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NGHENCfiU NANG LUC HOP TAG GIAI QUYET V&N DE TRONG DAY HOC VA D A N H GIA B A C T R U N G HOC 6 VlfT NAM TS iC nUi HUNG TRS LC nq HOAM HA'''', IHSaDUnNGTHjiUr T6MTAT Giing dgyvildimUad&nhgiicickp ning da[.]
NGHENCfiU _ NANG LUC HOP TAG GIAI QUYET V&N DE TRONG DAY HOC VA D A N H GIA B A C T R U N G HOC VlfT NAM TS iC n U i HUNG TRS LC nq HOAM HA', IHSaDUnNGTHjiUr T6MTAT Giing dgyvildimUad&nhgiicickp ning da thi Ic^ 21 tXthay dii kirn Oteo yiu dungiy dng nhi6ii dcnSng Ivc mdi da ngudihqcdit^ Ong nhu ducOacdng viic vicu0c sing hi$ndw' Mit tnxtg side ning IvcddIA nSng lye hgp tic gOI quyit vin di, bao gim hai nSng lye thinh phin Ii nSng li/c nhin tttOc vd nSng li/c xs hii Bii bio tip bung t^g hop dc nghiSn cOv 1^ luin vi khil niim vd du tnk da nbtg Ivc hqp tic giii quyit vin dividi xuit dch vin dyng bong d^yhqcvi dinh gid 6r dp tmng hgc phi thOng ri> khia: Ning li/c hgp fdc gUi quyit vin di, giing ddy, dinh gid i.o$tvindi Todn c&u boi vd hr$n dfu hoi dsmg t^o m$t Vni gUn ngdy cdng da d^ng vd vdi svr phdt triln nhi? vQ t>So cOa khoa hQc c6ng ngh$ ^ t nhthig yfiu du vd thdch thOc \im vii nguAn nhfin ^ nhir cdn t)dng tdng tnicmg kinh t6 vir\ phdt triln bin vChig m6i trvd^g, vd s^ thjnh vu^ng v6i cOng bSng xd h^i Trong bit canh ndy, cdc ndng \vz md cdc cd nhdn d n phdi ddp i>ng tra n6n phi>c t^p hon Do vdy, mvc ttdu gido dvc ca bin h^n Id ddo t90 nhOng ngirdi d khd ndng thich i>ng vd sdng tao mpl mdl tnrdnng vd diiu kl|n phi>c t^p cua oj^c sing hi^n dai Ngdy cdng nhiiu ndng li^rc mdi ciia cfing ddn thi k[ 21 duvc d l cdp tc^i trtmg d^y hoc vd l^m tra iMnh gld*^^ Ndng Ivrc hg^ He gidi quyit vin d l (collaborative problem solving, vilt St Id CPS) Id m$t nhChig ndng lyt; ttillt yiu cOa nguiri hi$n d^l bong thi kl 21 Nh»lu nghidn cOu ^ dil ring hoc tdp vir\ sv hop tdc thiremg xuydn c6 thi cai thi$n mi>c iJJ thdnh tich hoc tdp cOa ngirti hoc (Slavin, 1983; Cohen 1994; Sharan & Shachar 1988; Scanlon, 2000: Johnson & Johnswi 1993) CPS d i r ^ hinh thdnh vd phdt triln sfi tao diiu ki^n cho ngi/fri hoc nhdn biit nh&ng dilm manh dilm yiu vd cOng h^p tdc dl thi« hi$n du^c cdc nhi|m vy md ngirti hpc c6 thi th\rc hi$n m^t minh vd qua dd hodn eii$n minh hffn CPS iuvc t l chi>c OECD chlnh thi>c dira vdo chutmg trinh ddnh gid PISA 2015 vd rlt dv^c quan tdm nghidn cng din phwng phdp gidi quyit vdn dl vd kit qud cho thdy nhfrng sinh vidn hffp tdc gidi quyit vin d l theo nh6m c6 kit qud Idm bdi thi tit hffn nhOng sinh vidn giai quyit vin d l m^t minh Bdn canh 66 m^t cuOc khdo sdt nhdn Tnrtng Dfl hoc Gtto due - OHQGHN -NghMn a)u tWi DH Sydney - Cic l>T|«ckiqiiiiitfllAoDVC thi>c v l d1$n vd to truing, tdc gia