Vai trd Id ngUdi c6 vdn: NgQdi hpc ddi mat vdi nhieu van de khd khan, khQc m i c h i n g ngiy can dupe giilp dd Hp cd n h i l u khat vpng, su iua chpn, y tudng sing tao, eln dupe chia si n i n g dd, tu v i n td ngudi GV N l u ngudi GV g i n gui ngudi hoc, l i m tdt vai trd n i y se gdp phSn tich cue ning cao hi#u q u i giio dye; - Vai trd Id ngudi phoi hop: GV l i ngUdi cd trinh dp chuydn mdn, nghiep vu sU pham, cd uy tin v i trich nhi&m giio due cdng dong, eho n§n n h i giio cd vai trd quan trpng td chdc, diiu phdi hoat ddng giao due giQa n h i irudng, gia dinh v i cae lue luong xa hdi 2.2 Cdu true md binh nhdn cdch nghi nghiep Trong ddi sdng xa hdi, cic loai hinh lao dpng nghe nghiep khac cd nhQng dac trUng khac v l nhan each nghe nghiep Nghe GV cd nhQng die diem ve n h i n each xa hdi - nghe nghiep die thO dupe dinh hinh bdi vai trd, v| tri v i tinh chat, ddi tuong, mdi trudng cua hoat dpng n g h i nghiep Li su phin anh da dang nhQng die trUng t i m If - xa hdi cua moi c i nhan hoae nhdm xa hdi, nhin each l i mpt chu the xa hdi cd y thQc hoat ddng v i giao tiep xa hdi v i cd cau true chung "Cau true nhan each chung nhat cho mpi ngUdi dupe quy djnh bdi bdn mat cua nd, hay nhU ngUdi ta thudng gpi l i bdn thdnh phan cdu true eua no"' Hinh Cdu true md hinh nhdn cdch nghi nghiip NHAN CACH NGHE NGMEP Cau trOc nhan each nha giao theo md hinh bdn thdnh phan ca bdn cd the dupe cy the hoa dudi day, vCfa la CO sd cho tuyen chpn v i o n g h i sU pham, vQa l i CO sd cho d i o tao, bdi dudng, d i n h gia hoat ddng n g h i nghiep eua ngUdi GV / Xu hudng nghi nghiip ' K.K Platonov(1979), Tdm IIhoc NXB Cong nh^n kithuatHS N$i,tr.3 Sti81-THANGVZ012*7 C Q NGHIENCOU- N h i g i i o c i n cd n i i m tin If tUdng, h o i i b i o n g h i nghi&p, trich nhi|m x i hpi - n g h i nghiep v i cd sQ mang g i i o due nin nhQng Idp ngUdI d i p Qng nhu c i u cuaxa hdi, - Cd Idng yiu ngudi, y&u n g h i v i g i n bd vdi n g h i day hpc, say mi llm tdi, sing tao d l khdng ngQng ddi mdi v i ihich nghi vdi sU thay ddi cua y^u c i u n g h i nghiep mpt t h i gldl ludn thay ddi; - Cd quan d i l m n h i n v i n , cdng bing, tdn trpng STT 10 11 ddi vdi ngudi hpc; h i l u b i l t , chia s i vdi ngudi hpc d l khdng ngQng dat k i t q u i tdt hon cic hoat dpng g i i o dye v i g i i n g day; - Khdng ngQng rdn luy&n, hpc hdi, tU h o i n thl^n n h i n eich n h i giio 2/Kinh nghiim nghi nghiip - Cd n I n h i i u b i l t v i n hda - x i hdi rPng rai v i chuy&n siu v l mdn h o c / p h i n hpc cung nhutlch luf nhQng kinh n g h i i m thi/e ti^n phong phu v l mdn Sdng 1: Cdi cdch sUphamvd chuyin doi md hinh ddo tgo GV Md hinh mdi Mue ti&u dio tao nghi nghiep, chu trpng ning Ipc hinh nghi, ning lUc day hoc, cic ki ning m i m ; k h i ning chuyin ddi linh hoat - Tuyin sinh theo ning li;c hpc t^p v i ning khilu sUph^m - Kit hpp thi tuyin dinh g i i ning luc hoc t i p , x^t hd so tmng hoc phd thdng v i dinh gli/phdng v i n true t i l p - Chii trpng ngoal hinh, sCfc khde, ning khilu sU pham, hilu bilt nqudi, vin hda, xa hdi D i o tao cQ nhin su pham li^n tuc bdn D i o tao theo ba giai doan: nim d cic trudng dai hpc sU pham - nim d i u l i giio dye tdng q u i t (trong dd cd mdn giio dye hoc) hoic theo mP hinh 3+1 d TrUdng Dal -1,5 nim t i l p theo tinh vuc chuyen mdn v i nghifip vu su pham/ hoc Giio dye - DHQG Hi Ndi giing day -1-1,5 nim