NGUYEN TAG DAY HOC GIAI QUYfT VAN Of TRONG DAY HOC O CAC TRUONG CAO DANG KI THUAT i r iS TO V A N K H O r Day hpe glai quyet van de (GQVD) la tao mdi tn/dng hpe tap tich ei/e, thach thdc tu duy, khich[.]
NGUYEN TAG DAY HOC GIAI QUYfT VAN Of TRONG DAY HOC O CAC TRUONG CAO D A N G KI T H U A T i r i S TO V A N K H O r D ay hpe glai quyet van de (GQVD) la tao mdi tn/dng hpe tap tich ei/e, thach thdc tu duy, khich thich nhu eau ham mud'n duae gial quyet van de hpc tap eua ngudi hpe, Td do, phdt trien d ngudi hpc tinti linh hoat, tinh mem deo, tinh doe lap, sang tao cua tuduy Van dung day hpcGQVO vdo day cacmdnii thuyet d cac trudng cao ddng kT thudt (CDKT) chinh la net sdng tao viee dd'i mdi phuong phdp day hpc (PPDH), lam cho nhdng kien thuc kTthuat khd khan trd nen d l hie'u, It thuyet duae gdn lien vdl thue tien, giiip sinh vien (S V) khong chi ndm vdng tri thde, phat trid'n cdc pha'm chat tu ma cdn hinh tinh cam nghe nghiep tich ci/c Khai niem day hoc GQVf) Day hpe GQVB duae hieu la each thuc giao vien (G V) dua ngucri hpc vdo mdi tnidng hethd'ng cdc tinh hud'ng cd van devd to ehdc, dieu khien hptu lue, sang tao glai quyet cae van de ddt tinh hud'ng, qua ngudi hpc ndm dupc tri thde mdi, each thde hoat dpng mdl dong thcri phdt trien ndng luc tu Ban chait day hpc GQ VO la ddt tmdc ngucri hpe mdt hay he thong nhdng van de nhan thdc cd chij^ dung mau thuin gida cai da biet vdi cai chua biet, chuyen hpc sinh vdo tinh hudng cd van de de' kich thieh hptugiae ednhu eau muon GQVB, tddo ngudi hpc linti hpi tri thde mdi mpt cdch tu giac, tich cue, tu luc Day hpe GQVD doi hdi su chu dpng, tich cue, tu lye cua ngudi hpc dudi suhudng din,ehl dao cuaGV 1) Hoc tap a trudng CDKT mang tinh rd nit chuyin nghiip va gan lien vdi nhung van di' chuyin mon nghe nghiep Net chuyen nghiep hpc tap tai trudng COKT la nhdm tao su hoan chinh, chd't luong, hieu qua va tin cay, dupe bie'u hien nhusau: + Hoat dpng hpe tap eo ke hoach: S V phai tu xdc dinh mue tieu hpc tap va trinh tu cae budc phai thuc hien, cung nhu thdi gian hodn mdi bude, moi ndi dung de dat dupe mue tieu hpc tap Viee lap ke hoach va dutinh thdi gian hoan thehien tinh chu dpng, eo trach nhiem vdl hpe tap va nghien cdu, nd se tao dieu kien cho cac cdng viec dupc tien hanh dong bp, an khdp vd hieu qua; dong thdi de'sdp xep vd quan li tien dp hpe tap hop 11 + Tinh than trach nhiem chuyen tdm hpc tap: Day ehinh la pha'm chait cot ldi eua SV chuyen nghiep, khac hdn vdl hpc sinh phd'thdng va hpc sinh hpc nghe Hp ehuyen tdm hpe tap, bie'u hie'n d thdi dp chdm chivasay me hpe tap, nghien euu vdi tinh than tugiae, thuc suyeu nganh, yeu nghe da lua ehpn, it chiu suquan doc cua gia dinh, + Y thue ki ludt ciia SV: Tinh than ki ludt, phuc tiing ludn Id pham chat quan trpng ciia cdc SV chuyen nghiep Oieu tao nen uy tin, vj the cua Idp, trudng cung nhuchat luang vd ket qua hpc tap eiia chinh ban thanSV + Tac phong cdng nghiep: Tac phong cdng nghiep the hien trudc het dviec tuan thu va quy trpng thdi gian Trong qua trinh hpe tap, thye tap hay trai nghiem thuc te'thivi$c tudn thu gidgid'c hoc tap, thuc tap diing hen Id mot nhdng nguyen tde ca ban, ludn Id yeu to dau tien de' danh gid tdc phong cdng nghiep cua SV kTthuat Tuy nhien, de ngudi hpc chu dpng, tich cue thi cdc nhiem vu hpc tap phai ludn cd "van de" vol hp Cdc nhi^m vu hoc tap khdng duoc qud dd hodc qud khd Neu qud d l ngudi hoc khdng hdng