Singh(5} cQng ctd ring hpc theo nh6m hai ngirdri c6 kit qud hpc t^ cao horn nhfrng ngu^i hpc mOt minh tf Vi$t Nam, day hpc - kiim ba ddnh gid thm h u ^ g phdt triln ndng \vc nguiri hpc Id chij dl mang tinh Oidl s\jt d p bdch cOng c u ^ dii mdi cdn bdn gido due vd ddo tao Tuy nhidn, nhfrng nghifin cfru ly ludn vd thvc tiin v l d9y hpc vd kiim tra ddnh gid ndng Ii,rc hpp tdc gidi quyit vin d l chu« nhiiu vd ch va hi thing Bdi \rilt ndy dira m|t si ccr sd 1;^ ludn v l ndng Ivc hpp tdc gidi quyit vin dl, nhl>ng ^nh hu^ng vin dung qud trinh d^y hpc -ddnh gid d cdc truing trung hpc phi thOng (THPT) cOng cuOc dii md'i cdn bin lodn di$n Ndng Ivc vd ciu trOc cCia ndng Ivc Ndng Ivc duvc ^nh nghTa theo nhiiu cdch khdc John Erpenbeck cho ring: • ndng Ivc dvTC xdy dvng dva trSn cff s * tri thfrc, thilt I9p qua gid trj nhv cdc khd ndng, hlnh thdnh qua trSi nghi|m, cOng d qua kinh nghl|m, hi$n ^vc h6a qua y chr(6) Weinert dva mOt d|nh nghTa thvc tiin horn, "ndng Ivc" ch? din sv kit hp-p cOa nhOng k9 ndng xd hOi, d^o dfrc, d9ng co vd ndng Ivc nh^ thfrc md ngvdl hpc sfi- hfru (ho$c d thi hpc bS dvprc), gitlp ngi/d-i hoc Idm chD dvp« kiln thiHo bang cdch tim hiiu vd thvc hi|n d c nhi$m vu, gtt quyit vin d l , d l dat d w c myc tidu hpc tdp(7) "W chfrc OECD cho ring ndng Ivc khflng chl Id vtte midu td mOt nhidm vy hoSc hdnh d^ng hoc tdp, m bao hdm vi|c lirfirnfl ld)d ndng tilm an cua ngirti hoc vd Ivfl-ng kiln thOc k j ndng, thdi dO d n c6 d l thvc hidn m$t nhi$m v\f hoc tdp tdi mOt chufa ndo d6C8) Theo m«t tdc gid khdc(9), ndng Ivc I) t l hpp cdc hdnh dflng trSn ca s * sv dyng vd hi^ dOng hiiu qud kiln thfrc vd kT ndng ti> nhiiu ngudn khdc d l gidi quyit thdnh cflng cdc vin dl diin cuOc sing hodc c6 cdch frng xi> phCi h« bol d n h thvc Dii c6 cdc cdch diin dgt khdc nhvng nWn Chung cdc quan ni$m v l ndng Ivc diu giing * mflt dilm Id nfli Ifli ndng Ivc Id nfli tM kiifl -MiNieNcfni "luc H nang va kha nang huy dflng cic k*nttii>c.Id ning d i dS giai quyit ttianh cing cSc vin d i cufle sing dat la Mil ngvfln duoc xem la c6 nang lpc v i mflt Unh w o phai la ngviri cfl Idia nana giai quvit ttianh cing cic vin dS tong cufle singttiuflcBnh vvc Ifeng nfli t>i LHanh iling (Behavioui) Hanhvi (quan sat dupe) Kiklhiic KJnang Thai Chuin gii bi niimlin - Oflngco Nil nhan cich Phim chit Bsfeatesl Hinh Md hinh ting bing vi ciu true ning lue Bm cie giai phip d i giii quyil nhing vin d i dit tong Unh huing d i , qua d i ttii hiin ning tu hpp tic tong vifle Iva chpn v i quyit djnh giii phipliivu(ll) _._ , linq Im hgpac glil quyit vin ti ban diu sit duoc dvpc ttuit k i dinh cho ngvii hpe c i biflt Tuy ao nSn tCr •••"-•' nhlin -ttivc t i n Miu cho uHiy Oliy [lang ning