dio tao thac si v l giing day theo cic nhdm chuy^ mdn Dio tao GVtheo mdn hoc dien hep: Dio tao GV theo linh vue rdng: Toin; Toin-Tin hoe; Li; Khoa hocTUnhi^n; Hoi Khoa hoc Xa hdi - Nhin v i n ; Van, Giio dye Ngh^thuat, SO; Giio due Thi chit & SQc khde; Dia Nqoai n q d v i da v i n hda -Trinh dpcQnhan4 nam Trlnh dd cQ nhin 3,5 n i m v i th^e sT giing day theo cic linh vuc -ThacsT2 nim 1,5 nim Chuong trinh dio tao theo mdn hpc v i - Chuong trinh d i o t^o theo cic mddun tich hpp v i h^ thdng tin nien che (chuong trinh khung thdng chl (khung chuSn trlnh dp d i o t?o GV) nhat toan qudc) - Oa dang hda chuong trlnh OT theo tOtig trudng - Oio tao theo hoc c h l Tin ehl - Day hpc dong loat - Day hoc phin hda - Khdnq ed mdn tU chpn -Cie mdn tuchon (bit b u d c v i t u d o ) c h i l m khoinq 20-30% - Bdi dudng theo chu kl Bd GD&DT - Bdi dudng t^i eo sd d i o tao theo chu kl 2-5 n i m ^i tri gia td chdc trj v i n bing - Gia tri van binq sudt ddi - Gii tri v i n bing cd thdi h^n n i m - Phat trien nghi nghiep theo bic - Phit triln theo trinh dd v i t h i m ni&n n g h i nghifip luong vien chQc - Phin cip GV thinh ba d p : GV t i p su; GV v i GV chinh - Gii trj vin bSng su pham dupe hinh - Cip chOfng chi hinh nghi GV theo thdi han 3-5 nam nghi suit ddi Chl dio tao GV tai trudng/khoa sU - Dio tao cie trUdng d^l hpc pham hoic giio due - Uin kit trudng dai hpc su pham/giio dye v i trudng phd thdng d i o tao - Mdi GV gidi, chuyen gia giio due, s\l pham tham gia d i o tao GV (khoinq 1/4 khdi luonq qiinq day) He thdng su pham ddng (chl bao gdm H6 thdng su pham md (bao gdm cic trudng dai hpc/hpe viln cac trudng/khoa sUpham hoic giio dye) dd cic trUdng dai hpc sU pham/giio due l i m ndng cdt) MP hinh cu Myc ti4u dio tao hin 13m, chu trinh 66 hilu bipt chuyen mdn hep v i ki^n thi'/c supham Tuy^n sinh theo kit q u i thi tuyin bn chung, chu liy dilm cao S.KHOAHgCGlAODVC NGHI£N CUU C Q hpe/phin hpc de cd k h i nang g i i n g day tdt; - Cd nang luc nghiep vu sU pham vQng v i n g v i khdng ngQng r^n luyin tay n g h i , ddi mdi phUOng phip, h o i n thi^n kl n i n g , k i x i o v i n g h i t h u i t giing day h i p d i n , cd hi^u q u i cao; - Cd nhQng h i l u biet v i nhQng t r i i nghiim cudc sdng d l giao t i l p , Qng xQ t i l n h i n h cdng t i c g i i o duced k i t q u i ; - Cd k h i nang td chdc, phdi hpp cdng vl6c hoat ddng g i i n g day, nghlln cQu khoa hoc, giio dye v i cdng t i e x i hdi; - Cd k h i n i n g tu hpc tu r^n luy&n (tu thin) d l khdng ngQng ning cao trinh dp, hoin thiln nhin eich 3/ Dgc diim tdm li - D i e d i l m c i m giic, tri giic ddi vdi n g h i day hpc khdng ddi hdi k h i nang die bi^t nhu mdt sd nghe d i e thu khac nhung c i n cd k h i n i n g nhay c i m , thinh tai, tinh mit, ; - Cd nang lUe tUduy va trf nhd tdt Cd k h i ning t i p trung va phin phdi chu y cung nhudi chuyen chu y; - Ngudi GV can cd nhdng ph^m c h i t y chf k h i cao, nhat l i tinh mue dich, tfnh kien tri, cUOng quylt, k i l n djnh, ; - Hi t i m v i n linh hoat Cd k h i nang phdi hpp giQa ldi ndi va chQ viet, phdi hpp giQa mieng noi, tay l i m dupe nhjp n h i n g , chinh xic, linh hoat; - Phat am chuan va kha nang dien dat ngdn ngQ (ldi ndi v i co the) chuan mUc, trdi chiy, sinh dpng 4/Dqc diem sinh hqc - Ngudi GV can cd ngoai hinh blnh thUdng vdi cic chl sd CO b i n ve sinh hoc - sinh li nguPi: ngoai hinh, chilu