thii, neu qud khd se gay dc che cho hp GV phai theo sat qua trinh GQVD ciia ngudi hpc de goi m d dan van de, giam d i n dp khd bdng cdc eau hoi hodc gcri y md khong duoc phep thdng bao ta/dc cho hp ducmg dan tdi ketqua 2) Hgc tap a trudng CDKT cd tinh xa hgi cao nhung co tinh han iam (hgc thuat) ro han so vdi trudng thdng va trudng nghi'.Qe CO \he nim bdt toan dien nhdng kien thdc chuyen mdn dtn/dng Dae diem hoat dong hpc tap cua SV d t r u d n g COKT ' ' TnMng Cao dang cong nghiip Thai nguyen Tap chi Gido dye so 311 (ki 1-6/2013)- 33 COKT, ddi hdi mdi SV phai cd nhieu n6 luc hoat ddng hpc tap, dae biet phai ed ndng luc tu hpc, h/ nghien cdu, de co the tiep thu kien thdc han lam khoa hpc, Phan Idn cae SV phai khac phue dupe nhung khd khdn ve mdi tn/dng sdng, ve dae thu nganh hpc, tim nhdng bien phap hpe tap rat hieu qua viee tu hpc cua minh de hoan chuang trinh hpe bdng nhung diem sotieh cue 3) Hgc tap a tnrdng CDKT tuan theo hgc che tin chi ddi hoi tinh chij dgng linh hoat vaglai quyet van deangudihgc, Hien dao tao theo tin chi yeu eau ngudi hoc phai cdtinh chu dpng rat eao, khong phuthupcnhieuvaoGVnhutofdcday, Ngudi hpc phai biet each ti/sdp xep ljch hpc, mon hpc cho phu hpp vdi ban thdn; ben canh dd can phai ed mpt phuong phap tuhpc diing dan vatren het Id mpt tinh than tugiae eao dp, quyet tam dat duoc muc tieu de ra, Neu thieu si/nd lue thi SV khong the dat ket qua tdt Day eung chinh la diem khac biet so v6^ hpc sinh thong, Nguyen tac day hoc giai quyet van de Dua tren ca sd ddc diem hoat ddng hpc tap eua SV tn/dng COKT va ban chat cua day hpc GQVD, chiing tdi dua mot sd nguyen tac can quan triet day hpc GQ VO dcae twdng COKT nhu sau: 1) Khuyen khich tinh da dang va chu dgng tu rfuycuaSl'.Trong day hpc GQVD, GV phai taora cac tinh hud'ng day hpc, khuyen khieh SV phat hien vd'nde, hoatdpng tugide vatich cuede GQVD Vd'n de thudng la cac cdu hdi hay he thd'ng bdi tap ehua dupe giai dap, hoae chua cd duoc mptphuong phdp cu the degiai ddp Van deco the' G V de xua't hodc SV dexuat Nguyen tde ndy ddi hoi dua vao tinh ed van de day hpc, GV thiet kecac tinh hud'ng da dgng de tao nhdng thach thuc, kich thich kha nang phdn dodn, quyet djnh va linh hoat tu ciia S V thdng qua eac tinh hudng day hpc duoc xay dung theo muc tieu vd ndi dung mon hpc 2) Khuyen khich hgc tap theo phong each tu hgc va nghien cm/, khuye'n khich SV tu hpc, tu nghien cdu languyen tdc day hpc ehuyen nghiep Bffl phuong phdp hpe tap d bae dai hpe khac co ban vdl phuang phap hpc tap dphdthdng la khdng cd sukiem tra, hudng ddn cung nhu giam sat hang eiia G V nen SV phai hinh eho minh thdi quen vaphuong phap tuhpc Ode trung cua day hpc GQVD dtrudng COKT Id SV duqc ddt vao mpt tinh hudng van de SV phai hoat daig tich cue, huy dpng tri thue va kha ndng cua minh deGQVD Mue dich cua day hpe GQVD khdng phai 341 Tap chi Gido dye so 311 chi la lam eho SV ITnh hpi dupc ket quahpe tap ma lam cho hp phdt trien ndng luc tu duy, sang tao va lac phong tuhpc, tunghien cuu.Thue hien tot nguyen tdc se dam bao tinh tu giac hpe tap, dam bao hpc dl doi vdi hanh, ndng cao dan kT ndng hpc tap cua ngudi hpe 3) Dua vao kinh nghiem va hoat dgng cua ngudi hgc Trong hoat dpng hpc tap hay lao ddng san xuat luon dat nhung yeu eau, nhiem vu, tinh hudng can phai glal quyet Kinh nghiem giiip ngudi van dgng nhung tri thdc da tich luy duoc qud trinh nhan thuc tn/de dd degiai quyet nhung van de mdi