ivc ivc niy CO c i the ttii dvpc dvoc y - ™ "'^ZZr''2i "Ty' "'*" ^' " ' " ? " 9^ °l' h'^fh lem Hn fa'n an (4m cic r4i> cip ^n hpe i.,*, cao hon, L > chi cho e i ap dunn dpng cho ttijm ^ NhOng die tnh niy c i die diim khing quan sit mffl t v i n g lam viic -Dieo khung nang Ivc PISA dvpc nnvng ttiving dupe cic nhi giao due dinh 2016 CPS dvpc dinh nghTa I i "nang Ivc eia m i l gii ttiing qua viic ttipc hifln cic nhiim vu hpc tip cua ngvii hpc (hinh vl) Nguin gie d i hlnh ttiinh d nhinttiamgia dch eve v i hiiu qui vio m i l qui nin suy nghr ehlnh i i xuil phit Kr tlnh sin sing" tlnh m i hal hoic nhiiu ngvii n i Ivc d i cing giii avpc Ipo ttiinh bii dflng eo, phim chil nit nhan quyit mil vin d i lAig cich chia s i sv hiiu blil each ^ ngvii hpc Nil cich khic "suy nghr v i \ « n i Ive cin c i d i dva la glil phap v i s i dung — Siln v w lUbnn* sitiuwir-hlnh iiyv Iim cawi nghr vd cic cde Win kfan ittiic, k? nang v i nSlvc d i c i dope glil tlnh lA ir.k I.:jiKnac - suy ^ linh sin sing- ehlnh I i diiu kifln cin v i d i d i Ipo phap di" hdnh dflng '^ ijAili.-Trong qua tlnh dao tao cic nha giao due ' N e n l l S ^ ? , E * " ? J ? " ^ " " ^ < = ' " « " " " ' diu nhin ring, d i dinh gii kit qui hpc^p o i l TannertLm S f ? & ? ' i « ° " S " ' '^T^'^' * a ^ m r ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ' " " * ' " ' " ^ " ^ ' ^ ^ ~ ? S ' u n ^ ' ( t ^ * ^ r , W n ' S S^WvIli'*" - - - ' '- "^ - J S ^ dttlfr.-t^ ' - "^^f>^%o nh1;7i^1SiS;%"li"'d,^ nhing Unh huing c i vin d i tong hpe Bp v i cuflc singmikhingeianhhvingTS^c'^Xi.i"^ i i a H " v i i ' ^ r S * J l S : ' ' " ) ' i ' k h i e biit Ste) nim A l ^ ^ ^ ^ ' * = , " ' " * ' " , < ' " " " ^ = l i ' " ^ " = ^ ^ « ^ ^ n h M ? u M " „ * rtn-ralim/aii.) NGMtNCdUdflng/ linh hoat cua cdc d nhdn Ndng Ivc CPS dir^fc hinh thdnh dva trfin vi$c trao d i i thflng tin, kiln ttiuc chuydn mfln vd kinh nghi|m dvp-c tich IQy qua cdc nguin tdi li$u vd cdc chiin iuyc thvc hi$n d l hlnh thdnh ngn mgc tiflu diung d n giai quyit Vfli v!$c quan tdm d i n ndng Ivc hgp tdc giai quyit vin d l ndy, ban thdn ngiroi hoc hay gido vien d l d t h i nhdn nhfrng n h i ^ vy md n g u ^ hpc cfl till Idm du^rc, khong t h i Idm duvc, ho$c cfl t h i Idm diKfC niu cd sv tr? giup tfr gido vi§n hay cfl sv hpp tdc vM ban bd khdc (Hinh 3) Gido dye hi^n dai quan tdm nhiiu hem b>i v i ^ phdt hidn vd h i tn? dio ngvfli hpc d i thi^n cdc ndng Ivc d n phdt triln ndy N^iuciunitica^ «Hi^glurllil|NttH)K fM^iptfln^pt|jf[|~ NSuyls^ x^(toMiUb«* ^f^fblnfaiSMl Hinh ciu trOc ning Ivc hgp tic glil quyit vin dA tj,tvMai».jtat>i Hlnh VOng ndng Ivc cin phdt triin Ciu tnk d a ndng Ivc CPS Dva trdn tl^nh nghTa r^ng v l ndng lye CPS, " d c ho^t dflng