cao, c i n nang va eac chl sd sinh hpc- sinh li khie; - Cic kieu, loai chat va d i e diem than kinh khic cd i n h hudng den hoat ddng lao dpng n g h i nghiep ndi chung v i nghe day hpc ndi rieng; - Yeu cau ve the chat blnh thudng ddi vdi nghe day hpc Tuy nhien, can t r i n h hinh thQc ben ngoii khdng blnh thudng de tranh s u i d mP v i p h i n c i m d ngudi hpc; - Can t r i n h nhQng ngudi cd benh t i t p h i n chf dinh vdi n g h i day hpc nhu cd cac benh truyen nhiem, benh xa hdi, Nhu'ng td ndi tren k i t hpp vdi nhau, tao n I n nhQng pham chat vd ndng lUc nghi nghiip cua ngudi GV vd giQa chung cd moi quan hi tdc ddng qua Igi mdt thiet Vile nghien cQu q u i trinh hinh t h i n h v i p h i t trien cCia nhan each nghe nghiep thfch Qng vdi tQng giai doan: t i l n nghe nghiep, dao tao n g h i v i giai doan thich Qng phat t r i l n n g h i ed y nghia rat quan trpng q u i trinh nghiln cQu b i o d i m tfnh k l thOa, k h i nang lien thdng hpp If cic b i c d i o tao v i cie loai hinh dao tao theo quan d i l m xSy dung he thdng g i i o due va dao tao l i l n tuc Cd the xem q u i trlnh p h i t trien n h i n eich qua cic giai doan niy la qua trinh hodn thiin ddn cic d i e trung c i u true nhin eich b i n g v\ic hinh t h i n h nhQng die trung mdi, bd sung th^m v i o nhQng die trUng da ed hoae p h i t t r i l n Chung d i n trinh dd cao hon Cd the ndi, nhQng chudn mUe cua xd hdi vd yiu cdu nghi nghiip ddi hdi ngudi GVdU Idm viicdcdp bdc hoe ndo d cuang vi ndo cung cdn cd nhQng pham chat vd ndng luc chung cua nhdn cdch nhd gido NhQng yiu cdu ndy chlnh Id chat lUdng cua ngudn nhdn luc su pham - ddi ngu GV cdc cdp 3, C i i eich sU pham v i chuyen doi mo hinh d i o tao giao vien (Xem bdng trang 8) 4, K i t luan GV l i nhin td quylt djnh chit luong giio due De d i p Qng nhQng yeu c i u mdi cua thdi dai, ngudi GV phii ed khdng chf nhQng hieu b i l t sau sic, t h l u d i o nhQng kien thQc, kl nang chuyen mdn don ihuan m i cung can phii eP hieu biet va nang luc nghiep vu sU pham cung vdi nhQng hilu biet x i hdi - van hda ve vdn sdng thuc tien phong phQ Do dd, viec cii each can b i n va toan dien he thdng sU pham, xay dUng v i tQng budc trien khai md hinh dao tao mdi ngudi GV, ting cudng dao tao, bdi dudng ve nghiep vu sU pham, ve chinh trj -xa hdi va eie g i i trj van hda lam co sd de hinh va phat trien nang lUc nghe nghiep eho dpi ngu GV la d i i u quan trpng va cap bieh TAI Lieu THAM K H A O Nghi Quyit Dai hdi XI DCSVN NXB Chfnh trj Qudc gia H i Ndi, 2011 Dang Qudc Bao, Nghi ve nghi dgy hqc vd ngudi thay, Tap chf Giio due Thu dd, Sd 23 (thing 11/2011) Tran Khanh DQc, Phdt triin gido due Viet Nam vd Thi gidi {Song ngQ Anh-Viet), NXB Giio due Viet Nam, Ha Ndl, 2010 Tran Khinh DQc, Gido due vd phdt triin ngudn nhdn luc thi kl XXI, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, H i Ndi, 2010 Phan Van Kha - Nguyen Ldc (Ddng chO biln), Khoa hqc Gido due tQdoi mdi din nay, NXB DHQG Ha Ndi, 2011 SUMMARY Touching upon pedagogical reforms and shifts in teacher training model, the writer has presented key issues surrounding roles played by teachers and structure of career personality model; and analyzed factors associated with the shifting into the new teacher training model from the old one, including: training objectives, admissions, trainings of university teacher graduates Sli81-THANG6/2012>9