hi|u qua hon Nhung kinh nghiem cua ngudi hpe la thong qua hoc tap va eac hoat dpng hang Ngudi hpe da nit nhung bdi hoc, nhdng bi quyet, nhdng quy ludt ti/ nhung dieu minh dd bietva cam nhgn Cac mdn hpc chuang trinh dao tao d cac trudng COKT vdl noi dung day hpe thudng la nhdng bai toan kTthuat Do khdng CO mpt Idi giai nhat (don tri} nen de cd the gial bai todn kTthuat, can phai huy dpng vdn kinh nghiem tim toi nhieu each giai, nhieu phuang an, giai phap lua ehpn vdl lap luan logic phii hap vdi hoan canh Do dd, van dung day hpc GQVD phai biet tdn dung nhung uu diem eua kinh nghiem von ed cua SV de thiet ke cac van de tinh huong, cac bai toan kT thuat cho phii hpp nhdm phdt huy duae td'i da nang lue tu ciia SV 4) Trai nghiem nhi/ng quan hi chia se vi thach tht/c vi'tri tui Day hpc GQVD chinh la tao mdl trudng thach thuc tu cua SV eac tinh hud'ng, cdc bai todn kTthuat khac Vay nen, viec dpc lap thuc hien mpt minh se gap nhieu khd khan, GV phai biet to' chdc, dieu khien SV hoat dpng theo nhdm de' hp cd the chia se, ban ludn, trao doi tim phuang an tdt nhd't giai quyd't nhiem vu hpc tap GV phai hudng dan SV each Idm viec theo nhdm: biet Idng nghe y kien ciia cac vien nhdm, biet phe phdn va biet each trinh bdy quan die'm cua minh trudc nhdm Cd nhuvay, day hpc GQ VO mdi ludn giiip SV duoc trai nghidm nhung quan he se chia va thach thde ve tri tue 5) Hgc deihay dd) va phat trien chinh minh Nghien cdu li ludn day hpc da khdng dinh rdng, mudn ndng eao chat lupng day hpc thi can phai quan tdm den ngudi hoe vdi tu each Id chu the qua trinh hpc tap Day hpe GQVD xuat phat tu nhu eau thi/c te eua xa hpi ddi hoi can cd nhung ngudi cd ndng luc GQVD; bdi ehinh ndng luc GQVD giiip ngudi linh hoat, sang tao hon hoat -(kil-6/2013) ddng cua cudc song Day hpe GQ VO lam cho S V y thue duoc viec hpc tap, giai quyet van de chinh la eon dudng ca ban nhd't de' tiep thu tri thde, hinh thdnh nang lue dethay dol va phat trien chinh m inh, trdthanh nha kTsuehuyen nghiep Khdng khde, phai chinh SV cd nhu cau, mong muon, tu giae tich cue viec hpc tap nhdm thay doi ehinh minh mdi tao s u thay dd'i eua hp Quan triet nguyen tdc GV phai ludn Id ngudi cd van, to' chuc, dieu_khien, dieu chinh de qua trinh hpc tap cua SV d i l n tich cue theo mong mud'n Tai lieu t h a m khao t Bemd Meier - Nguyen Van Ctrong Lf luan dgy hpc kT thuat - Phirong phSp v^ quS trinh day hpc, Berlin • Hanoi 200 i D5ng Th^nh Hung Day hpc hien dai: Li luan Bi§n phap - Ki thuat NXB Dgi hpc qu6c gia, H 2002, V.OKOn.NhuTigco'sffcua v i e c d a y h p c n e u van de NXB Gido ditc, H 1976 Ha The'Nga- Dang VO Hoai Giao due hpc tflp 1.2 KXQ Gido due, W 1998 Day hpc GQVO la mot quan diem day hpc tich cue cdnhieu uu diem, cdthe van dung d nhieu bdc hpc, nhieu ngdnh hpc, mdn hpe khac Tuy nhien, thuc te day hpc cung eho thay khdng cd phuang phap nao la van ndng phii hpp vdi tat ea dd'i tuong Vay nen, vdi m i l dd'i tupng eg the, GV can qudn triet mpt nguyen tdc rieng nhd't djnh de day hpc GQVO ludn phii hpp va phdt huy toi da uu diem cua minh • On the basis of analyzing the nature of problemsolving teaching and studying characterisUcs of leaming activities of technical Junior college students, the article raises several principles of problem-solving teachingin technical Junior colleges nowadays Application of problem-solving teaching in teachingtechnicai modules makes dry technical knowledge easier to