giai quyit vin d l lidn quan d i n sv tinmg tdc gtfra cdc thdnh vidn nhflm''(14}, cdc nhd nghldn cfru dira cdc ndng Ivc d n th^l qud trinh hpp tdc gidi quyit vin d l (Hlnh 4)(12) K9 ndng vi kiin thi>c NLtliicli raig NL eac noi ^^-r\/ NLbfi^jtac NLra qm-etdiiih Hlnh Thdnh ti da ning ivc hgp tic glil quyit vindi Tvo-ng tv nhu- vSy, tdc gid Nancy Willlhnganz (16) cQng d l xuit mfl htnh hpp tdc gidi quyil vin d l g i m sdu bv^c cfl khdc mQt chOt so vfl'i mfl hlnh triKi-c (Hlnh 7) Theo d v thdo chvcng trinh gido dgc THPT mc (diiu chlnh nhidm vy xdy dvng kiln thfrc) Mfl hlnh d u tnic ndy cho thiy cdch nhin nhdn rdnh mach hon v l ndng Ivc 77)fr hal sv hpp tdc dfli hdl khd ndng xdc Ssib hTp tdc gidi quyit vin d l Id co sd t i t d l xdy dvng dc ho9t ding d n thilt d l gidi quyit v i n d l vd dl khung tidu chl ddnh gid tudn theo cdc bv6c thIch hpp d l di d i n mit gM Cdc ndng Ivc thdnh phin se dirorc flil hi|n phdp Qud trinh ndy lidn quan d i n vi$c tim hiiu wydn suit qud trinh nhflm thvc hi§n gidi quyit vdn tvong tdc vfl'i tlnh huing d v i n d l d n gidi quyH d l Rod VUindle vd Suzanne*\farren(15) d l xuit mfl Cg thi, nfl g i m d thflng tin ban d i u v l vin ihik hlnh hpp tdc giai quyit vdn d l theo nhu' hlnh Hinh bit cfr thflng tin I n d i u bdn dvoc phdt hifn ll'TnaigubiitfiiAoDgc -NGHr£NCl]fU t i i n Bieo cae quy tie the hiin vai t i , kiem soil t i chic nhim, phan inh ttiinh qua cua t i chVc Xdc d|nh rO cdc chu d l chlnh d n thdo hign nhim, v i giOp xv Ij cic xung Dira cdc gia thiet gidi phdp hogc dl xuit y kiln md dflt khin ngit quSng tiong thdnh vidn nhflm cdm thIy hdi Idng dl den thflng nhit giao t i p nhom(21) cfaing; Thilt Up nin tang Chung gifra cdc thdnh vien nhflm M i l tong cic yeu ti anh Suy nghi vd difa cSc y Idin kh^c cho vin dl dwM hvong fe>i ning Ivc CPS ci3a ntBdu khia cgnh khSc ngvii hpc la gioi tinh, dan tpc, dia vj, nang Ivc hop tao v i nhin Dira trSn cSc tiSu chi ffi thing rtilt, kit hpp &n wgc vS loai b « cdc Iva chgn; C6 g l i ^ phdt Win cdch thfrc raai lhi>e dat dupe, dpng Ivc va dflng CO flm hiiu vin de (kiin ttiic) quyM vdn dl va di din cSc thing nhit chimg Theo lie gia Dilienbou[g(22), sv T l chfrc thdo lu$n, ddnh gid vd di din thing nhit chimg hpp tac hi$u qua dupe t i i hiin ve gidi phdp qua mflt ciu tnle tuong xi>ng cia cae yiu t i t i n Tvong xing Hinh Cic birdc hgp tic giii quyit vin di kiin thvc I i tit ca cie thinh viin nhim c i mic nang Ive nhu cho dO hp c i t i i c i quan diim khie Tiiu chl dinh gia ning Ivc hpp tic glil quyit vin d i Sfr dwig cdc kj ndng giao filp dl hiiu quai a i m cua ngifCri khdc v l vin dl nhu d u vd mor^ muln ã#ãôã Hinh T.Cicbirdehgp tic giii quyit vin di Dva t i n ciu t i c m i