understand, links theory to practice, helps students not only thoroughly mastering knowledge, developing mental qualities but also forming positive professional sen Umen ts SUMMARY TV ki va giao due tre Mot SO giai phap nang cao (Tiep theo trang 24) for young children with autism Pro-ed an international Publisher, USA 1996 SL Harris SL, Changes in cognitive and l a n g u a g e f u n c t i o n i n g of p r e s c h o o l children wit autism Journal of autism and deverlopmental disorder 21, 199L Robert L Koegel - Lynn Kern Koegel Teaching Children with Autism 1994 Sicile - C Kira A u t i s m s p e c t r u m disoder The Berkley Publishing group, NewYork, USA 2004, B Siegel Helping children with autism learn Oxford University 2003 (Tiep theo trang 12) eha't lupng NCKHXHNV cua GV cae trudng OH, ke'ca tn/dc mdt cung nhu tuong lai.Q Tai li$u t h a m khao Chinh phu Quyet dinh Phe duy^l Chiin luoc phdl Iriin khoa hqc vd cdng nghi giai dogn 2011-2020, S6'418/QD-TTg Hpc vi^n Chinh tri qudn sy Md'i quan h4 giua nang cao chfl't Imrng giang day va nghiSn cthi khoa hpc xfl h6i nhfln v3n NXB Qudn d0i nhdn ddn, H, 2004 Nguyen V^n Tu^n Di vao nghi£n cihi khoa hpc NXB Tdng hop TP H6 Chi Minh, H 2012 Vu Quan li khoa hoc Q u i n li hoat dOng nghien cihi khoa hpc li lufln M a c - L^nin, NXB S\c thdt H 1992 SUMMARY SUMMARY Autism disorder is a type of pervasive development disorders, which lasts to the whole life and affects seriously to the social relations, social communications, imagination, and behaviour of children AutlsUc children have difflculUes in learning, perception, and knowledge about the world One of the best method in taking care of and supporUng the autistic children Is to take the autlsUc children into Inclushre education envirorunent which the specially-educated teachers take part in Quality of scientific research on social and humanity sciences done by lecturers in universities is always a special cem of organizations at all levels that are in charge of national education area In recent years, aiongwith the interest of the Ministry ofEklucaUon and Training, many universities have made great efforts in directing, organizing social sciences and humaniUes research activiUes but the quality of social sciences and humanities research of lecturers has not been significantly imroved yet To continue removing the difficulties and generating reakthrough in the quality of social sciences and humanities research oflecturers, taking part In improving their status and prestige of scientific research, unlversiUes should keep on studying, developing and implementing the soluUons which focus on awareness raising, capacity Ouilaing management mechanism InnovaUon and preferential policies for the lecturers ? Tap chi Gido due so 311 (ki - 612013) - 35 ... tu giac hpe tap, dam bao hpc dl doi vdi hanh, ndng cao dan kT ndng hpc tap cua ngudi hpe 3) Dua vao kinh nghiem va hoat dgng cua ngudi hgc Trong hoat dpng hpc tap hay lao ddng san xuat luon dat... triet day hpc GQ VO dcae twdng COKT nhu sau: 1) Khuyen khich tinh da dang va chu dgng tu rfuycuaSl'' .Trong day hpc GQVD, GV phai taora cac tinh hud''ng day hpc, khuyen khieh SV phat hien vd''nde, hoatdpng... hpc tap cua SV d i l n tich cue theo mong mud''n Tai lieu t h a m khao t Bemd Meier - Nguyen Van Ctrong Lf luan dgy hpc kT thuat - Phirong phSp v^ quS trinh day hpc, Berlin • Hanoi 200 i D5ng Th^nh