hlnh, cic tivic cin thtre hiin tong qui tlnh hpp tie giai quyil vin di, c i ttii d i xuit mic ning lye CPS: (CPS-1) Mic ning lire thip, (CPS-y Mic ning lire bung bbih vi (CPS-3) Uic ning lire U^Mtenlagluc CFS-2^ cae c i nhan dap Ong cdc ygu t^^ cao, eg ttii nhv Hlnh jlhi^.fin va minh Chung di hanh dflng Iva 9^n Cic mic dfl dinh gii t i n diy cic'hoal dflng ding gflp nhim dpi m g c ^ ^ c i Oil dvpc i p dpng Iim CO so di nfi6m, tiaiin gia vao cie vai t i dupe phfln^caig xiy dvng t i u chl dinh gii ning va ding g6p vio chiin iupc nhimoSi Ive hpp tac giii quyit vin d i cho s^y^f^iw^p Iupc chung Chung nhlirrgSl quyit vin 66 j | H | nhOng nhiim vu dl ttii cua ling BditiK hpchay nhim hpe cuUil CPS-1 cacci nhan dua latiflngttnchuacht xic chua phCi hpp Uieo duii cic hoal dflng (Hch hpp lifln min) Cic mic dfl ngiu hiing, khflng hpp, tiin khai lam viic dinh gia niu t i n di bao gim c i mflt minh, it ding gfip giai quyil cae khfl khan hai ciu ttiinh cia ning ipo hop liimin tic giii quyil vindi d mic dfl chi Hit hoi v i Hinh Cic cip di dinh gii ning tire hgp tic v i i y6u ciu phic hpp cao hon, ching tong qui tlnh Ivong tic vii vin d i Thing tin ttiu „ ta c i ttii s i dung -v.,s bang ™,.a Ihip dvoc chpn kjc t i chic v i Ueh hpp ttieo cich „ '^^ ^ "^"9 'vc xi hfli (bing 1) va dinh phi hpp v i c i gii t l giii quyit vin d i eu ttii v i ? i " ' * " " * ' ' ' * ° * * ' ^) *' ^'l™" " i Care ni cing dupe ttch hpp v i l kiin Uiijc ban diu Mil ô i ^^''.^''''^Jđ- '^"1' "ã>*"ã " i " * ! = * dilng tong cic bvic cua qui tlnh niy la ttiiit lap mpc ^ h i Jm"hf°«''K i S " ! * ' " " " *"^? '=*' * * « tiiu b i t o Jp k i hoach dat muc f i u v i t a n khai m i l ^ ^ ^ h S S cu hfi"" ' * ' * " ' " * "«= *"•=• k i hoach B i giii quyit cic khin c i dvpc giai ToiTi,^^^ ^ Z phip Cho vin d i khflng ehl iiSn quan din viic nhin f « L h j ^ ^ J S I W T ° ^ " ^ " " * * " " " " " '">" Oiic m i cin Bn quan din Cie hopt ding tao d ^ g I f ^ l ^ ^ " , , Ive v i c i tie dflng glil quyit vin di(19,20) h™, i S h h- Jx^ " " l " ' "^"^ ' ^ ^''^ dope Thiba ngv(« hc2 Sn d ning Ive d chic K ^ o S n t t M f f ' - \ ^ ° ' " - ' " f "^"S nhim d i gin quyit vin d i xem xil ning Ivc v i eac dTn^gia chS^ ^ ^ ^ t "tH.'^ ""« nguin ttiing Bn (tii Biu) eia ttiinh viin nhim, hiiu Bit c? ttii i n ? S telXAh l l f V'f'l^ ? ' vai t i cua bin ttiin Vi cua Cie ttiinh viin n h ^ , ningTvc l i ^ b ^ ^ S i ' g i g ^ diy kit^"^'"'' CPS-3 Chi dflng tip Ihu ) win I i cae W f f l yten khac, di xuing cic hoat dOng c h u a ^ ^ S5fl-.J$3l v i hi§u qui glil quyit cdc x i i n ^ f , :c|^0$ng giii quyil cackhikhSntong quajrinh' iipp tic lam viic JT siin-iitfiiaiani.li CDUB i n , Rubtic dirii si* "iiV Ivc >d I4ij(lik^